An Authenticated Bit Shifting and Stuffing (BSS) Methodology for Data Security

Providing security to the data means the third party cannot interpret the actual information. When providing authentication to the data then only authorized persons can interpret the data. One of the methodology to provide security is cryptography. But in previous paper we have proposed a methodology for the cryptography process is BSS. In Bit Shifting and Stuffing (BSS) system to represent a printable character it needs only seven bits as per its ASCII value. In computer system to represent a printable character it requires one byte, i.e. 8 bits. So a printable character occupies 7 bits and the last bit value is 0 which is not useful for the character. In BSS method we are stuffing a new bit in the place of unused bit which is shifting from another printable character. To provide authentication a four bit dynamic key is generated for every four characters of the encrypted data and the key is also maintained in the data itself. While decryption the key is retrieved from the data and check whether the data is corrupted or not

Genetic Variability in Gladiolus for Growth and Flowering Characters (Gladiolus hybridus Hort.)

Gladiolus Sylvia x Melody exhibited early corm-sprouting (6.82 days). The hybrid Melody x Summer Sunshine (84.63 cm), followed by American Beauty x Pricella (84.12 cm) were tall. Maximum stem girth was observed in American Beauty x Summer Sunshine (35.31 mm), followed by Vedanapoli x Magic (33.71mm) and American Beauty x Melody (33.47 mm). Number of leaves per plant was higher in Melody x Magic (9.62), followed by Salvia x Magic (9.49) and Melody x Vedanapoli (9.42). The length was maximum (67.32 cm) in Melody x Summer Sunshine followed by Summer Sunshine x Pricella (67.57 cm), American Beauty x Vedanapoli (67.00 cm) and Vedanapoli x Pricella (66.06 cm). The hybrid Salvia x Melody was earliest to initiate flower bud (60.58 days) and first floret opening (69.04 days). The total duration of flowering was maximum in Vedanapoli x Magic

A STUDY ON ATTRITION AND RETENTION STRATEGIES OF MICROFINANCE SECTOR IN BANGALORE

This article explores the critical issues of attrition and retention strategies within the context of Microfinance Sector, Title: A Study on Attrition and Retention Strategies in the Microfinance Sector.The microfinance sector plays a pivotal role in extending financial services to the underserved and economically vulnerable populations.This study aims to investigate the factors contributing to attrition and the strategies employed for retaining talent in the microfinance sector. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, which includes both quantitative and qualitative data gathering methodologies. Primary data is gathered through surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with microfinance employees and managers from a diverse range of organizations across various geographies. Secondary data is also analysed from industry reports and existing literature. The findings reveal that attrition in the microfinance sector is affected by a complex interplay of factors, including low remuneration, limited career growth opportunities, job stress, and work-life balance issues. Furthermore, the study identifies several successful retention strategies implemented by microfinance institutions, such as training and development programs, performance incentives, employee engagement initiatives, and effective leadership. This study adds to the current body of information by offering insights into the unique issues that microfinance organisations encounterin retaining their workforce and the innovative strategies they have adopted to address these challenges. The outcomes of this study can be used by microfinance organizations, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to develop and implement more effective retention strategies, ultimately improving the sustainability and social impact of microfinance operations. In conclusion, understanding attrition and retention dynamics in the microfinance sector is crucial for fostering a stable and motivated workforce, which in turn can enhance the sector's capacity to serve its target clientele and drive financial inclusion

A Case Study Regarding the WIFI Bluetooth-based Implementation in Smart Narrow Field Communication

A Smart Narrow Field Communication (SNFC) deals with the wireless tag system which is developed through devices. Generally, on the internet it is hard to read long contents of the URL Present. On the internet these URL can be converted into QR code and NFC (Near Field Communication). First of all a device which is useful for wireless applications is given a name and considered as a tag. This device is used for recognizing a target content. Both of these are taken into a relation the URL are maintained on our cloud system along with the device name. Not only the device name the system also considers other user contents like gender and age in order to identify the target content. In Smart Narrow Field Communication all common device can be used as a tag. Ex: WIFI router, Bluetooth mouse etc. keywords: WIFI tag, Bluetooth tag mouse, Smart Narrow Field Communication, NFC, QR code

Single Dose Pharmacokinetics of Efavirenzin Healthy Indian Subjects

Background & Objective: Access to antiretroviral therapy in India is improving. Efavirenz (EFV) is a commonly used non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used to treat HIV infection. No information is available on the pharmacokinetics of EFV in Indian subjects. The aim of this study was to obtain information on single dose pharmacokinetics of efavirenz (EFV) in healthy Indian subjects. Methods: Sixteen adult healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were administered a single oral tablet of 600 mg EFV after an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 24 and 48 hours post dosing. Plasma EFV concentrations were estimated by HPLC, and certain pharmacokinetic variables were calculated. Results: Plasma EFV concentrations were higher in females than males at all the time points, the differences being significant at 1 (p<0.001) and 2 (p=0.05) hours. Females had significantly higher peak concentration (Cmax) of EFV than males (p=0.05) (3.11 & 1.90 μg/ml). The inter-individual variability in Cmax and AUC0-48 were 42 and 45% respectively. Conclusions: This study provides basic information on the pharmacokinetics of EFV in Indian subjects. Females had higher peak levels of EFV than males. Inter-subject variability was high. Further studies are necessary to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of EFV under steady state conditions in Indian patients on antiretroviral treatment

PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM BARK ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objectives:&nbsp;To evaluate the preventive effects of aqueous extract of&nbsp;Cinnamomum zeylanicum&nbsp;bark on dexamethasone induced insulin resistance and to compare it with rosiglitazone.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;The animals were categorized into two series of dexamethasone (dexamethasone 4mg/kg, dexamethasone 8mg/kg series) with 5 groups in each [plain control, dexamethasone 4/8mg/kg as per series, rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg,&nbsp;cinnamon&nbsp;bark extract (CZE) 250mg/kg BW]. Six animals were studied in each group. In a12 day study period, rosiglitazone and CZE groups received respective drug treatments and dexamethasone dosing (4mg/kg or 8mg/kg) was started from day 7onwards. On day 12, fasting blood, urine and post IPGTT blood samples were collected and processed for glucose, insulin and ketone estimations.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;In both series, CZE 250mg/kg treatment showed significant reduction in mean fasting glucose and insulin compared to rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg groups and dexamethasone controls (4mg/kg, 8mg/kg groups) (P&lt;0.05). The fall in glucose and insulin levels observed with CZE treatment at 30, 60 min post IPGTT in both series were significant compared to rosiglitazone and dexamethasone treatment groups (P&lt;0.05). Glycosuria and ketonuria were absent in CZE groups, whereas these were reduced significantly in rosiglitazone groups compared to dexamethasone groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion:&nbsp;The aqueous extract of&nbsp;C. zeylanicum&nbsp;bark prevented the insulin resistance as evidenced by reduced fasting and post IPGTT glucose and insulin levels in steroid induced insulin resistance model. KEYWORDS:&nbsp;Glucose uptake;&nbsp;Cinnamon bark; Rosiglitazone; Hyperinsulinemia; Hyperglycemia

Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

An attempt has been made to explore the effect of hybrid reinforcement on mechanical properties and dry sliding wear behavior of vinyl ester (VE) composites. Vinyl ester reinforced with alkali treated coir fibers (CF-VE), silanated aramid fibers (AFs) leading to fibridization and inclusion of coconut shell powder (CSP) with various weight proportions has been prepared resulting in hybridization. Effectiveness of treated fibers and CSP on mechanical and wear behavior of VE and their hybrids was evaluated. The density and hardness values of CF-VE composite increased steadily with inclusion of AFs and CSP. The tensile strength increased from 52 MPa at 0 wt.% AFs inclusion to a maximum of 76 MPa at 15 and 5 wt.% of AFs and CSP content. Further, it increased to a maximum of 78 MPa at 5 and 10 wt.% of AFs and CSP in CF-VE composite. The specific wear rate decreased more rapidly with the CSP content. Hence, it is deduced that hybrid VE (15CFs+5AFs) composite with 10 wt.% CSP is more effective against sliding wear. The type, geometry and dispersion of reinforcements contribute to the increased wear resistance. These results are important for the development of new composites incorporated with surface treated reinforcing materials such as CF and CSP, which will have significant application in automotive sliding or bearing components

PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM BARK ON DEXAMETHASONE INDUCED INSULIN RESISTANCE IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Objectives:&nbsp;To evaluate the preventive effects of aqueous extract of&nbsp;Cinnamomum zeylanicum&nbsp;bark on dexamethasone induced insulin resistance and to compare it with rosiglitazone.&nbsp;Methods:&nbsp;The animals were categorized into two series of dexamethasone (dexamethasone 4mg/kg, dexamethasone 8mg/kg series) with 5 groups in each [plain control, dexamethasone 4/8mg/kg as per series, rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg,&nbsp;cinnamon&nbsp;bark extract (CZE) 250mg/kg BW]. Six animals were studied in each group. In a12 day study period, rosiglitazone and CZE groups received respective drug treatments and dexamethasone dosing (4mg/kg or 8mg/kg) was started from day 7onwards. On day 12, fasting blood, urine and post IPGTT blood samples were collected and processed for glucose, insulin and ketone estimations.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;In both series, CZE 250mg/kg treatment showed significant reduction in mean fasting glucose and insulin compared to rosiglitazone 8mg/kg and 16mg/kg groups and dexamethasone controls (4mg/kg, 8mg/kg groups) (P&lt;0.05). The fall in glucose and insulin levels observed with CZE treatment at 30, 60 min post IPGTT in both series were significant compared to rosiglitazone and dexamethasone treatment groups (P&lt;0.05). Glycosuria and ketonuria were absent in CZE groups, whereas these were reduced significantly in rosiglitazone groups compared to dexamethasone groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion:&nbsp;The aqueous extract of&nbsp;C. zeylanicum&nbsp;bark prevented the insulin resistance as evidenced by reduced fasting and post IPGTT glucose and insulin levels in steroid induced insulin resistance model. KEYWORDS:&nbsp;Glucose uptake;&nbsp;Cinnamon bark; Rosiglitazone; Hyperinsulinemia; Hyperglycemia