EARLY CHILDHOOD SCIENCE EDUCATION TRENDS IN TURKEY: WHERE FROM? WHERE TO?

The current study intends to review both all empirical and theoretical research for understanding and discussing the trend in early childhood science education in Turkey. A summative content analysis was conducted with a total of 136 studies including 69 graduate theses (master thesis and dissertations) and 67 journal articles published from 1999 (the beginning) to the mid-2017. Data were extracted from the full-text of articles and the theses by visiting the websites of the journals and the related databases. The search keywords mainly included the terms: early childhood, preschool, science. The studies were analyzed in terms of publication year, author collaboration, research topics, research methods, and target population. The results revealed that the number of graduate theses and articles in the field of early childhood science is continuously growing. It was identified that collaborative research efforts in early childhood science education was a leading design on the published work. Results determined that a vast majority of the papers used quantitative research methods, mainly conducting surveys and using experimental design. Children, early childhood teachers and prospective teachers were the most common study subjects in the selected papers. The research topics of environmental education, scientific process skills, teaching methods, attitudes and behaviour were received relatively more attention among researchers

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection - Does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery

Gynaecological robotic surgery at a state hospital — our own experience

Objectives: In recent years, the rapid development of minimally invasive surgical methods, including robotic surgery, has resulted in a marked decline of the traditional methods in gynaecological surgery. The aim of the study was to share our experience with robotic surgery at a state hospital. Material and methods: A total of 40 patients, who underwent robotic gynaecological surgery (GS) between 2015 and 2017, were included. Age, BMI, previous abdominal operations (PAO), operation indications (OI), operative time (OT), pathological evaluation, uterine weight (UW), blood loss during surgery (BL), complications, and duration of the hospitalization (DoH) were analyzed. The Da Vinci XI was used during surgery. Results: A total of 40 patients were analyzed. Mean values were as follows: age — 48 years, BMI — 28, and PAO — 12%. The most common OI included uterine fibroids (52%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (45%). Mean OT, docking time and console time values were 166 min, 15 min, and 123 min, respectively. Mean BL was 93 mL. Mean UW was 256 gr, and DoH was 4 days. Perioperative and postoperative complications were observed in 10% and 20% of the cases, respectively. Conclusions: Robotic-assisted surgery is invaluable in gynaecology, especially in the case of endometriosis, extensive adhesion, and in some oncological patients, as it allows for better visualization and higher maneuverability. In order for a surgeon to prepare for such cases, the use of the robot in benign cases is necessary to complete the learning curve and gain speed

Development and validation of a scale to measure volition for learning

Volition explains the transition from desire, or motivation, to action especially when faced with competing goals. In learning environments, the concept refers to acting with the aim of achieving learning objectives. Despite the importance of volition in learning environments, research has rarely addressed the volition construct. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore and develop a valid and reliable scale to measure the volition construct in online and face to face learning environments. The data for this research were collected from 594 undergraduate online learners who also took some courses face to face at a state university in Turkey. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the scale, a two-factor, 13-item volition for learning scale was developed. The scale was comprised of two factors: action planning and action control. Confirmatory factor analysis results confirm the factor structure of the scale. Results indicated that the volition for learning scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be utilized to measure learners’ volition in learning environments

İLETİŞİM İŞLEVLERİ SORMACASI'NIN TÜRKÇE VERSİYONU İÇİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI

Bu araştırmanın amacı Burleson ve Samter (1990) tarafından geliştirilen İletişim İşlevleri Sormacası'nı (İİS) Türkçeye uyarlamak ve sormacanın geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerini gerçekleştirmektir. Araştırmaya Orta Anadolu'da bir üniversitenin İletişim Fakültesi'nde öğrenim gören 193 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. İİS; rahatlama, çatışmaları yönetme/çözümleme, sohbet etme, benlik desteği verme,  ifade etme, bilgi verme, dinleme, anlatım, ikna etme ve düzenleme becerileri olmak üzere 10 alt boyut içermektedir. Ayrıca söz konusu alt boyutlar duyuşsal yönelimli ve enstrümental yönelimli olmak üzere iki üst boyutta toplanmıştır.İİS'nin Türkçeye uyumlaştırılması geri çeviri tekniğiyle yapılmıştır. Dilsel ve kültürel uyumlaştırılma yapıldıktan sonra geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve iki aşamalı doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri sonuçları sormacanın orijinal formla tutarlı olduğunu göstermiştir. Sormacanın iç tutarlılık katsayıları 10 faktörlü birinci düzey modelde 0,75 ile 0,89, ikinci düzey faktöriyel modelde ise 0,87 ile 0,90 arasında bulunmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre İİS'nin Türkçe Formu, iletişim işlevlerinin ölçülmesinde kullanılabilecek geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme araçtır

