Importance of magnetic resonance imaging brain in metronidazole-induced cerebellar ataxia- a case report

Metronidazole is an antibiotic and an antiprotozoal drug, is cost effective treatment of choice in amoebic liver abscess. Cerebellar toxicity is quite rare and serious side effect of metronidazole, which is reversible. The importance of MRI brain in this condition is the typical finding of abnormal T2 as well as FLAIR hyperintensities in dentate nuclei and splenium of corpus callosum. We present a case of liver abscess on prolong metronidazole treatment presented with acute onset cerebellar ataxia

Rees algebra of Maximal Order Pfaffians and its diagonal subalgebras

Given a skew-symmetric matrix $X$, the Pfaffian of $X$ is defined as the square root of the determinant of $X$. In this article, we give the explicit defining equations of Rees algebra of Pfaffian ideal $I$ generated by maximal order Pfaffians of generic skew-symmetric matrices. We further prove that all diagonal subalgebras of the corresponding Rees algebra of $I$ are Koszul. We also look at the Rees algebra of Pfaffian ideals of linear type associated to certain sparse skew-symmetric matrices. In particular, we consider the tridiagonal matrices and identify the corresponding Pfaffian ideal to be of Gr\"obner linear type and as the vertex cover ideal of an unmixed bipartite graph. As an application of our results, we conclude that all their powers have linear resolutions.Comment: Comments and suggestions are welcom

A note on sequences and y-regularity of Rees algebra

Given a graded ring $A$ and a homogeneous ideal $I$, the ideal is said to be of linear type if the Rees algebra of $I$ is isomorphic to the symmetric algebra of $I$. We examine the relations between different notions of sequences already known in literature which form ideals of linear type. We observe how the vanishing of $y$-regularity of the Rees algebra of an ideal is connected to the ideal being generated by some specific sequences. As an application of this, we discuss Koszulness and Cohen-Macaulayness of the diagonal subalgebras of Rees algebras of ideals generated by some of these sequences. We also mention Macaulay2 algorithms to check if an ideal is generated by a $d$-sequence, c-sequence, weak relative-regular sequence and for computing bi-regularities.Comment: Comments and suggestions are welcome. In version 2, subsection 2.1 has been adde

Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Camellia sinensis in Uttarakhand State, India

Many microorganisms form symbioses with plants that range on a continuous scale, from parasitic to mutualistic. Among these, the most widespread mutualistic symbionts is the arbuscular mycorrhiza, formed between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and vascular flowering plants and other plants. A study of diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Camellia sinensis was conducted in four plantation territories of Uttarakhand. Microscopic analysis of the mycorrhizal status of roots has revealed that samples from all four locations belonged only to AM fungi. The mycorrhizal colonization level was found high thus reflecting the mycotrophic nature of C. sinensis (L.). Results of isolation and identification of spores from all field-collected soil samples has revealed relatively higher spore count. All recovered spores were found to belong to the Glomales Order, represented by Glomaceae family. Isolation has also brought into notice that three groups were dominant: the first one included light yellow colored spores, second, corresponded dark yellow-brown colored spores and third, magenta colored spores. The morphological characters indicated that the spore populations consisted of 3 – 6 morphotypes. The Glomus genus was represented by three species; that is, Glomus mossae, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus sp. 1 (an unidentified species).Keywords: Glomus mossae, Glomus fasciculatum, Mycorrhiza, Camillia sinensisAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(33), pp. 5313-5319, 16 August, 201

Building robust m-commerce payment system on offline wireless network

Mobile commerce is one of the upcoming research area with focus on mobile payment systems. Unfortunately, the current payment systems is directly dependent on fixed infrastructure of network (cellular network), which fails to facilitate optimal level of security for the payment system. The proposed system highlights a novel approach for building a secure, scalable, and flexible e-payment systems in the distributed scenario of wireless adhoc network in offline mode of communication for enhanced security on transaction and payment process. The proposed system uses Simple Public Key Infrastructure for providing the security in payment processes. The performance analysis of the proposed model shows that the system is highly robust and secure ensuring anonymity, privacy, non-repudiation offline payment system over wireless adhoc network

Reliable OSPM schema for secure transaction using mobile agent in micropayment system

The paper introduces a novel offline payment system in mobile commerce using the case study of micro-payments. The present paper is an extension version of our prior study addressing on implication of secure micropayment system deploying process oriented structural design in mobile network. The previous system has broad utilization of SPKI and hash chaining to furnish reliable and secure offline transaction in mobile commerce. However, the current work has attempted to provide much more light weight secure offline payment system in micro-payments by designing a new schema termed as Offline Secure Payment in Mobile Commerce (OSPM). The empirical operation are carried out on three types of transaction process considering maximum scenario of real time offline cases. Therefore, the current idea introduces two new parameters i.e. mobile agent and mobile token that can ensure better security and comparatively less network overhead

Real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy controlled buck converter using digital signal processor

This paper deals with the real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy control (DSMFC) for buck converter using digital signal processor (DSP). Applications like electric vehicle suspension control, flight dynamic control, robot position control and engine throttle position control; sliding mode control (SMC) plays a major role. Hardware realization is difficult with SMC strategy due to the continuous gain change results in chattering problem and actuator or contact may break. To resolve this problem the fuzzy logic (FL) approach has combined with the robust technique discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) to develop a new strategy for DSMFC. The mathematical modeling of the controller is done using MATLAB/Simulink software and practical design of the converter is also realized. The robustness of the controller is proved by introducing sudden change in input voltage as well as load with the help of switching circuit in hardware realization. The obtained practical results are verified by comparing with the simulation output and reference value

Role of postpartum Kegel exercises in the prevention and cure of stress incontinence

Background: Urinary incontinence in the post partum is a significant health problem in women with serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. The objective of this article is to educate women the correct method to do Kegel exercises, to assess their improvement and to introduce Kegel exercise regimen in every women in the postpartum period.Methods: 72 women in postpartum period with genuine stress incontinence (GSI) included in the study from January 2012 to July 2014 in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of VCSGGMSRI Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal, India. Women divided into 2 groups, first group of supervised Kegel exercises and second group was of women doing pelvic floor exercises at home. To monitor improvement, monthly assessment of pelvic floor function (vaginal palpation and observation) and measurement of PFM strength (vaginal squeeze pressure) by physician and patient both, done in the 2 groups.Results: The women were in the age group of 18-39 years. There were 15 % patients in dry category, 52 % had good improvement and 21 % had fair results. In the supervised exercise group the patients with good clinical response were 80% in the cured and borderline responder category. In the non-supervised group patients in the cured and borderline responders group were (6) 16% and (12) 33% respectively.Conclusions: The high cure rate depends on the factors like how correctly the Kegel exercises were instructed, how correctly the patients learned and performed them