Unit commitment with transmission constraints in deregulated power market

As the power industry across the world is undergoing a radical change by separation of transmission from generation activities, scope of competition by bidding or through provision of bilateral transactions in spot markets exists between different market players of generation and transmission. So there is a need for the unit commitment in power industry with generation biddings, load biddings and bilateral transaction biddings. In general unit commitment can be formulated as nonlinear, large scale, mixed integer combinatorial optimization problem. For quick response, piece-wise linearization of cost function, slack terms with high penalty factor are incorporated in unit commitment along with all generator, system, operator and line constraints. Then unit commitment with three-part generator bidding, load bidding and bilateral transaction with both elastic and inelastic parts is performed which is suitable for the recent deregulated power industry and tested on a test case of ten generators with three bus network

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

Integrative medicine means combined work of various experts of various disciplines to create a holistic effect. Human is a combination of body, mind and soul. All three aspects of human should be cared and cured by healthcare systems.Body and mind are connected to each other. Physical problems create mental problems and mental problems create physical problems. There is a psychosomatic mechanism.  Apart from modern medicine, Ayurved, Homeopath, Unani, Yoga and Naturopathy are popular healthcare systems in the society. Any one system is not sufficient to provide health and healing to all in all diseases. In modern medicine, there are several adverse effects of antibiotics and analgesics. World is looking towards Ayurved and homeopath, etc. for safe medicines. Now, it is great responsibility of various research councils like CCRAS, CCH, etc. to invent new drugs to cure new diseases.Interdisciplinary seminars are essential to exchange results find out by these research councils. Healthcare system in rural areas is very poor. This can be improved by using technology.  Advanced and specialized healthcare can be provided in rural areas by Tele Ayush system. Ministry of Ayush has done many works for globalization of Ayurved but the ministry has to do many works now for upgradation of Ayurved in India and abroad

Applications and Simulation of Femtocells in a Cognitive Radio Environment

Femtocells are small base stations that provide radio coverage for mobile devices in offices or homes.Throughout our project work we put forth a femtocell based cognitive radio architecture for enabling efficient multi-tiered access in next generation broadband wireless systems. The key requirements for femtocell deployment, its benefits, the usage model, design challenges and market issues will be investigated. This architecture combines the conventional femtocell concept with an infrastructure based overlay of a cognitive network. The merits of using a femtocell is enhanced coverage minimized interference and increased capacity. By incorporating a femtocell in a cognitive radio environment problems such as spectrum under-utilization can be solve. This is achieved by allowing secondary users to use the free and available spectrum. We provide experimental results to demonstrate the feasibility of such a model. The advantages and several bottlenecks in administering this concept are also illustrated. The purpose of this project is to explore the use of femtocells in present cellular systems to provide better coverage and deal with resource allocation by employing it in a cognitive radio environment

