The importance and process of using theory in nursing researches: Hemşirelik araştırmalarında kuram kullanımının önemi ve süreci

Nursing is a health discipline based on philosophy, theory, research and practice. The theories shed light on the formation of knowledge of this health discipline, the determination of research methods, the realization and application of the research process systematically. Theories are very important in determining the problem, how the problem will be solved and how this solution will be transferred to the application. In order for a knowledge to be scientific, it must be based on systematic foundations. In order to develop a professional nursing profession and education, undergraduate and graduate education should be theory based. Professionals should understand the theories in undergraduate education and internalize them, do theory-based research in graduate education, should try theories through research and develop new theories in doctoral education. In this way, the scientific foundations of the nursing profession will be strengthened. In this review, information about the use of theories in nursing research, the importance and limitations of the use of theory are presented. ​Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.   Özet Hemşirelik; temeli felsefe, kuram, araştırma ve uygulama üzerine kurulu bir sağlık disiplinidir. Bu sağlık disiplinin bilgi birikiminin oluşması, araştırma yöntemlerinin belirlenmesi, araştırma sürecinin sistematik olarak gerçekleştirilmesi ve uygulamaya aktarılması sürecine kuramlar ışık tutmaktadır. Kuramlar problemin belirlenmesinden, problemin çözüleceği ve bu çözümün uygulamaya nasıl aktarılacağı konusunda oldukça önemlidir. Bir bilginin bilimsel olabilmesi için sistematik temeller üzerine oluşturulmuş olması gerekmektedir. Profesyonel olarak hemşirelik mesleğinin ve eğitiminin gelişebilmesi için lisans ve lisansüstü eğitim kuram temelli olmalıdır. Meslek üyeleri lisans eğitiminde kuramları anlamalı içselleştirmeli, yüksek lisans eğitiminde kuram temelli araştırmalar yapmalı, doktora eğitiminde ise kuramları araştırma yoluyla denemeli ve yeni kuramların gelişimine katkı sağlamalıdır. Bu sayede, hemşirelik mesleğinin bilimsel temelleri daha da güçlenecektir. Bu derlemede hemşirelik araştırmalarında kuramların kullanım süreci, kuram kullanımının önemi ve sınırlılıklarına ilişkin bilgi sunulmaktadır

Attempts to strengthen maternal functioning in the postpartum period: A literature review

Objective: This study aims to examine that the effects of home visiting, prenatal education, parent classes, and tele counselling on maternal functioning.Methods: The search process was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar using key words of “motherhood’’, ‘‘maternity functioning’’, ‘‘postpartum’’, ‘‘postpartum care’’, ‘‘home visiting’’, ‘‘prenatal education’’, ‘‘parent classes’’, ‘‘tele counseling’’ and a combination of them English-Turkish language papers were searched between 2000 and 2015 years.  All studies relating to subject was included.Results: Discharge occurs shortly after birth in some countries such as the United States and Turkey, women do not receive adequate care, training and counseling and the demands of childrearing often exceed the mother’s expectations.Conclusion: Women should be supported with training programs, home visits, and phone counseling aimed at optimal maternal child health and development

Fear levels of the childbirth of primiparaous women applying to emergency obstetric unit

BackgroundEmergency service is a complex and dynamic environment mostly simultaneously managing the conditions of different patients and which is delicate in terms of time. Health care providers should be aware of influence the environment during labour.AimsThe aim of this research was to determine the level of fear of childbirth of primiparaous women, who has applied to emergency obstetric units. We also examined some variable which could effect on the level of fear of childbirth such as reasons for applying the emergency obstetric units, knowledge about birth process and readiness to birth.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study. The sample of the study is 473 primiparaous women who have applied to emergency obstetric units. A personal information form and ";;;Wijma Birth Expectancy / Experience Scale Version";;; have been used to determine the fear level of childbirth by conducting face-to-face interviews.ResultsIt has been determined that 67.7 per cent of the pregnant women have applied to the emergency unit due to pain. It has also determined that the mean score of fear of childbirth is 66.33±25.25 among women who have applied to emergency services. Also, 21.8 per cent of the women have been found to have a fear of childbirth at a severe-clinical level. Women who have early membrane ruptures have the highest level of fear of childbirth. There is also significant difference between women’s fear of childbirth level depending on knowledge about birth process, readiness to give birth and desired/planned birth (p=0.000).ConclusionThis study showed that on third of the primiparaous who apply to emergency obstetric care has a severe grade of fear of childbirth. It has been determined that fear of childbirth has been found to be lower in the women who has received childbirth education, who has known what they would live during birth, and who has felt ready for delivery. This finding suggests that childbirth education is important to provide low level fear of childbirth for women who apply to emergency obstetric unit

A Program to Protect Integrity of Body-Mind-Spirit: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Program

Mindfulness-based applications allow health care staffs to understand themselves as well as other individuals. Awareness based applications are not only stress reduction techniques but also a way of understanding the life and human existence, and it should not be only used to cope with the diseases. Emotions, thoughts and judgments of people might give direction to their life sometimes. Accessing a life without judgment and negative feelings brings a peaceful and happy life together. Mindfulness based stress reduction exercises may help to enjoy the present time, to cope with the challenges, stress and diseases and accept the negative life experiences rather than to question their reasons. About three decades ago, Kabat-Zin conducted the first investigation of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program which is used commonly all around the world. The 8-weeks program, which contains mindful living exercises (such as eating, walking, cooking, etc.), yoga, body scan and meditation practices, requires doing daily life activity and meditation with attention, openness and acceptance. The aim of this review article is to give information about Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program and to emphasize its importance. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7(1): 68-80