Comparison of the harmonic scalpel with scissors in women who experience obturator nerve injury during lymph node dissection for gynaecological malignancies

Objectives: Lymphadenectomy is crucial for accurate staging in most gynecological malignancies. Serious complications can occur during the surgery. The present study aimed to present the early and late findings associated with obturator nerve injury, which is rarely observed during lymphadenectomy but can result in serious sequela if not noticed. Material and methods: The files of the patients who underwent lymphadenectomy at our clinic between 2012 and 2018 were examined. Patients with obturator nerve incisions were identified retrospectively. Results: In total, 287 women patients underwent lymphadenectomy at our clinic between 2012 and 2018. Examination of surgical notes revealed that nine patients underwent obturator nerve incisions using a scissor or a harmonic scalpel (energy- activated ultrasonic scissors). With respect to management of obturator nerve damage, no significant difference was found between the use of a harmonic scalpel and scissors (p &lt; 1.000) and the trendelenburg and lithotomy positions (p &lt; 0.167). In addition, no significant difference was found between laparoscopy and laparotomy in terms of surgical type (p &lt; 0.167). At 6 months post-operatively, sensory-motor examinations and EMG findings of the patients were completely normal. Conclusions: Surgeries performed for gynaecological malignancies have high mortality and morbidity rates. Moreover, in the event of a complication such as nerve damage during laparoscopy, successful management of the complication before the patient undergoes laparotomy allows the patient to continue benefitting from the advantages of the laparoscopy. The results of our study show that these high-risk surgeries should be performed in advanced and well-equipped medical centres by teams experienced in gynaecological oncology

Familiarity Status of Cellists to Pieces Composed For Cello By Contemporary Turkish Composers

DergiPark: 810684bmsdBu araştırma Çağdaş Türk bestecilerinin viyolonsel için bestelediği konçerto, sonat, partita ve suitlerin ülkemizdeki viyolonsel sanatçıları tarafından tanınma durumlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile Çağdaş Türk bestecilerinin viyolonsel için bestelediği konçerto, sonat, partita ve suitlerin viyolonsel sanatçıları tarafından tanınma durumlarının ortaya konulması; bundan sonra yapılacak olan bilimsel ve sanatsal başka çalışmalara ışık tutmasının yanı sıra bu eserlerin viyolonsel sanatçıları tarafından konser programlarına dâhil edilerek Çağdaş Türk bestecilerimizin ulusal ve uluslararası platformlara taşınmasının gerekliliği bakımından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma betimsel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın deseni durum çalışması olarak seçilmiş nitel araştırma teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye’deki viyolonsel sanatçıları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise, Türkiye’de yer alan 6 Devlet Senfoni Orkestraları, 6 Opera Orkestraları ve profesyonel sistemle çalışan 2 belediye orkestraları olmak üzere toplamda14 orkestrada görev yapan 28 viyolonsel sanatçıları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmadaki veriler anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Anketler yolu ile elde edilen bulgular frekans (f) kullanılarak çözümlenmiş, daha sonra da her eser için ayrı ayrı tablolaştırılmış ve bu tabloların altına o tablodaki eser için gerekli açıklamalar ve yorumlar yazılmıştır.Verilerin analizi sonucunda Çağdaş Türk bestecilerinin viyolonsel için bestelediği konçerto, sonat partita ve suitlerin ülkemizdeki viyolonsel sanatçıları tarafından beklenen ölçüde tanınmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır.Aim of this study is to identify the familiarity status of cellists in Turkey to concertos, sonatas, partitas, and suites which were composed for cello by contemporary Turkish composers. The study is considered significant in terms of identifying the familiarity status of cellists to concertos, sonatas, partitas, and suites which were composed for cello by contemporary Turkish composers; shedding light on future scientific and artistic studies; inclusion of these pieces in concert repertoires by cellists and therefore promoting contemporary Turkish composers on national and international platforms. This is a descriptive study. The study is based on case study pattern and includes qualitative research techniques. Population of the research is composed of cellists in Turkey. Sample of the study, on the other hand, consists of 28 cellists who perform in 14 orchestras; such as 6 State Symphony Orchestras, 6 Opera Orchestras, and 2 municipal orchestras who work with a professional system. Data of the study was obtained through surveys. The findings were analyzed by using frequency (f), tabulated separately for each piece, and then necessary explanations and comments were provided below these tables. The study concluded that the familiarity level of cellists in Turkey to concertos, sonatas, partitas, and suites which were composed for cello by contemporary Turkish composers is not sufficient

