Spatial modeling on land use change in regional scale of Java Island based-on biophysical characteristics

This study discusses biophysical-based spatial modeling for land-use change in Java Island considering neighborhood interactions between land use types and the changing area. These neighborhood characteristics used in the logistic regression model to estimate the probability of the change events occurrence. Moreover, the future role of land-use change is then projected using the Markov model based on the annual land-use changes map. The results indicate that paddy rice with an irrigation system (double cropping), especially in upland areas has a high positive spatial autocorrelation with the change areas. Residential area, paddy rice, and upland with intensive cropping have a high effect on the probability of change occurrence. Meanwhile, barren lands/dry land, bush-shrub, and mixed garden give a negative correlation to the change occurrences in agricultural lands. In the case of forestland, the results show some land-use types such as upland with intensive cropping and plantation have a positive contribution to the change of land. The accuracy of the model has also assessed through comparison of the projection with the actual area. The results indicate that the future role of each land-use type is different based on the trend period predictor in the model.Kajian ini mendiskusikan pemodelan spasial biofisik untuk perubahan penggunaan lahan di Pulau Jawa dengan mempertimbangkan interaksi kedekatan antar tipe penggunaan lahan dan perubahannya. Selanjutnya, karakteristik kedekatan ini digunakan dalam model regresi logistic untuk menduga probabilitas perubahan yang akan terjadi. Dalam kajian ini, perubahan penggunaan lahan diproyeksikan dengan model Markov berbasis informasi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi tahunan. Hasil analisis mengindikasikan bahwa lahan sawah irigasi teknis (dua kali tanam), terutama area lahan kering, memiliki autokorelasi positif nyata terhadap lokasi perubahan. Lahan terbangun, lahan sawah dan pertanian lahan kering memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap probabilitas terjadinya perubahan. Sementara itu, lahan terbuka, semak belukar dan kebun campuran memberikan korelasi negative terhadap perubahan di lahan pertanian. Hasil analisis di lahan hutan menunjukkan bahwa pertanian lahan kering dan perkebunan memiliki kontribusi positif terhadap perubahan penggunaan lahan. Akurasi model yang dihasilkan telah diuji dengan membandingkan hasil proyeksi dengan area perubahan aktual

Economic Valuation for Cidanau Watershed Area, Indonesia

The paper describes economic valuation for the Cidanau watershed area of West Java in Indonesia. In this area natural resources deterioration has occurred even faster after the Asian Financial Crisis. The deforestation area and pronounced soil erosion seems to go unhindered because of land use competition among the residents for agricultural space, housing, etc. In order to prevent the area from further degradation, the purpose of this paper is to carry out quantitative evaluation which also attempts to raise the environmental awareness of residents, as well as visitors to the area. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and analyzed according to the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and the Travel Cost Method (TCM). The results show all respondents held good attitudes towards the efforts of environmental conservation, but responded negatively if they had to contribute to the environmental service payment. Visitors to the Anyer Beach acted differently because most of them come from faraway locations and have little knowledge of the watershed. However, the Anyer Beach recorded an environmental valuation of about Rp840 billion, which is a potential source for the service payment of Cidanau watershed

Deforestation and Agricultural Expansion Processes in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Gunung Palung National Park (GPNP) represents the biodiversity of tropical forests remain  in Kalimantan Island. However, the natural ecosystem has been threatened by human impact.  This study aimed (1) to identify the deforestation process inside the national park by imagery analysis of Landsat TM (1992), Landsat ETM+ (1999), and SPOT5 (2004), and (2) to find the driving forces behind agricultural expansions.  The results showed that forest cover of GPNP decreased by 18.7% (equal with 18,675) at an average rate of 1.6% per year from 1992 to 2004.  Land use changes by illegal logging were accelerated after decentralization (1,064 ha in 1992-1999 to 3,781 ha in 1999-2004).  In the other side, increase of mix garden/bush area inside GPNP was relatively constant (4,555 ha in 1992-1999 to 9,040 ha in 1999-2004).  Results also showed tendency on increasing areas for dry-rice cultivation and rubber plantation (averagely 2.0 ha per household).  The study also revealed that secondary forest has constantly decreased in GPNP annually.  Family size and income were considered as important factors that were driving forces of deforestation.  To this, zoning system of the national park by clear participatory demarcation and application of effective buffer-zone support programs were recommended.Keywords: deforestation, agricultural expansion, national park, imagery analysis, zoning syste

Economic Valuation for Cidanau Watershed Area, Indonesia

The paper describes economic valuation for the Cidanau watershed area of West Java in Indonesia. In this area natural resources deterioration has occurred even faster after the Asian Financial Crisis. The deforestation area and pronounced soil erosion seems to go unhindered because of land use competition among the residents for agricultural space, housing, etc. In order to prevent the area from further degradation, the purpose of this paper is to carry out quantitative evaluation which also attempts to raise the environmental awareness of residents, as well as visitors to the area. Questionnaire surveys were conducted and analyzed according to the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) and the Travel Cost Method (TCM). The results show all respondents held good attitudes towards the efforts of environmental conservation, but responded negatively if they had to contribute to the environmental service payment. Visitors to the Anyer Beach acted differently because most of them come from faraway locations and have little knowledge of the watershed. However, the Anyer Beach recorded an environmental valuation of about Rp840 billion, which is a potential source for the service payment of Cidanau watershed

Deforestation and Agricultural Expansion Processes in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Gunung Palung National Park (GPNP) represents the biodiversity of tropical forests remain  in Kalimantan Island. However, the natural ecosystem has been threatened by human impact.  This study aimed (1) to identify the deforestation process inside the national park by imagery analysis of Landsat TM (1992), Landsat ETM+ (1999), and SPOT5 (2004), and (2) to find the driving forces behind agricultural expansions.  The results showed that forest cover of GPNP decreased by 18.7% (equal with 18,675) at an average rate of 1.6% per year from 1992 to 2004.  Land use changes by illegal logging were accelerated after decentralization (1,064 ha in 1992-1999 to 3,781 ha in 1999-2004).  In the other side, increase of mix garden/bush area inside GPNP was relatively constant (4,555 ha in 1992-1999 to 9,040 ha in 1999-2004).  Results also showed tendency on increasing areas for dry-rice cultivation and rubber plantation (averagely 2.0 ha per household).  The study also revealed that secondary forest has constantly decreased in GPNP annually.  Family size and income were considered as important factors that were driving forces of deforestation.  To this, zoning system of the national park by clear participatory demarcation and application of effective buffer-zone support programs were recommended.Keywords: deforestation, agricultural expansion, national park, imagery analysis, zoning syste

Changes of the land cover and land use in Can Gio area, Vietnam from 1997 to 2003

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Total aortic arch replacement under intermittent pressure-augmented retrograde cerebral perfusion

Kitahori, Kawata, Takamoto et al. described the effectiveness of a novel protocol for retrograde cerebral perfusion that included intermittent pressure augmentation for brain protection in a canine model. Based on their report, we applied this novel technique clinically. Although the duration of circulatory arrest with retrograde cerebral perfusion was long, the patient recovered consciousness soon after the operation and had no neurological deficit. Near-infrared oximetry showed recovery of intracranial blood oxygen saturation every time the pressure was augmented