One-pot synthesis, crystallization and deracemization of isoindolinones from achiral reactants

The synthesis, crystallization, and complete solid-state deracemization of isoindolinones was realized in one pot simply by grinding achiral reaction components in a suitable solvent with an achiral catalyst. Previously, this concept was applied to a reversible reaction, but herein we showed that it could also be used in combination with reactions in which product formation is irreversible. A controlled final configuration of the product was obtained by using small amounts of chiral additives or seed crystals of the product

Utility assessment of 99mTc labelled human polyclonal immunoglobulin G scintigraphy for the diagnosis of limb lymphoedema

Wstęp. Metodą referencyjną w diagnostyce obrzęków limfatycznych jest limfoscyntygrafia. Oceny czynnościowej układu chłonnego dokonuje się na podstawie sprawności odpływu znacznika z miejsca podania, czasu pojawienia się radiofarmaceutyku w węzłach chłonnych, stopnia jego wychwytu w regionalnych węzłach chłonnych oraz obecności patologicznych dróg odpływu (wsteczny odpływ skórny). W piśmiennictwie podaje się, że istnieje możliwość wykorzystania w limfoscyntygrafii poliklonalnej immunoglobuliny G (IgG) znakowanej izotopem technetu (99mTc). Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 17 pacjentów z podejrzeniem obrzęku pochodzenia limfatycznego (11 kończyn górnych i 6 kończyn dolnych). Każdemu pacjentowi podawano podskórnie 0,1 ml kompleksu 99mTc-IgG (o aktywności ok. 50 MBq) w drugą przestrzeń międzypalcową obu rąk lub stóp. Akwizycję dynamiczną z użyciem gamma kamery Nucline AP rozpoczynano w momencie podania znacznika do obu kończyn. Aby przyspieszyć odpływ znacznika z miejsca podania, pacjenci w trakcie badania wykonywali delikatne ruchy palcami. Obrazowanie statyczne całego ciała wykonywano po 1, 3 i 4 godzinie od podania radiofarmaceutyku. Wyniki. U wszystkich badanych zaobserwowano odpływ znacznika z miejsca podania w fazie dynamicznej. Tempo przepływu radiofarmaceutyku było zróżnicowane i nie wykazywało związku z podłożem obrzęku limfatycznego. W 4 przypadkach (23,5%) stwierdzono wsteczny odpływ skórny i retencję znacznika w tkankach miękkich w późnym obrazowaniu. Zaobserwowano długotrwałą retencję znacznika w naczyniach limfatycznych. U żadnego z pacjentów nie odnotowano miejscowych lub ogólnoustrojowych objawów niepożądanych. Wnioski. Scyntygrafia z użyciem kompleksu 99mTc-IgG jest przydatną metodą w diagnostyce obrzęków limfatycznych kończyn.Background. Lymphoscintigraphy is the "gold standard" examination in lymphoedema diagnosis. The assessment of lymphatic system function is done on the base of outflow efficiency of the radiotracer, time of its appearance in lymph nodes, degree of its uptake in regional lymph nodes and presence of pathological backflow ways (dermal backflow). Some authors suggest the possibility of application of 99mTc labelled immmunoglobulin G (IgG) in lymphoscintigraphy. Material and methods. 17 patients suspected of lymphoedema have been examined (11 upper limbs, 6 lower limbs). Each patient received subcutaneous 99mTc-IgG complex in a volume 0.1 mL with activity 50 MBq. The site of injection was the second web space of the affected extremity and the contralateral normal limb. Dynamic data acquisition with the use of Nucline AP gamma camera has been started immediately post injection (p.i.) to both extremities. The patients made small movement of fingers during examination in order to speed up the tracer outflow. The static visualization of whole body has been performed after 1, 3 and 4 hours p.i. Results. The radiotracer outflow from the site of injection has been noticed in all cases of dynamic phase of examination. Flow rate of the radiopharmaceutics was differentiated and did not to show any correlation with the reason of lymphoedema. Dermal backflow has been observed in four cases (23.5%) connected with the tracer retention in soft tissues during delayed visualization. Additionally, long-time retention of the tracer in lymphatic vessels has been observed. There was no case of any local or general undesirable symptoms. Conclusions. Scintigraphy 99mTc-IgG is a useful method in limb lymphoedema diagnosis

Posttraumatic stress disorder among female street-based sex workers in the greater Sydney area, Australia

