Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in children with histomorphological review

Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are aggressive malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin, related to skeletal muscle lineage. These are the most common soft tissue tumors in children. The diagnosis is made by microscopic analysis and ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, cytogenetics and molecular biology. We encountered a case of a 03 years old child who presented with a tender, reddish, soft swelling over cheek for three weeks. The FNAC was reported as a small round cell tumor, Probably Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET). The biopsy of tumor revealed a small round cell tumor with an alveolar pattern. Tumor giant cells were absent and mitotic figures were infrequent. Hence, differentials of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and PNET were rendered. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) demonstrated desmin positivity. Thus, a final diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma was offered

Editor's choice : European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute limb ischaemia

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Neurodevelopmental disorders in children aged 2-9 years: Population-based burden estimates across five regions in India.

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) compromise the development and attainment of full social and economic potential at individual, family, community, and country levels. Paucity of data on NDDs slows down policy and programmatic action in most developing countries despite perceived high burden. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We assessed 3,964 children (with almost equal number of boys and girls distributed in 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories) identified from five geographically diverse populations in India using cluster sampling technique (probability proportionate to population size). These were from the North-Central, i.e., Palwal (N = 998; all rural, 16.4% non-Hindu, 25.3% from scheduled caste/tribe [SC-ST] [these are considered underserved communities who are eligible for affirmative action]); North, i.e., Kangra (N = 997; 91.6% rural, 3.7% non-Hindu, 25.3% SC-ST); East, i.e., Dhenkanal (N = 981; 89.8% rural, 1.2% non-Hindu, 38.0% SC-ST); South, i.e., Hyderabad (N = 495; all urban, 25.7% non-Hindu, 27.3% SC-ST) and West, i.e., North Goa (N = 493; 68.0% rural, 11.4% non-Hindu, 18.5% SC-ST). All children were assessed for vision impairment (VI), epilepsy (Epi), neuromotor impairments including cerebral palsy (NMI-CP), hearing impairment (HI), speech and language disorders, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and intellectual disability (ID). Furthermore, 6-9-year-old children were also assessed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disorders (LDs). We standardized sample characteristics as per Census of India 2011 to arrive at district level and all-sites-pooled estimates. Site-specific prevalence of any of seven NDDs in 2-<6 year olds ranged from 2.9% (95% CI 1.6-5.5) to 18.7% (95% CI 14.7-23.6), and for any of nine NDDs in the 6-9-year-old children, from 6.5% (95% CI 4.6-9.1) to 18.5% (95% CI 15.3-22.3). Two or more NDDs were present in 0.4% (95% CI 0.1-1.7) to 4.3% (95% CI 2.2-8.2) in the younger age category and 0.7% (95% CI 0.2-2.0) to 5.3% (95% CI 3.3-8.2) in the older age category. All-site-pooled estimates for NDDs were 9.2% (95% CI 7.5-11.2) and 13.6% (95% CI 11.3-16.2) in children of 2-<6 and 6-9 year age categories, respectively, without significant difference according to gender, rural/urban residence, or religion; almost one-fifth of these children had more than one NDD. The pooled estimates for prevalence increased by up to three percentage points when these were adjusted for national rates of stunting or low birth weight (LBW). HI, ID, speech and language disorders, Epi, and LDs were the common NDDs across sites. Upon risk modelling, noninstitutional delivery, history of perinatal asphyxia, neonatal illness, postnatal neurological/brain infections, stunting, LBW/prematurity, and older age category (6-9 year) were significantly associated with NDDs. The study sample was underrepresentative of stunting and LBW and had a 15.6% refusal. These factors could be contributing to underestimation of the true NDD burden in our population. CONCLUSIONS: The study identifies NDDs in children aged 2-9 years as a significant public health burden for India. HI was higher than and ASD prevalence comparable to the published global literature. Most risk factors of NDDs were modifiable and amenable to public health interventions

Nutraceuticals Play an Emerging Role in SARS CoV2 and Neurological Dysfunction

The ApoE4 allele is a well-studied genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, a condition with increasing prevalence and no cure. Precision nutrition, which targets metabolic pathways affected by ApoE4, offers a potential tool for disease prevention. However, long-term human studies on effective nutritional protocols for preventing Alzheimer's in ApoE4 carriers are lacking, partly because the precise mechanisms underlying the increased dementia risk in carriers are not fully understood. Fortunately, recent research has shed light on these mechanisms, opening up opportunities for potential risk reduction through lifestyle and nutrition interventions. In this research paper we discuss about the chawanprash phytocompounds and it is found that Terchebin is the effective phytocompund though docking and simulation methods and thereby indicating the potent Nutraceutical against various Neurological manifestations that is caused due to SARS Cov2 and AD. In this review, we explore recent findings on how ApoE4 impacts various cellular processes, including microglia and other inflammatory pathways

