Modeling uncertainties in performance of object recognition

Efficient probability modeling is indispensable for uncertainty quantification of the recognition data. If the model assumptions do not reflect the intrinsic nature of data and associated random variables, then a strong performance measure will most likely fail to come up with a correct match for recognition. In this paper we propose the probability models for two kinds of data obtained with two distinct goals of recognition: identification and discovery. We consider both frequentisi and Bayesian approaches for drawing inferences from the data

Morphological Analysis of the Human Internal Iliac Artery in South Indian Population

Objectives: The accidental hemorrhage is common due to erroneous interpretation of the variant arteries during surgical procedures, hence the present study has been undertaken with reference to its morphological significance. The objectives were to examine the level of origin, length and the branching pattern of the human internal iliac artery in South Indian population. Methods: The study included 60 human bisected pelvises irrespective of their side and sex. The specimens were collected from the anatomy laboratory and were fixed with the formalin. The branching patterns were studied and demonstrated as per the guidelines of Adachi. Results: The origin of internal iliac artery was at the level of S1 vertebra in majority (58.3%) of the cases. The average length of internal iliac artery was 37 ± 4.62 mm (range, 13-54 mm). The type I pattern of the internal iliac artery was most common (83.5%) followed by types III and II. The type IV and V pattern of adachi were not observed. Conclusions: The results of this study were different from those reported by others and may be because of racial and geographical variations. Prior knowledge of the anatomical variations is beneficial for the vascular surgeons ligating the internal iliac artery or its branches and the radiologists interpreting angiograms of the pelvic region

Development and Wind Tunnel Evaluation of a SMA Based Trim Tab Actuator for a Civil Aircraft

This paper presents about the development and wind tunnel evaluation of an SMA based smart trim tab for a typical 2 seater civil aircraft. SMA actuator was housed in the port side of the elevator for actuating the trim tab. Wind tunnel tests were conducted on a full scale Horizontal Tail model with Elevator and Trim Tab at free stream speeds of 25, 35 & 45 m/sec and also for a number of deflections of the elevator (30° up, 0° neutral & 25° down) and trim-tab 11° & 21° up and 15° & 31° down). To measure the hinge moment experienced by the trim-tab at various test conditions, two miniaturized balances were designed and fabricated. Gain scheduled proportional integral controller was developed to control the SMA actuated smart trim tab. It was confirmed during the tests that the trim-tab could be controlled at the desired position against the aerodynamic loads acting on it for the various test conditions

A comparative prospective study to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of pantoprazole monotherapy versus pantoprazole and itopride dual therapy in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common chronic, relapsing condition that carries a risk of significant morbidity and potential mortality from resultant complications. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) remained as the main stay in the therapy of GERD but they do not have any role in increasing the tone of lower esophageal sphincter which is the main pathophysiology of GERD. In this regard addition of prokinetic agent like Itopride may be beneficial in improving the symptoms associated with GERD. So the present study has been taken to compare the healing rates of esophagitis and reduction in symptom scores associated with GERD between Pantoprazole monotherapy and Pantoprazole plus Itopride combination.Methods: 100 patients diagnosed with GERD were randomly assigned into two groups, Group A and Group B. Group A received tablet Pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily alone and group B received tablet Pantoprazole 40 mg twice daily and tablet Itopride 50 mg thrice daily 30 minutes before food for 4 weeks. The patients were followed up at the end of 4 weeks and were given the questionnaire to assess the FSSG scores. Endoscopy and FSSG scores were recorded and then the percentage of responders in both groups was compared.Results: Endoscopic evidence of healing of esophagitis was similar in both the groups, 72% in Group A and 74% in Group B. The symptom relief was significantly more in Pantaprozole plus Itopride group 74.5% (4.2±1.6) than Pantaprozole alone 62.5% (6.4±1.1) after 4 weeks (p < 0.001).The occurrence of side effects was less in group B compared to group A (22% vs 30%, p= 0.172).Conclusions: Pantoprazole and combination of Pantoprazole plus Itopride provide more effective endoscopic healing of esophagitis. Pantoprazole and Itopride combination is more efficacious in ameliorating the symptoms of GERD than Pantoprazole alone

Studies of genetics of yield and yield component characters in F2 and F3 generations of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Three parents with three different durations were crossed in full diallel fashion. The resultant six hybrids were selfed along with their three parents to get six F2’s. The F2’s were selfed to obtain six F3’s. The aforementioned five generations of the six crosses were studied for days to flowering, number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, 100 seed weight, grain L/B ratio, grain yield per plant and harvest index. The distribution pattern of the segregating generations revealed that, the F3’s of the cross ADT 38 x ADT 37 for hundred seed weight and the F3’s the cross ADT 38 x ADT 44 for grain yield per plant showed normal symmetrical distribution. The kurtosis value was almost negligible indicating mesocurtic nature of the distribution. The F3’s of ADT 38 x ADT 44 recorded high mean coupled with higher coefficient of variation, indicating the presence of additive genetic control. The higher mean performance in F3 may be due to accumulation of favourable genes. All the other crosses and generations showed asymmetric distribution in positive as well as negative direction, for almost all the characters of interest. The mean was comparatively higher but the coefficients of variation were comparatively lower, indicating the preponderance of non-additive genetic control in the expression of the traits of interest. It is better to resort to intermating of segregants followed by recurrent selection for further improvement. The F3’s unique cross ADT 38 x ADT 44 had taken less number of days to first flowering, higher grain L/B ratio coupled with higher grain yield. A simple selection among the F3 progenies of the cross ADT 38 x ADT 44 may yield some useful segregants with earliness, desirable grain quality and higher grain yield.Key words: Rice, segregating generations, F2, F3

