RESEARCH AND REVIEWS: JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES Synthesis and Biological, Pharmacolgical Activites of Bioactive Benzothiazole Deravatives

ABSTRACT 2-amino-6-fluoro-7-chloro (1,3) benzothiazoles are treated with aldehydes to get Schiff's base (Azomethine) in presence of ethanol and HCl, then all the Schiff's bases are separately refluxed with thioglycolic acid in presence of the solvent 1,4-dioxane and triturated with NaHCO3 solution results to give parent oxothiazolidine.The resulted azomethine (Schiff's base) are treated with chloro acetyl chloride, triethylamine in presence of dioxane results gives the parent compounds of azetidinone. The identities of compounds were confirmed on the basis of their spectral (IR, 1 HNMR and MASS) data further, they have been screened for their antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities

Flotation Studies on Low Grade Magnesite Deposits from Sujikonda near Daroji Bellary district, Karnataka State

Magnesite, an important basic refractory raw material, has been in short supply in recent years. To find an alte-rnative to high costlow boron containing sea water magne-site, users have been looking more towards sources of a natural magnesite. Magnesite ( MgCO3 ) is commonly found in granular, compact earthy masses occurring as amorphous or crystalline deposits. The amorphous type of deposits are the most common variety found as veins in serpentine rocks. The low grade ores produced do not meet the chemical purity required by the consuming industries (Table-1). The low grade ores have to be upgraded by physical benefi-ciation methods to render them usable, besides, conserving high grade reserves of magnesite. in view of the proposed Vijayanagara steel plant in Toranagallu, the occurrence of Sujikonda magnesite deposit close to the steel plant attains greater significance. The magnesite deposit of Sujikonda area is of low grade with MgO = 29:60 wt.% ; Ca0 = 5.61 wt. %; Si02 = 3.84 wt. %; and R2 03 = 31.04 wt. %. In the present investigation the authors carried out experiments to understand the flotation behaviour of low grade magnesite

Interferometric imaging with the 32 element Murchison Wide-field Array

The Murchison Wide-field Array (MWA) is a low frequency radio telescope, currently under construction, intended to search for the spectral signature of the epoch of re-ionisation (EOR) and to probe the structure of the solar corona. Sited in Western Australia, the full MWA will comprise 8192 dipoles grouped into 512 tiles, and be capable of imaging the sky south of 40 degree declination, from 80 MHz to 300 MHz with an instantaneous field of view that is tens of degrees wide and a resolution of a few arcminutes. A 32-station prototype of the MWA has been recently commissioned and a set of observations taken that exercise the whole acquisition and processing pipeline. We present Stokes I, Q, and U images from two ~4 hour integrations of a field 20 degrees wide centered on Pictoris A. These images demonstrate the capacity and stability of a real-time calibration and imaging technique employing the weighted addition of warped snapshots to counter extreme wide field imaging distortions.Comment: Accepted for publication in PASP. This is the draft before journal typesetting corrections and proofs so does contain formatting and journal style errors, also has with lower quality figures for space requirement

The Murchison Widefield Array: Design Overview

The Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is a dipole-based aperture array synthesis telescope designed to operate in the 80-300 MHz frequency range. It is capable of a wide range of science investigations, but is initially focused on three key science projects. These are detection and characterization of 3-dimensional brightness temperature fluctuations in the 21cm line of neutral hydrogen during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) at redshifts from 6 to 10, solar imaging and remote sensing of the inner heliosphere via propagation effects on signals from distant background sources,and high-sensitivity exploration of the variable radio sky. The array design features 8192 dual-polarization broad-band active dipoles, arranged into 512 tiles comprising 16 dipoles each. The tiles are quasi-randomly distributed over an aperture 1.5km in diameter, with a small number of outliers extending to 3km. All tile-tile baselines are correlated in custom FPGA-based hardware, yielding a Nyquist-sampled instantaneous monochromatic uv coverage and unprecedented point spread function (PSF) quality. The correlated data are calibrated in real time using novel position-dependent self-calibration algorithms. The array is located in the Murchison region of outback Western Australia. This region is characterized by extremely low population density and a superbly radio-quiet environment,allowing full exploitation of the instrumental capabilities.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in Proceedings of the IEE

Curcumin-induced inhibition of cellular reactive oxygen species generation: novel therapeutic implications

