Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with adenocarcinoma and high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix

Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) of the cervix is a malignant tumor and is classified into low and intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC), and large cells neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). SCNEC of the cervix is an Infrequent tumor with an incidence of less than 1% of all gynecological malignancies. It is characterized by small to medium-sized tumor cells with scant cytoplasm and neuroendocrine differentiation. Most cases of SCNEC of the cervix manifest in pure forms, and only cases show coexisting, non-neuroendocrine component of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. In this report, reviewing the literature, we present one such unique case of SCNEC of the cervix with adenocarcinoma and high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma with adenocarcinoma and high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix

Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN) of the cervix is a malignant tumor and is classified into low and intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET), and high-grade small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC), and large cells neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). SCNEC of the cervix is an Infrequent tumor with an incidence of less than 1% of all gynecological malignancies. It is characterized by small to medium-sized tumor cells with scant cytoplasm and neuroendocrine differentiation. Most cases of SCNEC of the cervix manifest in pure forms, and only cases show coexisting, non-neuroendocrine component of HPV-associated adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. In this report, reviewing the literature, we present one such unique case of SCNEC of the cervix with adenocarcinoma and high-grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasia

New Tools for Dengue Diagnostics

Dengue caused by four antigenically distinct serotype remains a serious health concern around the world, particularly in the tropical areas. Clinical signs and symptoms of this disease are indistinguishable from other infectious disease; therefore, laboratory diagnosis is very crucial for confirming the disease that will be useful for the patient’s management. In laboratory, dengue can be confirmed using cell culture, RNA detection, and serological detection based on ELISA and immunochromatographic test. However, each of these methods has certain practical limitations. Therefore, researchers from all over the world have been working to address these limitations. In this chapter, we will highlight the current research toward the development of novel point-of-care test for the diagnosis of dengue in acute and convalescent phase

Right Hemisphere Language Battery in Hindi

Communicative deficits are identified by the Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) which are otherwise attributed to a loss of memory, attention, or visual-perceptual skills. Tools to measure right hemisphere functions have been developed in only two Indian languages (Kannada and Malayalam), but no test has been developed in Hindi. Hundred participants were considered for the study. They were divided into three groups- eighty normal participants (Group-I) and ten Hindi speaking diagnosed right hemisphere vascular damaged participants (Group- II) and ten Hindi speaking diagnosed left hemisphere vascular damaged participants (Group-III). There is no significant difference existed between the performance of the participants between Right Hemisphere Language Battery (RHLB) and Right Hemisphere Language Battery in Hindi (RHLB-H) across all the subtests at α = 0.05 level of significance. A significant difference exists between the obtained mean scores among the normal control participants and Right Hemisphere Disorder (RHD) participants at α = 0.05 level significance. ANOVA test results showed that RHD participants had a significantly higher discourse error rating than either Left Hemisphere Disorder (LHD) or controls. Furthermore, the Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference (HSD) Post-Hoc test reveals that there is a decrease in the obtained mean scores from Normal Control participants to the LHD and RHD groups in order. It can thus be concluded that there is a significant difference in the mean scores across all the three groups

Are Medical Undergraduates Involved in Research? : A Cross Sectional Study in a Government Medical College in Telangana

Background: Research experience gained by the medical students during their undergraduate days plays a major role in their attitude towards research during the postgraduate period. Medical students have a limited understanding on research and translation of theory into practical is neglected in medical curriculum of developing world. This study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude and barriers towards conducting research among the medical undergraduates of a government medical college in Telangana. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 171 third year medical students of Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana from August to October 2021. A pretested, semi structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-20.0 and descriptive statistics were used to summarize it. Results: Out of 171 students, more than 90% of them had poor knowledge on research and 67.1% were interested in research. Only 2.3% have conducted research projects. Lack of guidance (89.5%), lack of knowledge (86.5%) and lack of time (48%) are some of the barriers faced by the students. Conclusion: This study revealed that students are having poor knowledge despite of having positive attitude towards research. Training of faculties, adequate motivation and guidance are needed to improve the indulgence of students in research activities

