Applications for Multicore System

A multi-core processor is a single computing unit with two or more processors (“cores”). These cores are integrated into a single IC for enhanced performance, reduced power consumption and more efficient simultaneous processing of multiple tasks. Homogeneous multi-core systems include only identical cores, whereas heterogeneous multi-core systems have cores that are not identical. Most of the computers and workstations these days have multicore processors. However most software programs are not designed to make use of multi-core processors and hence even though we run these programs on the new machines equipped with multicore processors, we don’t see sizable improvements in application performance. The idea behind improved performance is in parallelizing the code and distributing the work amongst multiple cores, but writing programming logic to achieve this is complex. The conventional model of lock-based parallelism for writing such programs is difficult in use, error-prone and does not always lead to efficient use of the resources but with the help of OpenMP, programmers have enhanced support for parallel programming. In this work I have implemented quicksort algorithm using OpenMP library and analysed the performance in terms of execution time

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma: an incidental finding in laparotomy for tubo-ovarian mass in woman aged 35 years

Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) is a precursor lesion for high-grade pelvic serous carcinoma. The incidence of STIC is estimated to occur in 0.6% to 6% of women who are BRCA positive or have a strong family history of breast or ovarian cancer. We report a rare case of serous tubal Intraepithelial carcinoma in young woman undergoing laparotomy for tubo-ovarian mass who diagnosed STIC on histopathological examination of specimen. Women diagnosed incidentally at surgery for benign condition should be considered for repeat surgical staging. Etiology and management are similar to epithelial ovarian cancer but stage at diagnosis, lymphatic spread and overall survival appear to be different.

Synthesis of (1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-amine by Electrochemical Methods in Aprotic Media

The formation of (1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1,4-dihydroquinolin-4-yl)-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-amine by the electro reduction of (1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H-quinolin-4-ylidene)-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-amine occurs through acceptance of two electrons accompanied by two successive peaks, each electron peak followed by a chemical reaction. The electrochemical reduction of (1-ethyl-2-phenyl-1H-quinolin-4-ylidene)- (2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-amine was investigated in 0.1 M tetrabutylammoniumbromide in N,N-dimethylformamide at glassy carbon electrode using the technique of cyclic voltammetry at the room temperature (290K). In this medium the first peak was observed at –0.831 V (vs. Ag|Ag+) at the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, which is more stable and well defined as compared to the second peak. The diffusion coefficient (D) of investigated imine in the investigated solvent media has been calculated using the modified Randles-Sevcik equation. The electron transfer coefficient (α) of the reactant species has also been calculated. (doi: 10.5562/cca1855

Pseudo broad ligament fibroid mimicking ovarian malignancy: a case report

Fibroids are smooth muscle benign tumors. They arise most commonly from the uterus but may also rise from extra uterine sites like broad ligament. Uterine fibroids are the most common myomas, while uterine cervix and intraligamentary fibroids are statistically less frequent. This case report of Pseudo broad ligament fibroid with extensive cystic degeneration is presented for its rarity and diagnostic challenges as they mimic pelvic adenexal tumors. Following is the case report of a 40 year old, P4L4, postmenopausal female admitted in the department due to a diagnosed solid lesion in the left adnexa. Patient was asymptomatic 3 months back when she noted gradual swelling and distention over the abdomen. On abdomen examination, a generalized mass was palpable with minimal ascites. On ultrasonography, a large heterogenous mass measuring 200X215 mm seen in pelvic region, arising from left adnexa and extending towards abdomen. During laparotomy, left sided fibroid was removed and sent for frozen section analysis. Histopathological reports revealed spindle cells arranged in fascicles and interlacing bundle with focal areas of myxoid degeneration. Huge pseudo-broad ligament leiomyoma with cystic degeneration may present diagnostic difficulties in differentiating ovarian malignancies even on ultrasound and MRI. This differential diagnosis must be considered prior to surgical management.

On Chaplygin’s Method For First Order Neutral Differential Equation

In this paper we discuss the existence of a solution of a first order neutral differential equation with piecewise constant argument. We extend the method of Chaplygin’s sequence to obtain two sided bounds for the solution. These bounds are in the form of sequences of functions which are solutions of associated linear neutral differential equations with piecewise constant argument. This construction of monotonic sequences of upper and lower functions approximate, with increasing accuracy, the desired solution of the neutral differential equation with piecewise constant argument. Further we show that these sequences converge uniformly and monotonically to the unique solution of the equation.The error estimate obtained is better than the corresponding one for ordinary differential equations

A Review on Vitamin D Deficiency

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in bone metabolism and seems to have some anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. In addition, recent epidemiologic studies have observed relationships between low vitamin D levels and multiple disease states. Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased overall and cardiovascular mortality, cancer incidence and mortality, and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Although it is well known that the combination of vitamin D and calcium is necessary to maintain bone density as people age, vitamin D may also be an independent risk factor for falls among the elderly. Vitamin D had been linked to skeletal disease including calcium, phosphorus, and bone metabolism, osteoporosis, fractures, muscle strength, and falls. In the 2000s, growing scientific attention turned to non-skeletal chronic diseases as vitamin D deficiency was linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, infectious diseases, and autoimmune diseases, as well as mortality

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a clinical study in a rural tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: The aim of study was to find out the frequency and clinical outcome in hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) in a rural tertiary care centre. Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy is a commonest medical disorder which constitutes about 12-22% of all pregnancies and it is a major cause of maternal morbidity as well as mortality world wide.Methods: It is a retrospective hospital-based study to find out the clinical outcome in different hypertensive disorder of pregnancy in a rural tertiary care centre of western Uttar Pradesh.Results: Present study showed the prevalence of HDP was 4.01% among the study population. Most of the patients were primipara ,unbooked and less than 25 years of age. The most common HDP was mild preeclampsia  and HELLP was its commonest  complication.Conclusions: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) is still a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. Authors intend to aware the pregnant women regarding high risk factors of pregnancy and motivate them for regular antenatal care so that  complications of  hypertensive disorders can be  managed timely

Interesting malignant renal tumours: a tripod of cases

Renal malignancy is the 15th leading cause of annual deaths, with late detection and misdiagnosis leading to decreased patient survival. We hereby present three cases of malignant renal tumours which grabbed our attention because of their rarity and interesting presentation. Case 1-A 38 year old male presented with palpable lump in right flank, CT revealed a multilocular cystic lesion in right kidney, along with horse-shoe kidneys. In view of renal biopsy suggesting Tubulocystic carcinoma, patient underwent nephrectomy and diagnosis confirmed to be the same histomorphologically as well as immunohistochemically using AMACR and PR. Case 2-A 77-year-old male had lower urinary tract symptoms due to prostatomegaly, and a left renal mass and small hepatic cysts were detected incidentally. Kidney function was normal. Microscopy showed Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, which was confirmed with immunohistochemical markers CK7 and CKIT. Case 3-A 50 year female presented with recurrent lump in her left flank, CT confirmed a huge left renal fossa mass. Biopsy showed features of malignant mesenchymal neoplasm consistent with leiomyosarcoma based on immunohistochemical panel of vimentin, h-Caldesmon, SMA, EMA, HMB-45 and S100, which helped in differentiating it from tumours like angiomyolipoma. Renal tumours have varied morphological overlapping and it is important to rule out close differentials using immunohistochemistry before coming to a diagnosis. Awareness of such presentations and findings can broaden our understanding of renal tumours which can help in early and accurate diagnosis for better outcome of the patient

Formulation Development & Evaluation of Buffered Tablet of Proton Pump Inhibitors Drug Rabeprazole Sodium

The aim of present study was to prepare buffered tablets of acid labile drug, Rabeprazole sodium for oral administration using buffering agents to protect a drug from gastric fluid. Rabeprazole belongs to a class of antisecretory compounds (substituted benzimidazole proton-pump inhibitors) that do not exhibit anticholinergic or histamine H2-receptor antagonist properties, but suppress gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the gastric H+, K+ATPase at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cell. Rabeprazole blocks the final step of gastric acid secretion. The tablets were prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method. The formulations contain water soluble buffers such as sodium bicarbonate and trisodium phosphate as well as water insoluble buffers as magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide and calcium carbonate and crospovidone as superdisintegrant. Preformulation studies like angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, hausner’s ratios, DSC and drug/excipient compatibility study were conducted and evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug content, disintegration and in-vitro dissolution. In the present study, pH of F6 batch was found to be optimum and disintegration time is 42 sec. The drug release was found to show maximum drug release in case of F6 with 99.3% in 60 minutes. In case of stability studies study of the optimized batch, all the results were found to be satisfactory and within limits. There were no significant changes after the period of 1 month study. Keywords: Rabeprazole sodium, Proton-pump inhibitors, Buffered tablet, Superdisintegrants, Buffering agent

Comprehensive Review Of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insights, Challenges, And Prospects

This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted landscape of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), encompassing its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment approaches, and the impact on patients' quality of life. The review delves into the global prevalence of RA, demographic patterns, and associated risk factors, shedding light on the complex interplay of genetics, immunology, and environmental triggers in disease development. The pathophysiological mechanisms involving immunological dysregulation, genetic factors, and environmental triggers are elucidated, providing a foundation for understanding the intricate processes driving RA. Detailed insights into the clinical manifestations of RA, including joint involvement, extra-articular manifestations, and the progression of the disease, are provided. The diagnostic landscape is explored, covering the ACR/EULAR classification criteria, diagnostic imaging, and laboratory tests that facilitate accurate and timely identification of RA. Treatment approaches, from pharmacological therapies like DMARDs and biologics to non-pharmacological interventions such as physical and occupational therapy, emphasizing a holistic management strategy. The economic burden of RA, its impact on healthcare utilization, and the broader societal implications are scrutinized, providing valuable insights into the challenges faced by both individuals and healthcare systems. Prevention and disease management strategies are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of early intervention, patient education, and public health initiatives in mitigating the impact of RA. Current challenges in RA management are outlined, with proposed future research directions aimed at advancing understanding and treatment