There is evidence for increased levels of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetics, as indirectly inferred by the findings of increased lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant status. Direct measurements of intracellular generation of ROS using fluorescent dyes also demonstrate an association of oxidative stress with diabetes. Although phenolic compounds attenuate oxidative stress-related tissue damage, there are concerns over toxicity of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and this has considerably stimulated interest in investigating the role of natural phenolics in medicinal applications. Curcumin (the primary active principle in turmeric, Curcuma longa Linn.) has been claimed to represent a potential antioxidant and antiinflammatory agent with phytonutrient and bioprotective properties. However there are lack of molecular studies to demonstrate its cellular action and potential molecular targets. In this study the antioxidant effect of curcumin as a function of changes in cellular ROS generation was tested. Our results clearly demonstrate that curcumin abolished both phorbol-12 myristate-13 acetate (PMA) and thapsigargin-induced ROS generation in cells from control and diabetic subjects. The pattern of these ROS inhibitory effects as a function of dose-dependency suggests that curcumin mechanistically interferes with protein kinase C (PKC) and calcium regulation. Simultaneous measurements of ROS and Ca2+ influx suggest that a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ may be a trigger for increased ROS generation. We suggest that the antioxidant and antiangeogenic actions of curcumin, as a mechanism of inhibition of Ca2+ entry and PKC activity, should be further exploited to develop suitable and novel drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications

Implications of String Constraints for Exotic Matter and Z' s Beyond the Standard Model

Global consistency of string compactifications places constraints on the chiral matter spectrum of a gauge theory which include those necessary for the absence of cubic nonabelian anomalies, but also contain some additional conditions. In the class of theories we study, some of these are present in a field theory augmented by anomalous U(1)'s and Chern-Simons terms, but some are genuinely not present in field theory. Their violation has phenomenological implications, rendering inconsistent many quiver gauge theories with the chiral matter spectrum of the MSSM. The inconsistent MSSM quivers often violate the constraints in a particular way that is suggestive of what matter must be added for consistency. The preferred matter additions are MSSM singlets with anomalous U(1) charge, hyperchargeless SU(2) triplets, quasichiral Higgs or lepton isodoublet pairs, quasichiral quark isosinglet pairs, and nonabelian singlets with charge +-1. Smaller numbers of quark isodoublet pairs, lepton pairs with charges (+- 1,+- 2), and chiral fourth families are also found. We present the results of systematic analyses including multiplicity counts of matter beyond the standard model and also study the possibility of using the singlets for a dynamical perturbative \mu-term or for neutrino mass. We also systematically study the appearance of additional non-anomalous U(1)' symmetries in the low energy theory and find that family non-universality is very common. These new physics effects may be observable at the LHC even for a large string scale close to the Planck scale.Comment: 38 pages. v2: JHEP version, references adde

DNA Repair in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Distinct from That in Non-Pluripotent Human Cells

The potential for human disease treatment using human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), also carries the risk of added genomic instability. Genomic instability is most often linked to DNA repair deficiencies, which indicates that screening/characterization of possible repair deficiencies in pluripotent human stem cells should be a necessary step prior to their clinical and research use. In this study, a comparison of DNA repair pathways in pluripotent cells, as compared to those in non-pluripotent cells, demonstrated that DNA repair capacities of pluripotent cell lines were more heterogeneous than those of differentiated lines examined and were generally greater. Although pluripotent cells had high DNA repair capacities for nucleotide excision repair, we show that ultraviolet radiation at low fluxes induced an apoptotic response in these cells, while differentiated cells lacked response to this stimulus, and note that pluripotent cells had a similar apoptotic response to alkylating agent damage. This sensitivity of pluripotent cells to damage is notable since viable pluripotent cells exhibit less ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage than do differentiated cells that receive the same flux. In addition, the importance of screening pluripotent cells for DNA repair defects was highlighted by an iPSC line that demonstrated a normal spectral karyotype, but showed both microsatellite instability and reduced DNA repair capacities in three out of four DNA repair pathways examined. Together, these results demonstrate a need to evaluate DNA repair capacities in pluripotent cell lines, in order to characterize their genomic stability, prior to their pre-clinical and clinical use

Genome-Wide Functional Profiling Reveals Genes Required for Tolerance to Benzene Metabolites in Yeast

Benzene is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and is widely used in industry. Exposure to benzene causes a number of serious health problems, including blood disorders and leukemia. Benzene undergoes complex metabolism in humans, making mechanistic determination of benzene toxicity difficult. We used a functional genomics approach to identify the genes that modulate the cellular toxicity of three of the phenolic metabolites of benzene, hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CAT) and 1,2,4-benzenetriol (BT), in the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Benzene metabolites generate oxidative and cytoskeletal stress, and tolerance requires correct regulation of iron homeostasis and the vacuolar ATPase. We have identified a conserved bZIP transcription factor, Yap3p, as important for a HQ-specific response pathway, as well as two genes that encode putative NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductases, PST2 and YCP4. Many of the yeast genes identified have human orthologs that may modulate human benzene toxicity in a similar manner and could play a role in benzene exposure-related disease