BACKGROUND: This paper examines rates of exposure to work-related violence and other trauma, and the prevalence of lifetime and current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among female street-based sex workers. It also investigates associations between current PTSD symptoms and: demographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, injecting and sex risk behaviours, and trauma history. METHODS: Cross sectional data collected from 72 women via face to face structured interviews. The interview included structured diagnostic assessment of DSM-IV PTSD; drug dependence; depression; experience of childhood trauma; and an assessment of sex working history. RESULTS: All but one of the women interviewed reported experiencing trauma, with the majority reporting multiple traumas that typically began in early childhood. Child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault and work related violence were commonly reported. Just under half of the women met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD and approximately one-third reported current PTSD symptoms. Adult sexual assault was associated with current PTSD symptoms. Depression and drug dependence were also highly prevalent; cocaine dependence in particular was associated with elevated rates of injecting risk and sexual risk behaviours. CONCLUSION: These women reported complex trauma histories and despite ongoing opportunities for clinical intervention, they continued to experience problems, suggesting that current models of treatment may not be appropriate. More targeted interventions, and integrated mental health and drug treatment services are needed to address the problems these women are experiencing. Outreach services to these women remain a priority. Education strategies to reduce risky injecting and sexual behaviours among sex workers should also remain a priority

Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit

Acute renal failure on the intensive care unit is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. To determine recommendations for the prevention of acute kidney injury (AKI), focusing on the role of potential preventative maneuvers including volume expansion, diuretics, use of inotropes, vasopressors/vasodilators, hormonal interventions, nutrition, and extracorporeal techniques. A systematic search of the literature was performed for studies using these potential protective agents in adult patients at risk for acute renal failure/kidney injury between 1966 and 2009. The following clinical conditions were considered: major surgery, critical illness, sepsis, shock, and use of potentially nephrotoxic drugs and radiocontrast media. Where possible the following endpoints were extracted: creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate, increase in serum creatinine, urine output, and markers of tubular injury. Clinical endpoints included the need for renal replacement therapy, length of stay, and mortality. Studies are graded according to the international Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) group system Several measures are recommended, though none carries grade 1A. We recommend prompt resuscitation of the circulation with special attention to providing adequate hydration whilst avoiding high-molecular-weight hydroxy-ethyl starch (HES) preparations, maintaining adequate blood pressure using vasopressors in vasodilatory shock. We suggest using vasopressors in vasodilatory hypotension, specific vasodilators under strict hemodynamic control, sodium bicarbonate for emergency procedures administering contrast media, and periprocedural hemofiltration in severe chronic renal insufficiency undergoing coronary intervention

Riociguat treatment in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: Final safety data from the EXPERT registry

Objective: The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat is approved for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and inoperable or persistent/recurrent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) following Phase

Manifestation

This thesis is an attempt to formulate a personal manifesto of a film maker. An attempt to a reflection from a creative, technological, social and historical point of view. An attempt to find a personal answer to a fundamental ontological question: what is film? What is light? What is the nature of the relationship between film maker and the apparatus he uses. All that with a emphasis to practical application. Therefore one chapter is a case study of a special projection aparatus called Archeoscope which is both a result - embodiment - as well as an initiation of some of the thoughts mentioned above

Purkinje's roundabout

This text represents theoretical and conceptual background of the practical bachelor project ? Magical Cabinet. This machine is a special kind of projector, which targets onto the altered states of consciousness. The main inspiration field for this project comes from the forefather of cinematography Jan Evangelista Purkyně and his experiments

Purkinje's roundabout

Tento text představuje teoretická východiska a konceptuální pozadí praktické bakalářské práce ? Kouzelné skříňky. Tato skříňka je vlastně speciálním promítacím přístrojem, jehož projekce cílí na změněné stavy. Hlavním inspiračním zdrojem je praotec kinematografie Jan Evangelista Purkyně a jeho experimenty

Manifestation

Tato diplomová práce je pokusem o formulování osobního manifestu filmového tvůrce. Jde o pokus o reflexi současné situace z hlediska tvůrčího, technologického, společenského i historického. Pokus o nalezení vlastní odpovědi na základní ontologickou otázku: co je film? Co je to světlo? Jaká je povaha vztahu tvůrce a aparátů, které používá. To vše s důrazem na praktické naplnění těchto úvah. Jako případová studie je proto součástí také kapitola věnovaná speciálnímu promítacímu aparátu jménem Pramítačka, která je ztělesněním, výsledkem i iniciátorem výše popisovaných úvah