Analysis of Blackhole Attack in AODV and DS

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) are supreme ruler and demoralization wireless scheme. MANETs are infrastructure less i.e. their structure is not fixed, and the nodes be able to move about and can leave the network whenever they want. The nodes are to perform as more over router and host. In MANETs, the node can be in contact with every node as their configuration is not fixed and the nodes starts transmitting the packets to each other for the establishment of the connection. To hitch the link, the nodes make use of some routing protocols like Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and DestinationSequenced Distance Vector (DSDV). Security in MANET is the key matter meant for the fundamental utility of network. There are many attacks caused in MANET. Blackhole attack is one that occurs in MANET. A Black hole attack is an attack where the node, which is malicious advertise itself as having the optimal route to the destination and drops all the packets instead of forwarding further to the destination. Here, we have shown the blackhole attack in AODV and DSR. Through simulation we evaluate the performance of the two above protocols under blackhole attack

A CLINICAL STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF STRESS IN TYPE -2 DIABETES MELLITUS (MADHUMEHA) WITH ASHWAGANDHA (WITHANIA SOMNIFERA)

Extensive worldwide research on diabetes has established the complexities of the relationship between stress and diabetes. Evidence suggests that stress can affect diabetes, in terms of both its onset and exacerbation. Stress can have a deleterious effect on glycaemic control and can affect quality of life in diabetics. On the other hand emerging evidence strongly suggests that interventions that help individuals prevent or cope with stress can have an important positive effect on quality of life and glycaemic control.In this clinical study we have approached to assess the different stresses like Emotional burden, Physician related distress, Regimen related distress & Interpersonal distress in Type – 2 diabetic populations with Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS). Those diabetics having a considerable stress level (DDS Score > 3) were given treatment with Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) capsules for six weeks and once again their stress level was reassessed.Ashwagandha significantly reduced the stress level and other stress related complains along with a better glycemic control as compared to placebo without any adverse effect. The positive effect of the drug also continued for another six weeks even after withdrawing the medication.Therefore Ashwagandha can offer comprehensive benefits as an adjuvant in Type – 2 diabetics suffering from stress

Residential Demand Side Management model, optimization and future perspective: A review

The residential load sector plays a vital role in terms of its impact on overall power balance, stability, and efficient power management. However, the load dynamics of the energy demand of residential users are always nonlinear, uncontrollable, and inelastic concerning power grid regulation and management. The integration of distributed generations (DGs) and advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) even though handles the related issues and challenges up to some extent, till the flexibility, energy management and scheduling with better planning are necessary for the residential sector to achieve better grid stability and efficiency. To address these issues, it is indispensable to analyze the demand-side management (DSM) for the complex residential sector considering various operational constraints, objectives, identifying various factors that affect better planning, scheduling, and management, to project the key features of various approaches and possible future research directions. This review has been done based on the related literature to focus on modeling, optimization methods, major objectives, system operation constraints, dominating factors impacting overall system operation, and possible solutions enhancing residential DSM operation. Gaps in future research and possible prospects have been discussed briefly to give a proper insight into the current implementation of DSM. This extensive review of residential DSM will help all the researchers in this area to innovate better energy management strategies and reduce the effect of system uncertainties, variations, and constraints

Demand Side Management of Electric Vehicles in Smart Grids: A survey on strategies, challenges, modeling, and optimization

