フランス革命史の政治学 : ダールマン、ドロイゼン、ジーベルの十九世紀ドイツ

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

QUASI-MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF NON-POLAR DIATOMIC MOLECULE BY USING OPTICAL PHASE-LOCKED LASERS.

Author Institution: Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology; Department of Applied Physics, Institute for Molecular ScienceA new type optical-optical double resonance (OODR) experiment was developed by using phase controlled light source. The difference frequency between two single-mode lasers was stabilized to a MW frequency synthesizer by using an optical phase-lock loop. The difference frequency can be continuously scanned from 0.1 to 18GHz. This system was applied to the $B {^{1}}\Pi_{u}-X {^{1}}\Sigma_{g}+$ transitions of $Cs_{2}$ molecule, Double resonance signals corresponding to the rotational transitions of the ground state or the excited state are measured in sub-Doppler condition and those frequencies are determined as accurate as MW spectroscopy. Furthermore heterodyne detection makes it possible to measure the real and imaginary part of the third order susceptibility of the B-X transition at the same time. This means we can detect the phase of the polarization in the molecular system coherently generated by the phase-located two lasers

Chemical Meaning of Near Infrared Spectra from a Portable Near Infrared Spectrometer forVarious PlasticWastes

We examined NIR spectra obtained from various plasticwastes using a portable near infrared spectrometer; herein, we discuss chemical implications of spectral characteristics. A barcode spectrum derived from the second-order derivatives spectrum provides effective alternatives to discriminate plastic types. Principal component analysis, which is applied to barcode spectra, reveals characteristics and similarity of NIR spectra among plastic samples. Chemical structure of plastic samples reflects NIR spectra. Spectral differences can be explained with reference to whether the plastic has some functional group (aromatic CH, CO and Cl) or not

Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived cells for fracture healing in long-term diabetic mice

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) causes bone dysfunction due to poor bone quality, leading to severe deterioration in patient of quality of life. The mechanisms of bone metabolism in DM remain unclear, although chemical and/or mechanical factors are known to disrupt the homeostasis of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The purpose of this study was to identify the changes of osteoblasts and osteoclasts under long-term hyperglycaemic conditions, using a mouse fracture model of long-term hyperglycemia (LT-HG). Methods C57BL/6J mice and green fluorescent protein (GFP) -positive bone marrow transplanted C57BL/6J mice with LT-HG, maintained under a state of hyperglycaemia for 2 months, were used in this study. After the experimental fracture, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of proinsulin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α at the fracture site. C57BL/6J fracture model mice without hyperglycaemia were used as controls. Results In the LT-HG mice, chondrocyte resorption was delayed, and osteoblasts showed an irregular arrangement at the callus site. The osteoclasts were scattered with a decrement in the number of nuclei. The expression of proinsulin was confirmed in bone marrow derived cells (BMDCs) with neovascularization 2 and 3 weeks after fracture. Immunopositivity for TNF-α was also confirmed in immature chondrocytes and BMDCs with neovascularization at 2 weeks, and the number of positive cells was not decreased at 3 weeks. Examination of GFP-grafted hyperglycaemic mice showed that the majority of cells at the fracture site were GFP-positive. Immunohistochemistry showed that the rate of double positives was 15% for GFP and proinsulin and 47% for GFP and TNF-α. Conclusion LT-HG induces an increase in the number of proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells derived from BMDCs. We suggest that proinsulin and TNF-α positive cells are involved in both bone formation and bone resorption after fracture under hyperglycaemic conditions, resulting in the delay of bone healing

Vertebral fracture and bone mineral density in women receiving high dose glucocorticoids for treatment of autoimmune diseases

ABSTRACT. Objective. To evaluate the factors influencing the occurrence of vertebral fracture in patients receiving high dose glucocorticoids (GC). Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on women who had received at least 0.5 mg/kg of oral glucocorticoid for the treatment of autoimmune diseases for more than 1 month between 1998 and 2003. Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test were used to examine the effects of glucocorticoid dose and other factors on vertebral fractures. Receiver-operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) cutoff value for the risk of vertebral fracture. Results. The study population comprised 160 women, including 35 with vertebral fractures. In ROC analysis, the BMD threshold of the risk of fracture for postmenopausal women (0.787 g/cm 2 , T score -2.1) was lower than that for premenopausal women (0.843 g/cm 2 , T score -1.7 Kobe, Accepted for publication December 20, 2004. Glucocorticoids are widely used for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases. Even now, when various novel drugs for the treatment of these diseases are being introduced, glucocorticoids remain the main drugs of choice. However, it has been well established that the use of glucocorticoids can lead to rapid loss of bone mineral density Personal non-commercial use only. The Journal of Rheumatolog

Additional file 2 of Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived cells for fracture healing in long-term diabetic mice

Supplementary Material

Additional file 1 of Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and proinsulin by bone marrow-derived cells for fracture healing in long-term diabetic mice

Supplementary Material