The perinatal loss and parental reflection

In this review, the causes of prenatal losses, pregnancy termination and reflection of this situation for the parents were investigated. Despite great attention in improving perinatal care, perinatal loss (fetal loss and newborn death) continues to occur. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the perinatal period extends from the 20th gestational week through 1 month after birth. However, researchers who study perinatal loss use a broader definition that includes early (during the first 12 weeks following conception) as well as late fetal loss (>20 weeks’ gestation). Of all known pregnancies, an estimated ratio of 12% to 20% ends in an early fetal loss. The most recent available data have revealed that the rates translate to about 1.03 million annual fetal losses and, for 2004, 18.602 newborn deaths. According to the results of 2008, infant mortality rate decreased very rapidly in Turkey. Of the many parents who suffer a perinatal loss, at least 80% become pregnant again, an event that occurs within 18 months. Therefore, it is important for nurses and health care professionals to understand the impact of a perinatal loss on a subsequent pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to perform an investigation on parental, primarily maternal, responses to pregnancy subsequent to perinatal loss, and to describe nursing implications for parents during the subsequent pregnancy

A Program to Protect Integrity of Body-Mind-Spirit: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction Program

Mindfulness-based applications allow health care staffs to understand themselves as well as other individuals. Awareness based applications are not only stress reduction techniques but also a way of understanding the life and human existence, and it should not be only used to cope with the diseases. Emotions, thoughts and judgments of people might give direction to their life sometimes. Accessing a life without judgment and negative feelings brings a peaceful and happy life together. Mindfulness based stress reduction exercises may help to enjoy the present time, to cope with the challenges, stress and diseases and accept the negative life experiences rather than to question their reasons. About three decades ago, Kabat-Zin conducted the first investigation of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program which is used commonly all around the world. The 8-weeks program, which contains mindful living exercises (such as eating, walking, cooking, etc.), yoga, body scan and meditation practices, requires doing daily life activity and meditation with attention, openness and acceptance. The aim of this review article is to give information about Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program and to emphasize its importance. [Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2015; 7(1): 68-80

Partnership with Men for Elimination of Violence against Women

Historically, violence prevention work has been driven by and focused on women. Women still need to be center stage in terms of empowerment, equality and safety. There is a strong potential in work with men in local religious and cultural institutions. Teachers, health care personels, polices, soldiers, imams, priests, monks and local civic leaders wield broad influence, can serve as positive non-violent role models and can make the connections between local beliefs and more peaceful homes and communities. However, many more studies are needed for public awareness and stressing the importance of the role and duties of men to ending the violence. The men are not only the main responsible persons about violence against women, but also the important persons about protect to women rights and this issue should be stressed. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of cooperation of the men to combat violence against women and to give some successful examples about men partnership

Partnership with Men for Elimination of Violence against Women

Historically, violence prevention work has been driven by and focused on women. Women still need to be center stage in terms of empowerment, equality and safety. There is a strong potential in work with men in local religious and cultural institutions. Teachers, health care personels, polices, soldiers, imams, priests, monks and local civic leaders wield broad influence, can serve as positive non-violent role models and can make the connections between local beliefs and more peaceful homes and communities. However, many more studies are needed for public awareness and stressing the importance of the role and duties of men to ending the violence. The men are not only the main responsible persons about violence against women, but also the important persons about protect to women rights and this issue should be stressed. The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of cooperation of the men to combat violence against women and to give some successful examples about men partnership

Assessing quality of life in older adults: psychometric properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire in a nursing home population

Background: Well-adapted and validated quality-of-life measurement models for the nursing home population are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test the psychometrical properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire among cognitively intact nursing home residents. The research question addressed evidence related to the dimensionality, reliability and construct validity, all of which considered interrelated measurement properties. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected during 2017–2018, in 27 nursing homes representing four different Norwegian municipalities, located in Western and Mid-Norway. The total sample comprised 188 of 204 (92% response rate) long-term nursing home residents who met the inclusion criteria: (1) municipality authority’s decision of long-term nursing home care; (2) residential time 3 months or longer; (3) informed consent competency recognized by responsible doctor and nurse; and (4) capable of being interviewed. Results: Principal component analysis and confirmative factor analyses indicated a unidimensional solution. Five of the original 13 items showed low reliability and validity; excluding these items revealed a good model fit for the one-dimensional 8-items measurement model, showing good internal consistency and validity for these 8 items. Conclusion: Five out of the 13 original items were not high-quality indicators of quality-of-life showing low reliability and validity in this nursing home population. Significant factor loadings, goodness-of-fit indices and significant correlations in the expected directions with the selected constructs (anxiety, depression, self-transcendence, meaning-in-life, nurse-patient interaction, and joy-of-life) supported the psychometric properties of the OPQoL-brief questionnaire. Exploring the essence of quality-of-life when residing in a nursing home is highly warranted, followed by development and validation of new tools assessing quality-of-life in this population. Such knowledge and well-adapted scales for the nursing home population are beneficial and important for the further development of care quality in nursing homes, and consequently for quality-of-life and wellbeing in this population