Eskişehir’de Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Başlığı Altında Yetişkin Eğitiminin Analizi

Günümüzde en hızlı eskiyen argümanların başında bilgi gelmektedir. Bilim ve teknoloji öylesine hızlı gelişim gösterir ki, sadece kırk yıl önceki bilgiler değil beş yıl öncesindeki bilgiler dahi yeterliliğini yitirmektedir. Bilginin güncelliğini bu derece hızlı kaybettiği bir dünyada yaşam boyu öğrenme, önemi gittikçe artan kavramlardan biri olarak karşımız çıkar. Yaşam boyu öğrenme; kişisel, toplumsal, sosyal ve istihdam ile ilişkili bir yaklaşımla bireyin; bilgi, beceri, ilgi ve yeterliliklerini geliştirmek amacıyla hayatı boyunca katıldığı her türlü öğrenme etkinlikleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Bu kavram gelişmiş ülkelerde çok uzun yıllardır gündemde olan, daha da önemlisi yaşama geçmiş bir niteliğe sahiptir. Hatta öyle ki; Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinde eğitim bütçesinin yarıdan fazlasının, yetişkinlerin eğitimi için harcandığı bilinmektedir. Türkiye için ise kavram yeni olmamakla birlikte yaygın görülmemekte ve günümüz koşullarının çok uzağında yürütülmektedir. Yaşam boyu öğrenmede sadece meslek sahibi olmayanlara ya da meslek değiştirmek isteyenlere yeni meslek kazandırmak değil, aynı zamanda bilgileri sürekli tazelemekte amaçtır. Ancak Türkiye’deki duruma bakıldığında amacın bilgi tazelemek yerine daha çok istihdama yönelik olduğu görülmektedir. Bu araştırmada Türkiye’deki uygulamaların Eskişehir platformu üzerinde masaya yatırılması ve başarılı bir yetişkin eğitiminin kent düzeyinde profilinin çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Meslek edindirme kursları başlığı altında faaliyet gösteren kurumlar üzerinde yürütülecek çalışmada, “Eskişehir’de halk yetişkin eğitiminde neyi öğrenmek istiyor?”, “Bunu nasıl ve hangi yöntemlerle öğrenmek istiyor?” gibi sorulara yanıtlar aranmaktadır. Araştırmada ayrıca şehrin demografik haritasının çıkarılması ve kent halkının şimdiye kadarki memnuniyetlerinin tespit edilip ölçümlenmesi de hedeflenmektedir. Bu çerçevede öncelikle demografik veriler taranıp, sonra genel olarak kent halkına uygulanacak anketlerle beklenti, imkan ve istekler ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Bir dönem kurs almış ve halen kurs alan kursiyerlere uygulanacak ikinci düzey anketlerle kişilerin memnuniyeti ölçümlenirken, kurs müdürleri ve öğretmenleriyle yapılan görüşmelerde uygulayıcıların görüşleri alınarak, başarılı örnek olaylar irdelenmiştir. Nicel ve nitel yöntemlerin birlikte kullanılacağı bu projede Eskişehir halkının yaşam boyu öğrenme perspektifinde şu ana kadar aldıkları ve bundan sonraki beklentileri üzerine genel bir değerlendirmeye ulaşılmıştır. Bu araştırma aynı zamanda sertifikasyonun işletme ve kuruluşlar açısından öneminin irdeleneceği ikinci bir çalışma açısından da öncül bir niteliğe sahiptir

Are the early postoperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in elderly women worse compared to men’s?

Abstract Objective: To investigate the impact of gender difference in early postoperative outcomes in elderly patients (aged 70 or older) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: Between October 2009 and December 2013, a total of 223 elderly patients (aged 70 or older) undergoing isolated primary coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were included in this retrospective observational cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their gender. The patients' medical records were collected, their baseline preoperative characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively reviewed, and the effect of gender difference in the early postoperative outcomes was analyzed. Results: Group 1 (female patients) and Group 2 (male patients) consisted of 71 and 152 patients, respectively. Mean age of patients was 74.4±3.6 years (range: 70-84 years). The level of EuroSCORE I, the incidence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia were significantly higher in Group 1, while the rate of smoking was significantly higher in Group 2. Mean postoperative intubation time, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay were longer in female patients than in male patients, but these differences were not statistically significant. No statistically significant difference between two groups in terms of the transfusion of blood products was observed. The rates of in-hospital mortality and major postoperative complications were statistically similar between the two groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, the female gender was not associated with worse early postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery