Descriptions du pays dans "Voyages aux isles de l’Amérique (1693-1705)" de R. P. Labat. Production d’un espace colonial

Focussing on descriptions of the land, this article examines the production of space in "Les Voyages aux Isles de l’Amérique (1693-1705)" by J. B Labat, a Dominican missionary. In Labat’s travel writing the narrated journey offers a double construction of a colonial space and of the self as master of the world. By privileging the traveling missionary’s direct experience through various spatial representations and practices, Labat organizes the Caribbean landscape according to a European model and domesticates nature. However, whereas such spatial construction allows for the self to emerge, it is based on the exclusion of the Other. In Labat’s travel account the Caribbean is constructed as a utopian space for experimentation, resembling a French garden where the colonial engineer-hero may bloom

Political Will and Personal Belief: The Decline and Fall of Soviet Communism by Paul Hollander

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96705/1/798037.pd

Vassle: sammansättning, process och användningsområden : en jämförelse av söt, salt, och sur vassle

Vassle är mjölkindustrins största biprodukt och stora mängder genereras årligen. Nyttjandet av vassle förlorades till stora delar i och med den industriella osttillverkningens uppkomst men dagens industri har åter börjat ta vara på denna näringsrika råvara med hjälp av ny forskning, nya metoder och teknologi. Genom olika typer av industriella processer genereras dom tre huvudtyperna av vassle; söt, salt och sur vassle. Syftet med denna uppsats är att göra en jämförelse mellan söt, salt och sur vassle med fokus på produktion och process, sammansättning, egenskaper och användningsområden, samt att diskutera vilken problematik det finns med de olika produktionerna och framtida möjligheter som finns på marknaden för vassleprodukter. De största skillnaderna mellan de olika typerna av vassle ligger i den föregående produktionen och dessa leder till skillnad i deras kemiska sammansättning och egenskaper vilket ger de olika typerna av vassle olika användningsområden. I dagsläget finns två huvudvägar för att vidareförädla vassle. Den första av dessa är filtrering till ett koncentrat och tillverkning av pulver, den andra vägen är isolering och utvinning av värdefulla komponenter. Det går att göra stora vinster i nyttjandet av vasslen - både ur en ekonomisk och miljömässiga aspekter.Whey is the largest waste product generated from the dairy industries and it is generated in large amounts each year. With the industrialization of cheese production whey utilization lost in popularity, but with help from new technology and new research whey is regaining its former glory. Three main types of whey, i.e., sweet, salty and acid whey, are generated through different types of production. The aim of this report is to compare the different types with focus on production, processing, chemical composition and properties and areas of usage. There are two main ways to treat whey in today’s industry, where the first is filtration to concentrate the whey for production of whey powders. The second way is to isolate and extract valuable components from the whey. There are great winnings to be gained from utilizing whey proteins, both from economic and environmental points of view

Using Fe-Ti oxides and trace element analysis to determine crystallization sequence of an anorthosite-norite intrusion, Älgön SW Sweden.

På Älgön, SV Sverige, finns en anortosit-norit intrusion tillhörande Hakefjordenkomplexet. Det finns dessutom två tillhörande enheter; en marginell monzonorit och en centralt belägen ilmenitberikad norit (IRL). I den ilmenitberikade noriten finns även olika sorters aggregat av Fe-Ti oxider. Genom att undersöka Mn-innehållet i ilmenit i alla litologiska enheter var det möjligt att få fram en kronologisk kristallisationsordning; oxidaggregat i IRL → IRL → anortosit → anortosit/norit → monzonorit, där monzonoriten är mest rik på Mn och därmed yngst. En analys av inkompatibla spårämnen visar även på att monzonoriten är den mest berikade enheten och därmed den mest utvecklade och yngsta enheten i Hakefjordenkomplexet. Tvärtom är det för oxidaggregaten i den ilmentiberikade noriten. Dock beror berikningen i monzonoriten även delvis på kontamination av omkringliggande bergart; toppar av Pb, K och Th indikerar detta. En geokemisk modellering (AFC) visar på att förhållandet mellan kontaminering och kristallisation är 0.05, det vill säga låg. Fortsättningsvis visar förhållanden mellan inkompatibla spårelement att källan för magman är homogen. Eftersom spårelementkurvan i ett spindeldiagram ej innehar en U-form, vilket är indikativt för en mantelkälla som har blivit berikad av metasomatiska fluider, eller har negativa anomalier för både Nb och Ta är det inte troligt att magman har sitt ursprung i manteln. Slutligen, eftersom Th koncentrationen är låg är det inte troligt att källan är en övre skorpa utan snarare en undre, mafisk skorpa.The Hakefjorden Complex is an anorthosite-norite intrusion at Älgön, SW Sweden. There are two lithological units associated with it; a marginal monzonorite and a central Ilmenite-Rich Leuconorite (IRL). In the IRL there is a variety of aggregates of Fe-Ti oxides. By investigating Mn-content of ilmenite from all lithological units a chronological order of crystallization could be assessed; oxide aggregates within the IRL → IRL-matrix → anorthosite → anorthosite/norite → monzonorite with monzonorite being the most enriched in Mn and hence the youngest unit. Analysis of incompatible trace elements show that the monzonorite is the most enriched unit and hence also the most evolved and youngest unit of the Hakefjorden Complex. The opposite is true for the oxide aggregates within the IRL. The enrichment in the monzonorite can partly be explained by contamination by the country rock, visible as peaks in Pb, K and Th. Although the contamination is low, r=0.5 (assimilation:fractional crystallization) as deduced by an AFC-model. Furthermore, incompatible trace element ratios show that the magma source is homogenous. As the trace element diagrams lack a U-shape which is indicative of a metasomatically enriched mantle, as well as the double-dip in Nb-Ta, it is not believed that the magma originates from an enriched mantle. Finally, as the Th concentration is low, as opposed to levels in the upper crust, it is theorized that the Hakefjorden Complex originates from a lower mafic crust

Person-centered shift handovers in oncological inpatient care

Surveys show that patients are not sufficiently involved in decisions and planning regarding their own care, and patients have reported unfulfilled information needs in inpatient settings. To develop inpatient cancer care towards more person-centeredness, practices and ethics need to change. The nurse shift handovers have traditionally been performed secluded from patients, and without given structure. These handovers have been identified as opportunities for patient involvement, and different models of bedside handovers have been implemented and evaluated with varying results. Person-centered handovers (PCH) were developed in an attempt of combining the ethics and core components of person-centered care, and the practical task of performing the shift handover at bedside. PCH were implemented stepwise at three oncological inpatient wards at the Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital. PCH include the patient, the on-coming nurse, the off-going nurse, and sometimes patients’ visitors and nurse assistants. The main intentions with PCH were to promote structured, safe, and efficient handovers, provide an opportunity for patients and nurses to create a joint plan for the care, and to promote information exchange between nurses and patients. The general aim of this thesis was to identify and describe consequences of introducing PCH in oncological inpatient care. Specific aims included to investigate whether PCH could influence patient satisfaction, patients’ perceptions of information provision, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and to describe nurses’ perceptions of working with PCH. The thesis is comprised of three studies, presented in four different scientific papers. The first study (Paper I and IV) was cross-sectional with two points of measurement. Two of the inpatient wards served as a comparison group and practiced standard handovers during the study period, while PCH was implemented at the third ward after the first point of measurement. Adult patients cared for at the wards assessed their satisfaction with care by responding to the EORTC IN-PATSAT32 questionnaire, HRQoL with EORTC QLQ-C30, and perceptions of information with the EORTC QLQ-INFO25 module. Differences between the Comparison wards and the Intervention ward were analyzed with linear regression. Two years after the first study, a second data collection was carried out at the previous Comparison wards where PCH had been implemented about two years earlier, Paper III. Patients assessed their satisfaction with care and their perceptions of individualized care. Comparisons on patient satisfaction were made with data from the first study, and were performed with linear regression analysis. In Paper II, registered nurses working at the inpatient wards were interviewed about their perceptions of PCH. The data were analyzed with inductive qualitative content analysis. In Paper I and IV, 325 patients (57 %) participated. Regarding patient satisfaction, no statistically significant differences were observed between the ward that employed PCH and those that used standard handover, apart from one exception. Patients’ satisfaction on “Information exchange between caregivers” was statistically significantly at the intervention ward than at the comparison wards. PCH were not related to patients’ HRQoL or perceptions of information. In Paper III, 90 patients (75 %) participated. Patients who were cared for at wards where PCH were employed were more satisfied with nurses’ information provision, and exchange of information between caregivers, than those who evaluated the wards when they used standard handovers. The interviews in Paper II revealed that nurses perceived patients to be both safer and better informed with PCH, but that they struggled in promoting patients’ participation. In summary, PCH had beneficial consequences on patients’ satisfaction with information exchange between caregivers, and nurses’ information provision, as compared to standard handovers. PCH were not related to patients’ HRQoL or perceptions of information. The results indicate that sufficient time should pass between the first implementation phases and evaluations. The nurse interviews indicated that the actual delivery of PCH differed from the intentions, and that future implementations of PCH should focus on the ethical aspects of person-centered care