Pittala (Brass) in Traditional Indian Knowledge System: A Review

Brass (Pittala) is a very popular and common metal alloy typically comprised of 66% copper and 34% zinc. Undoubtedly, it has a much longer history than Zinc. Ayurvedic treatises such as Charaka Samhita (2nd century BC) and Sushruta Samhita (3rd century BC) have mentioned some instruments used for various therapies and surgical procedures made of Pittala such as Jeevah-nirlekhana (tongue scarper), Vasti Netra etc. The original Sanskrit equivalent for brass was Riti, the word Pittala being subsequently adopted for it. In Kautilya Arthasastra (4th century) it is known as Arakuta. Pittala kills a large number of microorganisms within a few minutes to hours of contact. So, it is a good antifouling material. Its ethno-medicinal use is in Raktapitta, Krimi, Kushta and Pandu Roga. Probably, there is no available literary research study done on Pittala so far. Most of the information is obtained from Rasa Ratan Samuchchaya. Pittala Bhasma retains the property of both Tamra (copper) and Yashada (zinc). It has Tikta Rasa (bitter taste), and its Virya (temperament) is either Ushna (hot) or Sheeta (cold), which depends on the variety of Pittala and various drugs used in the process to make Bhasma. It appears from the thorough search of the process of Marana, that its Bhasma preparation is easier than Tamra

Study of resistivity of amorphous binary alloy using mode-coupling method

39-45The mode-coupling approximation in electron-phonon interaction, which has opened a new approach for the description of electrical transport in high resistor conductors, liquid transition metals and strongly disordered systems has been extended to solid amorphous binary alloys. A simplified expression for electrical conductivity of amorphous alloys has been obtained in terms of current relaxation kernel and density relaxation kernel by adding electron-phonon coupling term in the Hamiltonian. The structure factor is allowed to vary with temperature and the product of the coupling coefficient with the static structure factor has been replaced by the T-matrix in Born approximation as in extended Ziman-Evans model. A modified formula purporting variation of packing fraction with temperature and concentration has been used to derive the TCR. The same form of packing fraction has been used for structure factors as well. Also the thermoelectric power has been calculated to verify Mooij law and study its variation with temperature. The case study of NixP1-x alloy with x=0.85 and 0.75 has been undertaken and results tested for valence values z =1.03, 1.10, 1.21 at x=.85 and z =1.28, 1.33 at x=.75 with atomic volumes 75.5, 76.60 au. It has been found that the model satisfies the experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively

A study of radon and thoron concentration in the soils along the active fault of NW Himalayas in India

The Study has been conducted to analyse the radon and thoron flux in the soils of Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh. The detectors have been rooted at seventy one lithological locations in the north-eastern part of the district.  The average values of radon concentration has been observed as 4541 Bq/m3 with maximum of 19970 Bq/m3 at location no 3 and minimum of 867 Bq/m3 at location no 57 and the Thoron variation ranges from 37 to 6970 Bq/m3 with an average value of 1778 Bq/m3. The radon liberation at different positions has been correlated to the presence of the active fault to reveal the contributory aspects for abnormal release of radon in the soils. The spatial distribution of Radon and Thoron gas along the lines passing through the fault zones have unveiled the variances connected to the local tectonic structures. Radon exhalation rates, radium contents and porosity of soil samples have been calculated and a correlation factor of 0.64 has been detected for the observed concentrations of thoron and the porosity of the soil

Ampullary Neuroendocrine Tumor With Multiple Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in a Patient with Von Recklinghausen’s Disease Patient: A Case Report

Von Recklinghausen’s disease (VRD) is a hereditary disease that occurs because of mutation in NF1 gene located on chromosome 17. About 25% of VRD patients are reported to suffer from gastrointestinal lesions varying from hyperplasia of the gut neural tissue, endocrine tumors of the duodenum and the periampullary region, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Herein, we describe a case of ampullary neuroendocrine tumor with unique histology and immunohistochemistry in a 35-year-old male patient with VRD, detailed review of literature