THE SIMILALITY BETWEEN THE AFFORESTED MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM AND THE NATURAL ONE : COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAN GIO PLANTATION AREA AND IRIOMOTE ISLAND

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Physical and Histological Comparison of Hydroxyapatite, Carbonate Apatite, and β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes

Three commercially available artificial bone substitutes with different compositions, hydroxyapatite (HAp; Neobone®), carbonate apatite (CO3Ap; Cytrans®), and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP; Cerasorb®), were compared with respect to their physical properties and tissue response to bone, using hybrid dogs. Both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were porous, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) was dense. Crystallite size and specific surface area (SSA) of Neobone® (HAp), Cytrans® (CO3Ap), and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) were 75.4 ± 0.9 nm, 30.8 ± 0.8 nm, and 78.5 ± 7.5 nm, and 0.06 m2/g, 18.2 m2/g, and 1.0 m2/g, respectively. These values are consistent with the fact that both Neobone® (HAp) and Cerasorb® (β-TCP) are sintered ceramics, whereas Cytrans® (CO3Ap) is fabricated in aqueous solution. Dissolution in pH 5.3 solution mimicking Howship’s lacunae was fastest in CO3Ap (Cytrans®), whereas dissolution in pH 7.3 physiological solution was fastest in β-TCP (Cerasorb®). These results indicated that CO3Ap is stable under physiological conditions and is resorbed at Howship’s lacunae. Histological evaluation using hybrid dog mandible bone defect model revealed that new bone was formed from existing bone to the center of the bone defect when reconstructed with CO3Ap (Cytrans®) at week 4. The amount of bone increased at week 12, and resorption of the CO3Ap (Cytrans®) was confirmed. β-TCP (Cerasorb®) showed limited bone formation at week 4. However, a larger amount of bone was observed at week 12. Among these three bone substitutes, CO3Ap (Cytrans®) demonstrated the highest level of new bone formation. These results indicate the possibility that bone substitutes with compositions similar to that of bone may have properties similar to those of bone

呼吸相からみた剣道形の分析

剣道形実施時における打太刀, 仕太刀の呼吸をサーミスター法により測定した。また打突時を知る為に両者の右肘にエレクトロゴニオメーターをとりつけた。剣道形の太刀の形を1本目から7本目までを各10回測定した。被験者は4名 (熟練群, 未熟練群各1組) を用いた。その結果次のことが明らかになった。1) 打突時からその直後にかけて各回の呼吸曲線はまとまり, 吸気の終期から呼気の初期で打突を終了していた。2) 熟練群では打突前に打太刀, 仕太刀が共通の呼吸パターンを示すことが多かった。In this study the respiration curve and the angle of elbow joint were measured in order to observe the difference of the expiration and inspiration phase in Kendogata performance between trained and untrained subjects. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The respiratory curve was almost identical immediately after the moment of striking. Striking was finished at the moment between end of inspiration and beginning of expiration. 2) Uchitachi and Shitachi in trained group showed same respiratory pattern before the moment of striking

Reconstruction of rabbit mandibular bone defects using carbonate apatite honeycomb blocks with an interconnected porous structure

Carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) granules are useful as a bone substitute because they can be remodeled to new natural bone in a manner that conforms to the bone remodeling process. However, reconstructing large bone defects using CO3Ap granules is difficult because of their granular shape. Therefore, we fabricated CO3Ap honeycomb blocks (HCBs) with continuous unidirectional pores. We aimed to elucidate the tissue response and availability of CO3Ap HCBs in the reconstruction of rabbit mandibular bone defects after marginal mandibulectomy. The percentages of the remaining CO3Ap area and calcified bone area (newly formed bone) were estimated from the histological images. CO3Ap area was 49.1 ± 4.9%, 30.3 ± 3.5%, and 25.5 ± 8.8%, whereas newly formed bone area was 3.0 ± 0.6%, 24.3 ± 3.3%, and 34.7 ± 4.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, after implantation. Thus, CO3Ap HCBs were gradually resorbed and replaced by new bone. The newly formed bone penetrated most of the pores in the CO3Ap HCBs at 12 weeks after implantation. By contrast, the granulation tissue scarcely invaded the CO3Ap HCBs. Some osteoclasts invaded the wall of CO3Ap HCBs, making resorption pits. Furthermore, many osteoblasts were found on the newly formed bone, indicating ongoing bone remodeling. Blood vessels were also formed inside most of the pores in the CO3Ap HCBs. These findings suggest that CO3Ap HCBs have good osteoconductivity and can be used for the reconstruction of large mandibular bone defects

素振り時の竹刀に作用する力の分析

In this study the angle of right and left elbow joints and the forces exerted by the upper and under (Lower) Part of the right and left hand were measured in order to observe the difference of Kendo performance between traned and untrained subjects. The results were summarized as follows : 1) In slow and fast swing motion, in the untrained subject, it was observed to flex the right elbow joint on up swing motion. In the trained subject it was observed a tendency to extensible enough the arm. And in the trained subject it was observed a pattern of a flexion and a tendency in the left elbow joint, but m the untrained subject "no stabilized" pattern could be found it wasn\u27t observed established one. 2) In the result observed to force exerted to the hilt of "shinai" in right and left hands, in the right hand it was observed a tenddency to force of "stopping" under on down swing and "draing" on up swing. In left hand it was observed tendency to force exerted upper and under twice at the same time on the other. That is thought the result were "shinai" shaking" when the untrained subject down swing. 3) It was observed large differnce among the trained and untrained subjects at the rate of force right and left handan, in the trained subject it was observed to big force exerted left hand, an in the untrained subject it was observed to it exerted the right hand. That is thought the Trained subject is swing centering around left hand, but the untrained subject is right hand. 4) In comparing the swing speed for both motion, nearly twise of force was required for a fast swing than for the slow swing was abserved

Expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen(PCNA) in biopsy and autopsy specimens of gastric carcinoma

Although proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is known to be an indicator of malignant potential in tumors, the biological and clinicopathological significance of PCNA in tumor tissue is controversial. Methods : Immunohistochemical expression of PCNA was examined in 58gastric carcinoma tissues obtained at autopsy to test the clinicopathological significance. In addition, in 24 of the 58 tumor tissues we compared immunohistochemical expression of PCNA in biopsy and autopsy specimens from the same patient in order to know whether the proliferating activity of tumor cells is stationary from the early stage to the end of tumor growth. Results : 1. PCNA was undetectable in some tumor tissues (12.5% in biopsy and 10.3% in autopsy specimens). 2. the frequency of PCNA positive cases and labeling index (LI) (%) of PCNA in tumor tissues were not significantly different between biopsy and autopsy specimens. 3. the intensity of PCNA reaction was not related to prognosis. 4. PCNA positive cases and LI did not correlate with survival condition. Conclusion : It is hard to say whether PCNA is a reliable indicator in predicting malignancy and prognosis of gastric cancer