Augmenting Numerical Stability of the Galerkin Finite Element Formulation for Electromagnetic Flowmeter Analysis

The magnetic flow meter is one of the best possible choice for the measurement of flow rate of liquid metals in fast breeder reactors. Due to the associated complexities in the measuring environment, theoretical evaluation of their sensitivity is always preferred. In order to consider the 3D nature of the problem and the general flow patterns, numerical field computational approach is inevitable. When classical Galerkin's finite element formulation is employed for the solution, it is known to introduce numerical oscillations at high flow rates. The magnetic field produced by the flow induced currents circulate within the fluid and forms the source of this numerical problem. To overcome this, modified methods like stream-line upwind Petrov-Galerkin schemes are generally suggested in the allied areas like fluid dynamics, in which a similar dominance of advective (curl or circulation) component occurs over diffusion (divergence) component. After a careful analysis of the numerical instability through a reduced one dimensional problem, an elegant stable approach is devised. In this scheme, a pole-zero cancellation approach is adopted. The proposed scheme is shown to be absolutely stable. However, at lower flow rates numerical results exhibits small oscillation, which can be controlled by reducing the element size. The source of stability at higher flow rates, as well as, oscillations at lower flow rates are analysed using analytical solution of the associated difference equation. Finally the proposed approach is applied to the original flow meter problem and the solution is shown to be stable.Comment: IET Science, Measurement & Technology, 201

An Observational Notes on Land Tortoises, Freshwater Turtles and Their Conservation in Corbette Tiger Reserve (CTR), Uttrakhand, India

A four months camera trap study was under taken for tigers and its co-predators, in Corbette tiger reserve in Uttrakhand from June to October 2007 (peak rainy season) in this region. Along with the camera trap work, most of the trails and camera trap spots are visited on foot. Mostly all the half dried river streams are covered during early monsoon and different animals are sighted are recorded including the turtles. The land tortoises like Sal forest Tortoise (Indotestudo elongate), Indian Black turtle (Melanochelys trijuga) and fresh water terrapin Indian soft shell  (Aspideretes gangeticus)  are encountered in the survey. Keywords: Turtles,  tortoise, Corbette tiger reserve, rivers. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-11-04 Publication date:September 30th 202

A Comparative Analysis of OLSR Routing Protocol based on PSO and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO) in Manets

New developments in wireless communication have enabled the use of highly efficient and inexpensive wireless receivers in a variety of portable applications. Each node in a mobile network is a mobile device that independently organizes its own connection to the others and manages its own data transmissions. The adaptability, scalability, and cost reduction of mobile networks have attracted considerable attention. Because mobile networks are constantly changing, problems with routing and power usage are common. High error rates, energy limitations, and inadequate bandwidth are just a few of the issues plaguing mobile ad hoc networks. The relevance of routing protocols in dynamic multi-hop networks like Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) has drawn the attention of many scholars. In this paper, we focus on  implementing an OLSR(Optimised Link State  Routing) protocol and evaluates its performance using two optmisation algorithm: Particle Swarm Optimization(OLSR) and Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO). The simulation result suggests that PSO is superior to both CSO and the conventional OLSR routing technique. We implemented using NS-2 simulator for simulation and NAM for network animation

Ectrodactyly-lobster claw deformity

Lobster-claw deformity, also called as ectrodactyly is an uncommon congenital presentation occurring in the hand due to longitudinal failure of development of second, third or fourth ray. It occurs in 1 to 4 newborns in 100,000 live births. It occurs mostly due to consanguineous marriage but can also occur in the non - consanguineous marriage. This deformity is usually associated with ectodermal defects, mental retardation, deafness, orofacial clefting and tibial aplasia. A 6-year-old boy was brought to the Department of Orthopedics in a Private Medical Hospital, Chennai, with deformity of left hand since birth. The affected hand had a wide median cleft and, there was deformity of flexion of the ring and index finger with absence of middle finger. The other hand and both feet were normal. On radio-imaging, left hand showed transversely oriented bone between third and fourth metacarpal and phalanges of middle finger were absent except for rudimentary proximal phalanx. No other congenital defects were present other than this. The child was born to non-consanguineous parents with no significant family history. The treatment for this anomaly is complete surgical excision of transverse bone with partial excision of the third metacarpal and apposition of the second and fourth metacarpal by absorbable sutures which leads to a smaller cleft. If required, flexion contracture of ring and index finger will be corrected

Study on the Population Dynamics and Habitat Occupancy of Blackbuck (Antilope Cervicapra) in Ganjam District, Odisha, India

The habitat use and spreading of blackbuck population was studied during a Government of India funded research project during the Feb-1998 to March 2005 in Balipadar- Bhetnoi blackbuck reserve, Ganjam district, southern Odisha, India. The seasonal variation in vegetation abundance especially in herbs, shrubs and low height scrubs and trees are greatly marked. The topography of the study area is undulated with highlands ranging from 20mts MSL to 100 mts MSL The district receives rainfall of  1551.6mm in interior to 1148.6mm of rainfall in the coastal area. But the area shows severe dryness and most of the habitat behaves semi-arid conditions during the summer season. The overall dryness during summer   causes in shrinkage of forage grounds. The animal did movement in greater area in search of forage and water. Some times the animal are confined to the water bodies like small to medium check dams, stream beds and  low laying area in the cropland habitat.  The migration pattern of these animals depends on the topography, vegetation cover, terrine and rainfall (flooding) and different anthropological pressures. The local people do not harm to the beautiful and harmless animal. They protect blackbuck in a socio- religious aspect and conservation starts a century ago.  The past distribution area was so small that to the present distribution. The animal congregate to so large herds during mass forage after post harvest of paddy crops. The blackbuck   did assemblage in large numbers touching hundred of individuals in open countryside cropland habitat. The diurnal activity pattern including the group structure also changed according to the vegetation pattern and environmental factors in different seasons. Keywords: foraging pattern, blackbuck, habitat, vegetation pattern, rainfall, topography, cropping pattern, terrine, environmental factors, migration

An unusual bilateral variation of musculocutaneous nerve.

Musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord (C5,6,7) of brachial plexus. Communications between the branches of brachial plexus are not so common. During routine dissection, we observed bilateral variation in 60-year-old female cadaver. In the present case, median nerve represented as a musculocutaneous nerve which supplied biceps brachii and brachialis, further continued into forearm as lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm on the right arm. This branch did not pass through coracobrachialis muscle but the coracobrachialis was innervated by a branch from lateral cord of brachial plexus. We also observed an abnormal communicating branch between the musculocutaneous and median nerve on left side of the arm. These kinds of variations are important for surgeons while performing surgeries of axilla and upperlimb

5M: Multi-Instance Multi-Cluster based Weakly Supervised MIL Model for Multimedia Data Mining

The high pace rise in online as well as offline multimedia unannotated data and associated mining applications have demanded certain efficient mining algorithm. Multiple instance learning (MIL) has emerged as one of the most effective solutions for huge unannotated data mining. Still, it requires enhancement in instance selection to enable optimal mining and classification of huge multimedia data. Considering critical multimedia mining applications, such as medical data processing or content based information retrieval, the instance verification can be of great significance to optimize MIL. With this motivation, in this paper, Multi-Instance, Multi-Cluster based MIL scheme (MIMC-MIL) has been proposed to perform efficient multimedia data mining and classification with huge unannotated data with different features. The proposed system employs softmax approximation techniques with a novel loss factor and inter-instance distance based weight estimation scheme for instance probability substantiation in bags