The Taxonomy, Reproduction, and Distribution of Rare Plants: A Study of Magnolia sp. in the Río Zuñac Reserve, Ecuador

Ecuadorian cloud forests are biodiversity hotspots and centers of unprecedented levels of endemism, but they are also under-researched and under-protected. This study took place in the Río Zuñac Reserve, which is a reserve of about 850 ha located in the Tungurahua province of Ecuador, and is home to at least 20 endemic plant species. Three new species of Magnolia have been discovered in this reserve in the past five years: Magnolia llanganates, Magnolia vargasiana, and one species that has yet to be formally described. This study dealt with accurately locating and describing new individuals of these species over the course of three weeks. Twelve individuals of M. vargasiana were discovered, increasing the total number of registered individuals to 18. Seven new individuals of the newly discovered species were found, raising the total number to nine. Nine juvenile individuals were found, two of which were identified as being of the new species and five of which were M. vargasiana. A map of the distributions of the three species was created using GoogleEarth, which can be used by a drone to locate the individuals for remote research. The elevation range of M. llanganatensis was significantly lower than the other two species, which both overlap in their elevation ranges almost entirely. Visually, the leaf shapes of the three species are markedly different, which was supported by leaf ratio measurements of length to width. Flowers provide better data for comparison between Magnolia sp., but this study took place outside of the peak flowering season for all three species. Five flowers/buds were collected from the newly discovered species and observational comparisons were made between these and flower statistics of the other two species. Herbivory on magnolias between two of the ridges sampled from was significantly different and was also significantly higher in M. vargasiana than in the other two species. \ Los bosques nublados de Ecuador son áreas de alta biodiversidad y de niveles altos de endemismo de especies, pero a pesar de eso hay una falta de investigaciones científicas y de protección. Este estudio tuvo lugar en la Reserva Río Zuñac, la cual es una reserva de alrededor de 850 ha ubicada en Tungurahua, Ecuador y habitada por por lo menos 20 especies endémicas de plantas. Tres especies de Magnolia han sido descubiertas en los últimos cinco años: Magnolia llanganatensis, Magnolia vargasiana, y una especie que todavía no ha sido descrita. El estudio se ocupó de ubicar y describir individuos nuevos de estas tres especies durante tres semanas. Diez individuos de M. vargasiana fueron descubiertos, y ahora hay un total de 16 individuos registrados. Se encontraron siete individuos de la especie nueva para hacer un total de nueve individuos registrados. Nueve juveniles fueron descubiertos, de los cuales dos son de la nueva especie y cinco de M. vargasiana. Un mapa de la distribución de las tres especies fue creado con GoogleEarth, el cual puede ser usado por un drone para ubicar los individuos para hacer investigaciones remotas. La distribución de elevación de M. llanganatensis fue significativamente más baja que las otras dos especies, estas casi totalmente se sobreponen. Visualmente, las formas de las hojas de las tres especies son marcadamente diferentes, y esto es comprobado por las medidas del ratio de largo y ancho de las hojas. Sus flores proveen datos mejores para comparar entre las especies., pero este estudio ocurrió fuera de la estación de florecimiento de todas las especies. Cinco flores/botones fueron recolectados de la especie nueva y comparaciones observacionales fueron hechas entre estas flores y las estadísticas en cuanto a las flores de las otras especies. El nivel de herbivoría en las magnolias entre dos cuchillos en la reserva fue significativamente diferente y también fue significativamente más alta en M. vargasiana que en las otras dos especies

Calculating the Cohomology of a Lie Algebra Using Maple and the Serre Hochschild Spectral Sequence

Lie algebra cohomology is an important tool in many branches of mathematics. It is used in the Topology of homogeneous spaces, Deformation theory, and Extension theory. There exists extensive theory for calculating the cohomology of semi simple Lie algebras, but more tools are needed for calculating the cohomology of general Lie algebras. To calculate the cohomology of general Lie algebras, I used the symbolic software program called Maple. I wrote software to calculate the cohomology in several different ways. I wrote several programs to calculate the cohomology directly. This proved to be computationally expensive as the number of differential forms used in each step of the direct calculation is equal to a binomial expansion. The second method used was the Serre--Hochschild spectral sequence. The Serre--Hochschild spectral sequence breaks the problem up into a grid of smaller problems that converge to the total cohomology of the Lie algebra