Investigation of self-heating effect on DC and RF performances in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on CVD-Diamond

We have investigated the self-heating effect on DC and RF performances of identically fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on CVD-Diamond (GaN/Dia) and Si (GaN/Si) substrates. Self-heating induced device performances were extracted at different values drain bias voltage ( VD ) and dissipated DC power density ( PD ) in continuous wave (CW) operating condition. The effect of self-heating was observed much lesser in GaN/Dia HEMTs than GaN/Si HEMTs in terms of ID , IG , gm , fT and fmax reduction. Increased channel temperature caused by joule heating at high PD reduces the 2-DEG carrier mobility in the channel of the device. This behaviour was also confirmed by TCAD simulation which showed 3.9-times lower rising rate of maximum channel temperature and lowers thermal resistance ( Rth ) in GaN/Dia HEMTs than GaN/Si HEMTs. Small signal measurements and equivalent circuit parameter extraction were done to analyze the variation in performance of the devices. Our investigation reveals that the GaN/Dia HEMT is a promising candidate for high power density CW operation without significant reduction in electrical performance in a large drain bias range.Published versio

Jatropha Curcas : a bio diesel plant in reclamation of silica mining area

A silica mining area ,in Vindhayn hills of Allahabad District in Uttar Pradesh, India, is severely degraded due to open cast silica mining. This continuous process of opencast mining has scarred the landscape, disrupted ecosystems and destroyed microbial communities of the area. Apart from these unsightly impacts, the degraded environments created in the aftermath of opencast mining often cannot support biomass development. Over the long term, opencast mining reduces forest productivity, damages aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems and sometimes leads to substantial alterations in microclimates. Such changes, in turn, carry adverse economic and social impacts for nearby communities whose residents depend on the region’s natural resources for large portions of their incomes. Therefore there is an urgent need to reclaim these abandoned areas by using such plants, which can easily establish themselves in such adverse conditions and also support the economy of the local people. Jatropha curcas has been found most suitable for the purpose, especially due to the use of its seed oil as bio diesel and its resistant nature. It can be grown on such lands, which are largely unproductive for the time being, and are located in poverty stricken areas. The present study is on the performance of different provenances of Jatropha in silica mining area of Vindhayn hills, India. For this, total twenty-three provenances were collected from different parts of India. Their seedlings were raised in nursery. The growth performance of these provenances of Jatropha was recorded in nursery. After that, the field trial of these seedlings was carried out in the silica mining area. The growth performance was recorded. The provenance with best performance may further be recommended for the reclamation of such areas under similar agro climatic conditions and through Jatropha plantations, three major objectives, viz. wasteland reclamation, production of eco-friendly bio fuel, and socio-economic development of degraded areas can be achieved simultaneously.Non UBCUnreviewedOthe

Load balancing technique based on hybrid resource utilization in cloud computing

Cloud computing uses the internet to supply dynamic services including memory, data, bandwidth and applications. Work schedules have an influence on cloud service reliability and performance. A proper provisioning method is required for a systematic resource allocation, which comprises of large virtual resources. Depending on the present state of the system, load balancing solutions can be distinguished as dynamic or static. Dynamic or static load balancing solutions can be employed to increase server response time or to raise load balancing factors for quicker and more efficient resource utilization. To decrease the load across resources and maximize CPU usage, a hybrid load balancing technique is developed. In the cloud, we have a finite quantity of resources that must be efficiently managed in order to fulfill&nbsp;tasks. Requests are transmitted to a cloud server, which assigns work via quadratic probing. During load balancing, the load is shifted from heavy-weighted servers to lighter-weighted servers, enhancing CPU usage. The suggested methodology's performance was assessed using average mean response time,&nbsp;make-span, average make-span, and average resource utilization. The Load Balancing Algorithm (LBA) is created with the primary purpose of reducing job completion time and increasing the&nbsp;average resource utilization&nbsp;ratio