Use of fly ash admixed concrete for pavement construction*

No abstrac

Financial development and economic growth: panel evidence from BRICS

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between financial development and economic growth for five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South (BRICS) during 1993 to 2014 using banking sector and stock market development indicators. Design/methodology/approach - To begin with, the study first examined some of the principal indicators of financial development and macroeconomic variables of the selected economies. Next, using generalized method of moment system estimation (SYS-GMM), the relationship between financial development and growth is investigated. The banking sector development indicators used in the study include size of the financial intermediaries, credit to deposit ratio (CDR) and domestic credit to private sector (CPS), whereas the stock market development indicators are value of shares traded and turnover ratio. Also, some macroeconomic control variables such as inflation, exports and the enrolment in secondary education were used. Findings - The examination of the principal indicators of financial development and macroeconomic variables have shown considerable differences between the selected economies. Results from the dynamic one-step SYS-GMM estimates confirm that in presence of turnover ratio, all the selected banking development indicators such as size of financial intermediaries, CDR and CPS are positively significantly determining economic growth. Similarly, in presence of all the selected banking sector development indicators, value of shares traded is found to be positively significantly associated with economic growth. However, the same is not true when turnover ratio is regressed in presence of banking sector variables. Overall, the evidence suggests that banking sector development and stock market development indicators are complementary to each other in stimulating economic growth. Practical implications - A positive association between financial development and growth indicates that the policymakers should take necessary measures toward simultaneous development of both banking sector as well as stock market for inducing growth. Originality/value - The present paper attempts to examine the relationship between financial development and growth using both banking sector and stock market development indicators which has not been attempted before for BRICS. Also, most of the existing studies are found in case of developed economies. This paper tries to fill this void by studying five major emerging economies.Objetivo - El propósito de este documento es examinar la relación entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento económico de cinco importantes economías emergentes: Brasil, Rusia, India, China y el Sur (BRICS) durante 1993 a 2014 utilizando indicadores de desarrollo del sector bancario y del mercado de valores. Diseño / metodología / enfoque - Para empezar, el estudio examinó en primer lugar algunos de los principales indicadores de desarrollo financiero y variables macroeconómicas de las economías seleccionadas. A continuación, utilizando el método generalizado de estimación del sistema de momentos (SYS-GMM), se investiga la relación entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento. Los indicadores de desarrollo del sector bancario utilizados en el estudio incluyen el tamaño de los intermediarios financieros, el índice de crédito a depósitos (CDR) y el crédito interno al sector privado (CPS), mientras que los indicadores de desarrollo del mercado de valores son el valor de las acciones negociadas y el índice de rotación. Asimismo, se utilizaron algunas variables de control macroeconómico como la inflación, las exportaciones y la matrícula en la educación secundaria. Recomendaciones - El examen de los principales indicadores de desarrollo financiero y las variables macroeconómicas ha mostrado diferencias considerables entre las economías seleccionadas. Los resultados de las estimaciones dinámicas de SYS-GMM en un solo paso confirman que, en presencia del índice de rotación, todos los indicadores de desarrollo bancario seleccionados, como el tamaño de los intermediarios financieros, CDR y CPS, determinan de manera positiva y significativa el crecimiento económico. De manera similar, en presencia de todos los indicadores de desarrollo del sector bancario seleccionados, el valor de las acciones negociadas se asocia de manera positiva y significativa con el crecimiento económico. Sin embargo, no ocurre lo mismo cuando se hace una regresión del índice de rotación en presencia de variables del sector bancario. Implicaciones prácticas - Una asociación positiva entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento indica que los formuladores de políticas deben tomar las medidas necesarias para el desarrollo simultáneo tanto del sector bancario como del mercado de valores para inducir el crecimiento. Originalidad / valor - El presente artículo intenta examinar la relación entre el desarrollo financiero y el crecimiento utilizando indicadores de desarrollo del sector bancario y del mercado de valores, lo que no se había intentado antes para los BRICS. Además, la mayoría de los estudios existentes se encuentran en el caso de economías desarrolladas. Este documento intenta llenar este vacío mediante el estudio de cinco grandes economías emergentes

DUAL ANTICANCER DRUG LOADED METHOXY POLY (ETHYLENE GLYCOL)-POLY (ε-CAPROLACTONE) BLOCK COPOLYMERIC MICELLES AS NOVEL DRUG CARRIERS

Objective: Curcumine (CUR) and rapamycin (RAPA) are two potent hydrophobic anticancer drugs. The clinical and preclinical applications of anticancer formulations are limited due to use of toxic excipients and poor bioavailability. In the present study, an approach has been made to develop CUR and RAPA loaded MePEG/PCL di-block copolymeric micelles keeping in the view to make excipient free formulation with slow release of drugs. Methods: The CUR and RAPA loaded MePEG/PCL di-block copolymeric micelles were prepared. Physico-chemical characters like size, surface charge and encapsulation efficiency were measured. The in vitro release studies was carried out in pH 7.4 to evaluate the sustained release properties of micelles. Results: MePEG/PCL di-block copolymeric micelles were efficiently encapsulate both the drugs, i. e. CUR (~ 64 %) and RAPA (~ 94 %) in the core and have loading capacity of ~ 12 % (CUR) and ~ 29 % (RAPA). The zetasizer measurement shows that particles have size range 128 nm to 176 nm with a negative zeta potential. SEM and AFM studies reveled that micelles have smooth exterior surface. The XRD and DSC studies explain that the drugs are uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The dual drug loaded micelles have sustained in vitro drug release activity as estimated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Conclusion: These MePEG/PCL di-block copolymeric micelles are capable of carrying both the hydrophobic anticancer drugs and the encouraging results suggest further studies to evaluate the bioavailability parameters as well as suitability of the formulation

Letter to the editor:Are the undergradute medical students well-informed of organ transplantation?

No Abstrac

Unusual Cubital Fossa Anatomy – Case Report

The median nerve is known to show variations in its origin, course, relations and distribution. But in almost all cases it passes through the cubital fossa. We saw a cubital fossa without a median nerve. The median nerve had a normal course in the upper part of front of the arm but in the distal third of the arm it passed in front of the medial epicondyle of humerus, surrounded by fleshy fibres of pronator teres muscle. Its course and distribution in the forearm was normal. In the same limb, the fleshy fibres of the brachialis muscle directly continued into the forearm as brachioradialis, there being no fibrous septum separating the two muscles from each other. The close relationship of the nerve to the epicondyle might make it vulnerable in the fractures of the epicondyle. The muscle fibres surrounding the nerve might pull up on the nerve and result in altered sensory-motor functions of the hand. Since the brachialis and brachioradialis are two muscles supplied by two different nerves, this continuity of the muscles might result in compression/entrapment of the radial nerve in it.Keywords: Median nerve, cubital fossa, brachialis, brachioradialis, entrapmen