Neuvokas perhe osana perhevalmennusta : - Lapsuusiän ylipainon ennaltaehkäisy

Opinnäytetyönä toteuttiin perhevalmennusilta, jonka osana testattiin Neuvokas perhe –ohjausmenetelmää. Sydänliiton Neuvokas Perhe -ohjausmenetelmä on koko perheen liikunta- ja ravitsemustottumusten kartoittamiseen ja elintapaohjaukseen kehitetty työväline odotus- ja lapsiperheaikana. Opinnäytetyö toteuttiin toiminnallisena.Työn viitekehys rakentuu lasten ylipainon ennaltaehkäisyn tutkimustiedoista ja Neuvokas perhe-ohjausmenetelmästä tuotuna osaksi perhevalmennusta. Opinnäytetyössä selvitetään näiden työmenetelmien yhtenäisyyksiä ja toisiaan täydentäviä merkityksiä. Keskeisiä käsitteitä ovat perhekeskeisyys, motivoiva keskustelu, varhainen vuorovaikutus ja vertaistuki. Perhevalmennusta tulee kehittää, perhekeskeiseksi toimintatavaksi lapsen terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin tukemiseksi Neuvolatyötä ohjaavat uudet asetukset(A 1.7.2009/380.) ja (A13.4.2007/417.) määrittelevät äitiys-ja lastennneuvoloissa tehtävän terveysneuvonnan ainakin osittain tapahtuvaksi niin, että koko perheen on mahdollista siihen osallistua. Työ on samalla ehkäisevää lastensuojelua, jolla edistetään ja turvataan lasten kasvua, kehitystä ja hyvinvointia sekä tuetaan vanhemmuutta.This bachelors´ thesis was carried out by arranging a preparation course for pregnant mothers and the members of their family. The Finnish Heart Association has a teaching tool called ”Neuvokas Perhe”, (a Resourceful Family) which was used as a part of this course. The Neuvokas Perhe- Program has been developed to assess and improve physical exercise and nutritional habits among families expecting a child and families with young children. The research question of the thesis was to determine how the Neuvokas Perhe –program and research-based knowledge of preventive work with overweight children can be brought together in a family preparation course. The thesis examined the coherence and the mutual compatibility of the working methods. The fundamental terms here were family-orientation, motivational dialogue, early interaction and peer support. Preparation courses for expectant mothers and their families are a very important method of support and they should be developed further. In Finland there are two recent decrees ( A 1.7.2009/380.; A13.4.2007/417.) which state that counselling at the maternity clinic should be implemented, at least in part, in such a way that the whole family can participate. This work can also be called preventive child welfare as it promotes child well-being and supports parenting

Associations of muscular fitness and body composition in children

Purpose: To examine the associations between muscular fitness (MF) and body composition. Method: MF was assessed with three tests of FitnessGram test battery. Total body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal fat percentage (AF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Results: MF was inversely associated with BF% and AF%. The children in the moderate and high MF groups had significantly lower BF% and AF% compared with the children in the low MF group within the same BMI category. After adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), BMI and sex, the differences between the MF groups were significant for BF% but not for AF%. Conclusion: There were significant inverse associations between MF and DXA -measured adiposity. Within the same BMI category, total and abdominal adiposity were lower in children with moderate or high MF than in children with low MF.Peer reviewe

Associations of muscular fitness and body composition in children

Purpose: To examine the associations between muscular fitness (MF) and body composition. Method: MF was assessed with three tests of FitnessGram test battery. Total body fat percentage (BF%), abdominal fat percentage (AF%) and fat-free mass (FFM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The IOTF body mass index (BMI) cut-offs were used to define healthy weight, overweight, and obesity. Results: MF was inversely associated with BF% and AF%. The children in the moderate and high MF groups had significantly lower BF% and AF% compared with the children in the low MF group within the same BMI category. After adjusting for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), BMI and sex, the differences between the MF groups were significant for BF% but not for AF%. Conclusion: There were significant inverse associations between MF and DXA -measured adiposity. Within the same BMI category, total and abdominal adiposity were lower in children with moderate or high MF than in children with low MF.Peer reviewe

Keliakia : KÄYPÄ HOITO -SUOSITUS (Päivitystiivistelmä)

Käypä hoito -suositus. Päivitystiivistelm

Clathrin-independent entry of baculovirus triggers uptake of E. coli in non-phagocytic human cells

Peer reviewe

HIIT-harjoittelun vaikutuksia metabolisen oireyhtymän riskitekijöihin sekä hengitys- ja verenkiertoelimistön suorituskykyyn - casetutkimus

Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli tarkastella, voidaanko jo viiden viikon HIIT-harjoittelujakson aikana saada muutoksia metabolisen oireyhtymän riskitekijöihin ja hengitys- ja verenkiertoelimistön suorituskykyyn yksittäisellä henkilöllä. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin case-tutkimuksena, johon osallistui yksi henkilö. Opinnäytetyö toteutettiin yhteistyössä Kunto- ja liikuntakeskus Viilinkin kanssa. Harjoittelujakson aikana testihenkilö suoritti kaksi kolmenkymmenen minuutin HIIT-harjoitusta viikossa normaalien liikuntatottumusten lisäksi. Ruokavalio säilyi ennallaan koko tutkimuksen ajan. Ennen ja jälkeen harjoittelujakson tehtiin mittaukset, joihin kuuluivat kehonkoostumusmittaus, polkupyöräergometritesti sekä verenpaineen ja vyötärönympäryksen mittaukset. Opinnäytetyössä saatiin samankaltaisia tuloksia kuin aiemmin tehdyissä tieteellisissä tutkimuksissa. Submaksimaalisella polkupyöräergometritestillä mitattuna henkilön maksimaalinen ha-penottokyky (VO2max) parantui harjoittelujakson aikana. Kehonkoostumuksessa ja vyötärönympäryksessä ei tapahtunut merkittäviä muutoksia. Tulosten ja testihenkilön oman kokemuksen perusteella voidaan päätellä, että HIIT-harjoittelulla saatiin positiivisia vaikutuksia testihenkilön fyysiseen ja psyykkiseen terveyteen. HIIT-harjoittelusta on tehty suhteellisen vähän opinnäytetöitä. Jatkotutkimusideana voitaisiin tarkastella HIIT-harjoittelua tehneiden henkilöiden subjektiivisia kokemuksia harjoittelumuodosta ja sen käytettävyydestä. HIIT-harjoittelua voitaisiin myös tarkastella osana eri sairausryhmien kuntoutusta.The purpose of this thesis was to examine if metabolic syndrome risk factors and maximal oxy-gen uptake can be affected through a 5-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) programme. The study was conducted as a case study on one subject. HIIT is a training method in which short high-intensity work intervals alternate with longer recovery intervals. The study was com-missioned by the fitness centre Kunto- ja Liikuntakeskus Viilinki. During the training programme, the subject completed two 30-minute HIIT workouts in a week in addition to normal physical activities. There were no changes in the subject’s diet during the study. Body composition measurement, cycle ergometer test, blood pressure and waist circum-ference measurements were performed before and after the intervention. The results of the study were similar to those in earlier scientific researches. The maximal oxy-gen uptake (Vo2max) improved during the five-week period. There were no significant changes in the body composition or waist circumference. It can be concluded that HIIT had positive ef-fects on the physical and mental health of the subject. There are relatively few theses related to HIIT. Subjective experiences of HIIT could be explored in further studies as well as its application in the rehabilitation of people with other diseases

Vocal Emotion Identification by Children Using Cochlear Implants, Relations to Voice Quality, and Musical Interests

PurposeListening tests for emotion identification were conducted with 8–17-year-old children with hearing impairment (HI;N= 25) using cochlear implants, and their 12-year-old peers with normal hearing (N= 18). The study examined the impact of musical interests and acoustics of the stimuli on correct emotion identification.MethodThe children completed a questionnaire with their background information and noting musical interests. They then listened to vocal stimuli produced by actors (N= 5) and consisting of nonsense sentences and prolonged vowels ([a:], [i:], and [u:];N= 32) expressing excitement, anger, contentment, and fear. The children's task was to identify the emotions they heard in the sample by choosing from the provided options. Acoustics of the samples were studied using Praat software, and statistics were examined using SPSS 24 software.ResultsThe children with HI identified the emotions with 57% accuracy and the normal hearing children with 75% accuracy. Female listeners were more accurate than male listeners in both groups. Those who were implanted before age of 3 years identified emotions more accurately than others (p&lt; .05). No connection between the child's audiogram and correct identification was observed. Musical interests and voice quality parameters were found to be related to correct identification.ConclusionsImplantation age, musical interests, and voice quality tended to have an impact on correct emotion identification. Thus, in developing the cochlear implants, it may be worth paying attention to the acoustic structures of vocal emotional expressions, especially the formant frequency of F3. Supporting the musical interests of children with HI may help their emotional development and improve their social lives.</jats:sec

Fundamental movement skills and weight status in children : A systematic review

Background Obesity has become a major health challenge in children. Fundamental movement skills (FMS) are suggested to have an important role for being physically active and decreasing the risk of obesity. This systematic review aimed to give an overview of studies providing evidence for a relationship between FMS and the weight status in children. Material/Methods A systematic search of five electronic databases (MEDLINE (PubMed), SportDiscus, ERIC, PsycInfo and SCOPUS) was conducted in January 2015. Studies examining associations between FMS and weight status in children aged 3–12 years were included. Results The final sample included 12 cross-sectional studies. Seven studies found statistically significant inverse association between FMS and body mass index (BMI). Three studies used waist circumference (WC), and significant inverse associations were found in two of these. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used in one study and significant association was found between FMS and abdominal and total body fat percentage. One study, using skinfolds, found no association. Conclusions Based on the findings of the 12 studies, the relationship between FMS and weight status in children aged 3–12 years remains unclear. Developing competency in FMS may have important health consequences, and more studies are needed in which body composition is objectively measured with DXA.peerReviewe