Energy and Macronutrient Intake of First-Year Football Players: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the energy intake and macronutrient breakdown of first-year football players at a Division III school. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship of dietary intake to clinical measures. Methods: Seventeen first-year football players completed a 24-Hour Diet Recall interview. Players had their height, weight, body composition, fasting blood glucose and cholesterol measured. Researchers provided measuring devices to help participants recall their food and liquid intake for the previous 24 hours. Independent T-tests were performed to examine the differences between skilled and lineman football players. Results: The athletes consumed an average of 4,103 kcals (range 1,283.4 kcals – 8,347.3 kcals) with the following macronutrient breakdown: 48% Carbohydrate, 35% Fat and 17% protein. Lineman were heavier, had higher Body Mass Index (BMI), larger waist circumferences (WC), higher percent body fat (BF), and higher fasting blood glucoses (p \u3e 0.05) than the skilled players. There were no differences in total kcals consumed, macronutrient composition, or water intake between two groups. Conclusion: Skilled and lineman football players had similar energy intakes; lineman had higher BMIs, WC, and BF. This would suggest that lineman expend lower amounts of energy than skilled players. This information combined with the higher blood glucose levels can be an indicator for a football player’s future health

Effect of Maceration on \u3ci\u3ein Sacco\u3c/i\u3e Degradability and Energy Content of Low-Moisture Round Bale Alfalfa Silage

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maceration on in sacco degradability and energy content of low-moisture alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage. The results of two treatments were compared: 1) maceration, in which the alfalfa was processed through a large- scale forage mat maker prior to wilting to approximately 50% DM content (FM treatment), and 2) conventional conditioning, in which the alfalfa was tedded and wilted to the same DM content as that in the FM treatment (CC treatment). Silage bales were chopped in 20-mm pieces for each experiment. In sacco degradabilities of DM, CP and NDF of silage stems were estimated with two fistulated cows incubated for 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. DE and ME contents of FM- and CC-treated silage were measured using a respiration chamber with two dry cows. In sacco DM degradability was similar for both FM- and CC- treated silage, but CP degradability of FM-treated silage was higher than that of CC-treated silage. There were no differences between FM- and CC-treated silage in DE, ME and TDN contents. These results suggested that maceration increased the degradable fraction of CP in the alfalfa stem. However, in chopped silage, maceration has no effects on digestibility and metabolizability of energy

Linear Collider Final Doublet Considerations: ATF2 Vibration Measurements

Original publication available at http://www.jacow.org/International audienceAt ATF2, to allow the Shintake Monitor located at the Interaction Point to measure the beam size with only 2% of error, vertical relative motion tolerance between SM (Shintake Monitor) and final doublet magnets (FD) is of 7nm for QD0 and 20nm for QF1 above 0.1Hz. Vibration transfer function of FD and SM with their supports has been measured and show a good rigidity. Vertical relative motion between the SM and QD0 (QF1) was thus measured to be only of 5.1nm (6.5nm) with high ground motion representative of a shift period. Same measurements done in horizontal directions showed that tolerances were also respected (much less strict). Moreover, relative motion tolerances should be released due to the good motion correlation measured between FD. Thus the FD and SM supports have been validated on site at ATF2 to be within the vibration specifications

High-precision CTE measurement of hybrid C/SiC composite for cryogenic space telescopes

This paper presents highly precise measurements of thermal expansion of a "hybrid" carbon-fiber reinforced silicon carbide composite, HB-Cesic\textregistered - a trademark of ECM, in the temperature region of \sim310-10K. Whilst C/SiC composites have been considered to be promising for the mirrors and other structures of space-borne cryogenic telescopes, the anisotropic thermal expansion has been a potential disadvantage of this material. HB-Cesic\textregistered is a newly developed composite using a mixture of different types of chopped, short carbon-fiber, in which one of the important aims of the development was to reduce the anisotropy. The measurements indicate that the anisotropy was much reduced down to 4% as a result of hybridization. The thermal expansion data obtained are presented as functions of temperature using eighth-order polynomials separately for the horizontal (XY-) and vertical (Z-) directions of the fabrication process. The average CTEs and their dispersion (1{\sigma}) in the range 293-10K derived from the data for the XY- and Z-directions were 0.805$\pm$0.003\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$ and 0.837\pm0.001\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$, respectively. The absolute accuracy and the reproducibility of the present measurements are suggested to be better than 0.01\times10$^{-6}$ K$^{-1}$ and 0.001\times(10)^{-6} K^{-1}, respectively. The residual anisotropy of the thermal expansion was consistent with our previous speculation regarding carbon-fiber, in which the residual anisotropy tended to lie mainly in the horizontal plane.Comment: Accepted by Cryogeincs. 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabll