Evaluation of fatty acid profile with special reference to hypertension intake from marine edible fishes

The present study describes the changes in fatty acid profile in hypertension patients by up taking the marine edible fishes Elutherenema tetradactylum, Sphyraena obtusata and Siganus javus because these marine edible fishes are rich in ? –fatty acids.  In this study the total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were significantly decreased from 211.9 – 202.1 mg/dl, 177-159.6 mg/dl. The palmitic acid (C16:0) was found significantly higher in all of peoples compared with other SFAs. This study revealed that the most abundant in individual FAs 16:0,18:0,18:1 n9 and 20:2 n6 were present in blood in both before and after dietary intake. The minimal changes of SFAs levels were decreased averagely from 59.2 to 52.2%. In addition to above PUFAs also increased from 27.7-30.5%. The essential FAs like ALA (C18:3n3), EPA (C20:5n3) and DHA (C22:6n3) were accounting in the range of 2.64-2.92%, 3.67-3.94% and 3.65-4.38%. Omega – 6/3 ratio were recorded from 1.77-2.45%. This study proves the marine edible fishes reduce the hypertension of the patients. Keywords: Edible fishes, ? –fatty acids, SFAs, HDL and LD

Bioactive potential of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus from Devanampattinam, Southeast coast of India

The present investigation elucidates the bioactive potential of aqueous extract of sea urchin Temnopleurus toreumaticus. In this investigation biochemical, heamolytic, cytotoxic and FT-IR analysis were followed by standard methods. In biochemical analysis, proteins content 2.70 mgmL-1, total carbohydrates content 2.15 mgmL-1 and total lipids content 0.03 mgmL-1 were showed in aqueous extract of sea urchin. In heamolytic assay, the goat and chicken erythrocytes showed the maximum 64 Hemolytic Unit (HU) and human blood group “A” shows 32 HU, blood group “B” shows 64 HU, blood group “AB” shows 32 HU and blood group “O” shows 128 HU. In cytotoxic study, aqueous extract of sea urchin showed LC50 value 0.12±0.09 mgmL-1 concentration was showed 50% mortality. In antimicrobial assay, maximum zone inhibition 12.26 ± 0.6 mm showed by K. oxytoca and 3.33 ± 0.9 mm showed by Mucor sp. against chloroform extract of sea urchin T. toreumaticus. Thin layer chromatogram showed the spots of Rf values of 0.38, 0.85 cm. The FT-IR study shows the presence of functional groups such as chloroalkanes, bromoalkanes, iodoalkanes, alcohols groups, acids or aromatic ethers, methyl alkyl groups, 1° amines groups and ammonium ions. These results indicate that, sea urchin has remarkable hemolytic and cytotoxic activities.Keywords: Antimicrobial Assay, Biochemical, FT-IR, Sea Urchin, Heamolyti

What information and the extent of information research participants need in informed consent forms: a multi-country survey

Background: The use of lengthy, detailed, and complex informed consent forms (ICFs) is of paramount concern in biomedical research as it may not truly promote the rights and interests of research participants. The extent of information in ICFs has been the subject of debates for decades; however, no clear guidance is given. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of research participants about the type and extent of information they need when they are invited to participate in biomedical research. Methods: This multi-center, cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted at 54 study sites in seven Asia-Pacific countries. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each element in the ICF among research participants of a biomedical study, with an anchored rating scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). Results: Of the 2484 questionnaires distributed, 2113 (85.1%) were returned. The majority of respondents considered most elements required in the ICF to be \u27moderately important\u27 to \u27very important\u27 for their decision making (mean score, ranging from 3.58 to 4.47). Major foreseeable risk, direct benefit, and common adverse effects of the intervention were considered to be of most concerned elements in the ICF (mean score = 4.47, 4.47, and 4.45, respectively). Conclusions: Research participants would like to be informed of the ICF elements required by ethical guidelines and regulations; however, the importance of each element varied, e.g., risk and benefit associated with research participants were considered to be more important than the general nature or technical details of research. Using a participant-oriented approach by providing more details of the participant-interested elements while avoiding unnecessarily lengthy details of other less important elements would enhance the quality of the ICF

Volatile bioactive compounds from marine macro-algae and their pharmacological properties

832-842The present study is aimed at identification of bioactive compounds and their pharmacological properties of four macro-algae (Hydropuntia edulis, Halymenia venusta, Ulva lactuca and Padina gymnospora) from the Hare Island, Tuticorin district of Tamil Nadu, India. The characterization of ethanol extracted compounds was done using GC-MS techniques. The major secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenol, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and tannins were recorded from all the algal samples. The numbers of major volatile compounds recorded in the GC-MS analysis are 32, 19, 8 and 14 in H. edulis, H. venusta, U. lactuca and P. gymnospora, respectively. All these identified compounds could be of therapeutic values for many acute and chronic diseases and disorders. These secondary metabolites belong to alkanes, aliphatic amines, aromatics, aldehydes, 1°, 2° amines and ketone groups. Many of these characterized compounds could be used for therapeutic purposes