The shift of transportation technology from internal combustion engine (ICE) based vehicles to electricvehicles (EVs) in recent times due to their lower emissions, fuel costs, and greater efficiency hasbrought EV technology to the forefront of the electric power distribution systems due to theirability to interact with the grid through vehicle-to-grid (V2G) infrastructure. The greater adoptionof EVs presents an ideal use-case scenario of EVs acting as power dispatch, storage, and ancillaryservice-providing units. This EV aspect can be utilized more in the current smart grid (SG) scenarioby incorporating demand-side management (DSM) through EV integration. The integration of EVswith DSM techniques is hurdled with various issues and challenges addressed throughout thisliterature review. The various research conducted on EV-DSM programs has been surveyed. This reviewarticle focuses on the issues, solutions, and challenges, with suggestions on modeling the charginginfrastructure to suit DSM applications, and optimization aspects of EV-DSM are addressed separatelyto enhance the EV-DSM operation. Gaps in current research and possible research directions have beendiscussed extensively to present a comprehensive insight into the current status of DSM programsemployed with EV integration. This extensive review of EV-DSM will facilitate all the researchersto initiate research for superior and efficient energy management and EV scheduling strategies andmitigate the issues faced by system uncertainty modeling, variations, and constraints

An insight into the integration of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems with smart distribution networks using demand-side management

Demand-side management (DSM) is a significant component of the smart grid. DSM without sufficient generation capabilities cannot be realized; taking that concern into account, the integration of distributed energy resources (solar, wind, waste-to-energy, EV, or storage systems) has brought effective transformation and challenges to the smart grid. In this review article, it is noted that to overcome these issues, it is crucial to analyze demand-side management from the generation point of view in considering various operational constraints and objectives and identifying multiple factors that affect better planning, scheduling, and management. In this paper, gaps in the research and possible prospects are discussed briefly to provide a proper insight into the current implementation of DSM using distributed energy resources and storage. With the expectation of an increase in the adoption of various types of distributed generation, it is estimated that DSM operations can offer a valuable opportunity for customers and utility aggregators to become active participants in the scheduling, dispatch, and market-oriented trading of energy. This review of DSM will help develop better energy management strategies and reduce system uncertainties, variations, and constraints

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Comparative evaluation of various methods of diagnosis of malaria and assessment of hematological parameters in malarial infection: A three year prospective study in tertiary care hospital of western Odisha

Background:Malaria remains a substantial health problem in many parts of world, especially in the tropical developing nations. Management of malaria requires early and accurate diagnosis.  The aim of this study was to measure and compare the diagnostic accuracy of different methods of diagnosis of malaria and to study the limitations mostly due to low parasite density. We also evaluate the haematological changes in malaria patients.Material and methods: The study was conducted on blood samples of patients presenting with pyrexia, attending the various Departments of VSS Institute of Medical Science &Research,Burla, Sambalpur. Blood samples were subjected to thick and thin blood smear examination, QBC method and Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs). Haematological parameters including haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, differential count and total platelet count of malaria positive cases were studied. Results: Out of 186 cases of fever, 105 patients were positive for malaria by thick peripheral blood smears. Plasmodium falciparum  constitutes 86.66% whereas P. vivax and mixed infections constitute 8.57% and 4.77% respectively of total malaria . The sensitivity of QBC test approached 100% with parasite densities above 500/cu.mm.Antigen detection method was found to be highly sensitive (92.70%) for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infection.&nbsp

A comprehensive review on demand side management and market design for renewable energy support and integration

The traditional power system is facing significant transformations due to the integration of emerging technologies, renewable energy sources (RES), and storage devices. This review focuses on the shift from centralized to decentralized control, enhancing flexibility for stakeholders, and the challenges it entails. The paper identifies the problem of limited adaptability in traditional power systems, which restricts stakeholder flexibility and renewable energy source integration. To address this, the paper proposes a transition to a decentralized system. It explores the effects of power system privatization and restructuring, fostering a competitive market across generation, transmission, and distribution levels. It discusses how integrating distributed generations (DGs) and demand-side management (DSM) with ICT protocols can enhance power system control and management efficiency and reliability. The review delves into the challenges of deregulated electricity market (DEM), especially integrating new generation sources and promoting prosumer participation. It proposes leveraging DSM to manage supply–demand variability and support renewable generation integration in distribution sectors. It also discusses the necessity for renewable power producers to develop effective market bidding strategies. The review concludes with key findings and future research directions, providing an overview of the evolving energy market’s trajectory. It aims to inform sustainable and efficient power system discourse and future policy and decision-making