Volumetric and dosimetric effects of different slice thickness in radiotherapy planning Computed Tomography for head and Neck cancer

Introduction: Accurate estimation of target and Organ at Risk Volume is required to ensuretreatment efficacy and minimal normal tissue toxicity in radiotherapy planning. ComputedTomography slice thickness plays a vital role in volume estimation. It highly impacts smaller volumeorgans such as 1-3cm3. Materials and Methods: CT datasets of 20 head and neck cancer patientswere recruited for this study in each CT data three CT series with a slice thickness of 1.5mm, 3mmand 5mm were imported to the TPS. Eclipse TPS of version 13.6 was used for delineation andtreatment planning. Results: The variability of volumes with CT slice thickness was significant,especially for small volume structures. The maximum volume error of 63% was found in &gt;3ccvolume structures with 5mm slice thickness. Whereas in larger volume structures the differenceswere observed 2%in terms of volume and mean dose. And in terms of homogeneity and conformity,there is no significant difference was found. Conclusion: This study concludes that for head andneck cancer which has many smaller volume structures 1.5mm slice thickness will accuratelyestimate the volume which is clinically useful for OAR near the PTV

Impact on Undefined Normal Tissue by using different combination of Normal Tissue Objective and Dose Control Ring in IMRT Plans for Cervix cancer

Introduction: The normal tissue objective (NTO) is a tool used in inverse planning of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) to reduce dose spreading to surrounding normal tissues. The multitude of potential NTO setting combinations challenges optimal NTO tunning. In addition to NTO, Dose Control Ring (DCR) around the target may impact plan quality. Aim and Objective: To find the impact on Undefined Normal Tissue (UNT) by using the different combinations of NTO and DCR in IMRT Plans for Cervical cancer plans. Materials and Methods: Our sample consists of 30 patients with similar treatment prescription doses. Varian Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) of Version13.6 was used in this study. 5 different plans were created for each patient. In every plan beam energy, several beams, Beam angle, Optimization algorithm - Photon optimizer (PO), Calculation algorithm – Anisotropic analytic algorithm (AAA)and evaluation methods were maintained constant. 5 plans were different only in the optimization process. Before generating plans DCR of thickness 1.0 cm and 0.5 cm away from the Planning Target Volume (PTV) was created. The plan with different combinations between NTO and DCR were A. Without NTO, B. Automatic NTO, C. Manual NTO, D. Automatic NTO + DCR, E. Manual NTO + DCR generated. The plan quality was evaluated by comparing PTV: Conformity Index (CI), Homogeneity Index, OAR Doses and mean dose to UNT. Results: HI was better without NTO plans compared to all other plans. CI and OAR doses show a significant difference in Manual NTO along with DCR plans. The mean dose of UNT was less in Manual NTO along with DCR compared to all other plans and it was significantly less. Conclusion: This study shows that manual NTO + Dose Control Ring gives better plan quality in terms of PTV coverage and less dose to Undefined Normal Tissue by maintaining Organ at Risk dose within the tolerance limits

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Managing Chronic Kidney Disease with SGLT2 Inhibitors

Background and objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its increasing global burden, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This survey-based study aims to capture the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) amongst practicing physicians in considering sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for the prevention and progression of CKD in diabetic or nondiabeticindividuals. Methodology: An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 262 health care practitioners (HCPs) who manage people with CKD with or without diabetes. The survey was prepared as a Google form and circulated through email to different HCPs. The survey consisted of 6 knowledge-based questions, 4 attitude-based questions and 4 practice-based questions. The forms were filled up voluntarily by the participants and the authors had no control over the response provided. All the responses wereconsolidated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Results: A total of 262 HCPs from different regions of the country participated in the survey. About 87% to 94% of the participants were aware that SGLT2i, specifically dapagliflozin, is approved for use in CKD patients with or without diabetes. About threefourths of the HCPs accepted that an initial drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) occursupon initiation of dapagliflozin treatment. Almost 90% of them acknowledged the importance of screening for CKD in diabetic patients, and the majority were aware of the renal benefits of SGLT2i. Almost 96% of HCPs consider that dapagliflozin could be used in all patients with CKD irrespective of their diabetes status. Major determining factors with respect to a setback in practice are fear of side effects (54%) and hesitation in switching to newer medications when older medications work fine (34%). Conclusion:SGLT2i have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with CKD with or without diabetes. This survey has shown good awareness among clinicians of the beneficial role of SGLT2i in CKD.&nbsp

Machine learning approach for COVID-19 crisis using the clinical data

We try to identify the impact of innovation headways and its rapid affect in each field of life, be it clinical or some other field; computerized reasoning deployed the prominent approach for indicating the authenticated outcomes in the field of medical services through its dynamic nature in investigating the information. COVID-19 has influenced all the nations around the globe in a short period of time duration; Individuals everywhere over the world are defenceless, against its results in the future. It is necessary to build up a control framework that will distinguish the Covid. One of the answers for control the flow ruin can be the conclusion of illness with the assistance of different artificial intelligence instruments. In this paper, we ordered literary clinical reports into four classes by utilizing old style and troupe AI calculations. Feature designing was performed utilizing procedures like Term recurrence/reverse archive recurrence (TF/IDF), Bag of words (BOW) and report length. These highlights were provided to customary and troupe AI classifiers. Calculated relapse and Multinomial Naive Bayes demonstrated preferred outcomes over other ML calculations by having 96.2% testing exactness. In the future intermittent neural organization can be utilized for better exactness