Energy and Macronutrient Intake of First-Year Football Players: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the energy intake and macronutrient breakdown of first-year football players at a Division III school. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship of dietary intake to clinical measures. Methods: Seventeen first-year football players completed a 24-Hour Diet Recall interview. Players had their height, weight, body composition, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol measured. Researchers provided measuring devices to help participants recall their food and liquid intake for the previous 24 hours. Independent T-tests were performed to examine the differences between skilled and lineman football players. Results: The athletes consumed an average of 4,103 kcals (range 1,283.4 kcals – 8,347.3 kcals) with the following macronutrient breakdown: 48% Carbohydrate, 35% Fat and 17% protein. Lineman were heavier, had higher Body Mass Index (BMI), larger waist circumferences (WC), higher percent body fat (BF), and higher fasting blood glucoses (p \u3e 0.05) than the skilled players. There were no differences in total kcals consumed, macronutrient composition, or water intake between two groups. Conclusion: Skilled and lineman football players had similar energy intakes; lineman had higher BMIs, WC, and BF. This would suggest that lineman expend lower amounts of energy than skilled players. This information combined with the higher blood glucose levels can be an indicator for a football player’s future health

Effect of Maceration on \u3ci\u3ein Sacco\u3c/i\u3e Degradability and Energy Content of Low-Moisture Round Bale Alfalfa Silage

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maceration on in sacco degradability and energy content of low-moisture alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. The results of two treatments were compared: 1) maceration, in which the alfalfa was processed through a large- scale forage mat maker prior to wilting to approximately 50% DM content (FM treatment), and 2) conventional conditioning, in which the alfalfa was tedded and wilted to the same DM content as that in the FM treatment (CC treatment). Silage bales were chopped in 20-mm pieces for each experiment. In sacco degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF of silage stems were estimated with two fistulated cows incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. DE and ME contents of FM- and CC-treated silage were measured using a respiration chamber with two dry cows. In sacco DM degradability was similar for both FM- and CC- treated silage, but CP degradability of FM-treated silage was higher than that of CC-treated silage. There were no differences between FM- and CC-treated silage in DE, ME and TDN contents. These results suggested that maceration increased the degradable fraction of CP in the alfalfa stem. However, in chopped silage, maceration has no effects on digestibility and metabolizability of energy

Linear Collider Final Doublet Considerations: ATF2 Vibration Measurements

Original publication available at http://www.jacow.org/International audienceAt ATF2, to allow the Shintake Monitor located at the Interaction Point to measure the beam size with only 2% of error, vertical relative motion tolerance between SM (Shintake Monitor) and final doublet magnets (FD) is of 7nm for QD0 and 20nm for QF1 above 0.1Hz. Vibration transfer function of FD and SM with their supports has been measured and show a good rigidity. Vertical relative motion between the SM and QD0 (QF1) was thus measured to be only of 5.1nm (6.5nm) with high ground motion representative of a shift period. Same measurements done in horizontal directions showed that tolerances were also respected (much less strict). Moreover, relative motion tolerances should be released due to the good motion correlation measured between FD. Thus the FD and SM supports have been validated on site at ATF2 to be within the vibration specifications

Benefit of adjuvant immunotherapy in renal cell carcinoma: A myth or a reality?

Background The benefit of adjuvant immunotherapy after nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is controversial. The present study aimed to examine the possible benefit of adjuvant immunotherapy in various clinical settings. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 436 patients with pT1-3N0-2M0 RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy with curative intent at our institution between 1981 and 2009. Of them, 98 (22.5%) patients received adjuvant interferon-α (IFN-α) after surgery (adjuvant IFN-α group), while 338 (77.5%) did not (control group). The primary endpoint was cancer-specific survival (CSS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. Results Fifty-two (11.9%) patients died from RCC with a median follow-up period of 96 months. Preliminary univariate analyses comparing CSS among treatment groups in each TNM setting revealed that CSS in the control group was equal or superior to that in the adjuvant IFN-α group in earlier stages, while the opposite trend was observed in more advanced stages. We evaluated the TNM cutoffs and demonstrated maximized benefit of adjuvant IFN-α in patients with pT2b-3cN0 (P = 0.0240). In multivariate analysis, ôpT3 and pN1-2 were independent predictors for poor CSS in all patients. In the subgroups with ôpT2 disease (n = 123), pN1-2 and no adjuvant treatment were significant poor prognostic factors. Conclusions Adjuvant immunotherapy after nephrectomy may be beneficial in pT2b-3cN0 RCC. Careful consideration is, however, required for interpretation of this observational study because of its selection bias and adverse effects of IFN-α