The Development and Validation of a Life-Change Checklist for Juvenile Delinquents

A method generated by psychophysics has been used to develop a Checklist consisting of 58 life-events that require varying degrees of readjustment on the part of adolescents experiencing them. A very high degree of concordance was found to exist among psychologists, social workers and probation officers with regard to the relative value of life-change required by those events. Information about the occurrence of the amount of life-change was subsequently gathered from a sample of 334 juvenile delinquents and 104 nondelinquents by administering the Checklist. A measure of the degree of severity of delinquency was also obtained for each delinquent subject. The magnitude of life-change experienced by the delinquent sample was found to be highly significantly related to the severity of delinquency and to types of delinquency. The greater the magnitude of life-change, the greater the severity of delinquency, and the more severe the type of delinquency, the greater the amount of experienced life-change. Partially specific relationships were also found with regard to life-events and categories of events. Forty-six of the 58 life-events were found to have discriminatory value for at least one of the four major types of delinquency. Additionally, status-offenders were found to be more similar to nondelinquents than to delinquents with respect to the kinds of life-events which affect them. Other types of delinquents were not significantly differentiated by categories of life-events

Toolchain Modeling: Comprehensive Engineering Plans for Industry 4.0

The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) elevates the complexity and autonomy of industrial systems and engineering environments to levels not seen before. The novel challenges involve not only the software running on the partaking autonomous devices, but also architectural considerations and the technological infrastructure around the entire engineering process. In this paper, complementing the trends in industrial systems design, we propose an approach to toolchain modeling, i.e. an integrated specification for the interoperability of tools along with the holistic architectural framework, designed in the context of the Arrowhead Framework. In particular, we propose an intuitive, yet founded definition for toolchains and their mappings to a versatile engineering process model. Those definitions then serve as a basis for proposing our comprehensive toolchain modeling approach. The methodology is demonstrated using (simplified) real-world engineering case studies based on the Arrowhead Framework and platform

L\u27oxydation partielle du methane par initiation avec !\u27ozone. VII. Le mecanisme de la reaction d\u27 oxydation

Se basant sur des dates dans la liiterature de l\u27oxydation des paraffines en phase gazeuse et sur les resultats de propres experiences dans ce domaine, nous proposons un mecanisme p our la reaction d\u27oxydation partielle du methane sous !\u27action des decharges electrdque obscures (c\u27est-a-dire en presence de l\u27ozone et de l\u27oxygene atom~·que)

Electrical resistivity image of the South Atlantic continental margin derived from onshore and offshore magnetotelluric data

We present a deep electrical resistivity image from the passive continental margin in Namibia. The approximately 700 km long magnetotelluric profile follows the Walvis Ridge offshore, continues onshore across the Kaoko Mobile Belt and reaches onto the Congo Craton. Two-dimensional inversion reveals moderately resistive material offshore, atypically low for oceanic lithosphere, reaching depths of 15–20 km. Such moderate resistivities are consistent with seismic P wave velocity models, which suggest up to 35 km thick crust. The Neoproterozoic rocks of the Kaoko Mobile Belt are resistive, but NNW-striking major shear-zones are imaged as subvertical, conductive structures in the upper and middle crust. Since the geophysical imprint of the shear zones is intact, opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous did not alter the middle crust. The transition into the cratonic region coincides with a deepening of the high-resistive material to depths of more than 60 km

Asymmetric emission of high energy electrons in the two-dimensional hydrodynamic expansion of large xenon clusters irradiated by intense laser fields

Energy spectra and angular distributions have been measured of electrons that are emitted upon disassembly of $Xe_{150000}$ following irradiation by intense (10$^{15}-10^{16}$ W cm$^{-2}$) laser pulses whose durations are varied over the 100-2200 fs range. The cluster explosion dynamics occur in the hydrodynamic regime. Electron emission is found to be unexpectedly asymmetric and exhibits a resonance when the laser pulse duration is $\sim$1 ps. These results are rationalized by extending the hydrodynamic model to also take into account the force that the light field exerts on the polarization charge that is induced on surface of the cluster. We show that the magnitude of this electrostrictive force is comparable to those of Coulombic and the hydrodynamic forces, and it exhibits resonance behavior. Contrary to earlier understanding, we find that low-energy electrons are connected to the resonance in energy absorption by the cluster. The high-energy electrons seem to be produced by a mechanism that is not so strongly influenced by the resonance.Comment: 1 Revtex file, 8 figs. in eps forma

Role of surface roughness in hard x-ray emission from femtosecond laser produced copper plasmas

The hard x-ray emission in the energy range of 30-300 keV from copper plasmas produced by 100 fs, 806 nm laser pulses at intensities in the range of 10$^{15}-10^{16}$ W cm$^{-2}$ is investigated. We demonstrate that surface roughness of the targets overrides the role of polarization state in the coupling of light to the plasma. We further show that surface roughness has a significant role in enhancing the x-ray emission in the above mentioned energy range.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Flow diversion treatment: intra-aneurismal blood flow velocity and WSS reduction are parameters to predict aneurysm thrombosis

To evaluate the haemodynamic changes induced by flow diversion treatment in cerebral aneurysms, resulting in thrombosis or persisting aneurysm patency over time. Eight patients with aneurysms at the para-ophthalmic segment of the internal carotid artery were treated by flow diversion only. The clinical follow-up ranged between 6 days and 12 months. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of pre- and post-treatment conditions was performed in all cases. True geometric models of the flow diverter were created and placed over the neck of the aneurysms by using a virtual stent-deployment technique, and the device was simulated as a true physical barrier. Pre- and post-treatment haemodynamics were compared, including mean and maximal velocities, wall-shear stress (WSS) and intra-aneurysmal flow patterns. The CFD study results were then correlated to angiographic follow-up studies. Mean intra-aneurysmal flow velocities and WSS were significantly reduced in all aneurysms. Changes in flow patterns were recorded in only one case. Seven of eight aneurysms showed complete occlusion during the follow-up. One aneurysm remaining patent after 1 year showed no change in flow patterns. One aneurysm rupturing 5 days after treatment showed also no change in flow pattern, and no change in the maximal inflow velocity. Relative flow velocity and WSS reduction in and of itself may result in aneurysm thrombosis in the majority of cases. Flow reductions under aneurysm-specific thresholds may, however, be the reason why some aneurysms remain completely or partially patent after flow diversion

Polarization independent hot electron production from modulated solid surfaces

We present measurements of hard x-rays in the 50-300 keV range from copper plasmas produced by 100 fs, 806 nm laser pulses at a peak intensity ~ 1016 W cm-2. Surface roughness, even at the tens of nanometer level, is shown to influence the emission characteristics. The enhanced emission from rough targets is attributed to depolarization of light as well as extra absorption facilitated by the surface irregularities.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. submitted to Opt.Commu