STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MATERNITY CYCLE OF RITES IN THE TRADITIONAL NATIONAL RITUALISM

In the proposed by the author structure of the cycle of traditional Ukrainian maternity rites, each of them is divided into constituent elements – episodes, and is polyepisodic or polyelemental. The defined criteria for division are: new level, generalizing repetition of the event; material and spiritual metamorphosis of the characters of sacred action; change of sacral chronotope; principle of constant vivification. By the example of the rite of delivery, a composition and antinomies were established, change and expansion of the chronotope and the level of sacralization, which expands when entering the rite and curtails leaving it, are investigated; examples of characters-mediators’ actions and mediation episodes are given. Such approach, using the structural and functional method, provides a broad perspective for further research regarding the traditional folk rites of the family cycle and in particular the cycle of maternity rites.Key words: structural and functional method, rituals of transition, national ritualism, family rites, traditional maternity rite.кандидат філологічних наук, Кухаренко О. О. Структура й функції родильного циклу обрядів у традиційній національній обрядовості / Харківська державна академія культури, Україна, Харків У запропонованій автором структурі циклу традиційних українських родильних обрядів кожен із них розчленований на складові елементи – епізоди, й є поліепізодним чи поліелементним. Визначені критерії поділу: новорівневий, узагальнюючий повтор події, матеріально-духовна метаморфоза персонажів сакральної дії, зміна сакрального хронотопа, принцип постійного оновлення. На прикладі обряду пологів встановлено композицію та антиномії, досліджено зміну й розширення хронотопа та рівень сакралізації, що розширюється під час входження до обряду й згортається при виході з нього; наведено приклади дій персонажів-медіаторів і епізодів медіації. Такий підхід із використанням структурно-функціонального методу надає широку перспективу для подальших наукових досліджень щодо традиційних народних обрядів родинного циклу й зокрема родильних обрядів, що також входять до нього.Ключові слова: структурно-функціональний метод, ритуали переходу, національна обрядовість, родинні обряди, традиційний родильний обряд

FUNERAL CEREMONY IN THE SYSTEM OF STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF FAMILY OBJECTIVES

On the basis of the author's proposed division of the cycle of traditional funeral ceremonies into episodes, a broad perspective for further research is revealed. The criteria of the division of the cycle and each ritual into episodes are considered, in particular, the material-spiritual metamorphosis of the characters of the sacral action. In connection with this criteria, changes in social statuses, compositional construction, deployment and involvement of new participants in sacralization, as well as the relationship with the afterlife, are studied. Structural-functional method is used; the construction of the structure opens up the possibility for researchers to look considerably more widely on the connection between the individual rituals of the cycle, to compare the burial ritual with family and the calendar cycle rituals, etc.Key words: rituals of transition, national family ritual, structural-functional method, traditional funeral ritual.кандидат філологічних наук, Кухаренко О. О. Поховальні обряди в системі структурно-функціональних досліджень родинної обрядовості / Харківська державна академія культури, Україна, Харків На основі запропонованої автором структури поділу циклу традиційних поховальних обрядів на епізоди означено перспективу щодо подальших досліджень. Розглядаються критерії членування циклу й кожного обряду на епізоди, зокрема матеріально-духовна метаморфоза персонажів сакральної дії. У зв’язку з указаним критерієм, досліджуються зміни соціальних статусів, композиція, розгортання й залучення нових учасників до сакралізації, а також зв'язок із потойбіччям. Використано структурно-функціональний метод; побудова структури відкриває перед дослідниками можливість значно ширше розглянути зв’язки між окремими обрядами циклу, порівняти поховання з іншими родинними й календарними обрядами тощо.Ключові слова: обряди переходу, національна родинна обрядовість, структурно-функціональний метод, традиційний поховальний обряд

Stability of boron-doped graphene/copper interface: DFT, XPS and OSEE studies

Two different types of boron-doped graphene/copper interfaces synthesized using two different flow rates of Ar through the bubbler containing the boron source were studied. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) measurements have demonstrated that boron-doped graphene coating provides a high corrosion resistivity of Cu-substrate with the light traces of the oxidation of carbon cover. The density functional theory calculations suggest that for the case of substitutional (graphitic) boron-defect only the oxidation near boron impurity is energetically favorable and creation of the vacancies that can induce the oxidation of copper substrate is energetically unfavorable. In the case of non-graphitic boron defects oxidation of the area, a nearby impurity is metastable that not only prevent oxidation but makes boron-doped graphene. Modeling of oxygen reduction reaction demonstrates high catalytic performance of these materials.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Appl. Surf. Sc

Atomic and electronic structure of a copper/graphene interface as prepared and 1.5 years after

We report the results of X-ray spectroscopy and Raman measurements of as-prepared graphene on a high quality copper surface and the same materials after 1.5 years under different conditions (ambient and low humidity). The obtained results were compared with density functional theory calculations of the formation energies and electronic structures of various structural defects in graphene/Cu interfaces. For evaluation of the stability of the carbon cover, we propose a two-step model. The first step is oxidation of the graphene, and the second is perforation of graphene with the removal of carbon atoms as part of the carbon dioxide molecule. Results of the modeling and experimental measurements provide evidence that graphene grown on high-quality copper substrate becomes robust and stable in time (1.5 years). However, the stability of this interface depends on the quality of the graphene and the number of native defects in the graphene and substrate. The effect of the presence of a metallic substrate with defects on the stability and electronic structure of graphene is also discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted to Appl. Surf. Sc

The temperature fields in electrically heated wires at crisis of boiling

The self-organization processes take place in several phenomena and physical objects and in particular they arise in metals in conditions of charge transfer. At liquid helium temperature in conditions of the increase of direct current flowing through bismuth, indium and tungsten there arise unstabilities of charge carries flux and this process exhibits itself in electromagnetic oscillations generation. This instability the authors refer to the mutual influence of the current flowing through the sample and magnetic field of the current. With this heat flux density through the sample’s surfaces didn’t exceed 0.1 W/sm2. Such a value of heat flux is сlose to the first boiling crisis but the author state that the nature of these phenomena is no case is connected with the heat removal specific features

Optical transparency and local electronic structure of Yb-doped Y 2 O 3 ceramics with tetravalent additives

The results of optical transmission and X-ray core-level spectra measurements of Yb:Y 2 O 3 ceramics with different tetravalent sintering additives (ZrO 2 , CeO 2 and HfO 2 ) fabricated from nanopowders (produced by the laser ablation method) and then annealed at 1400 °C in air for 2 h are presented. It is found that the transmission values for ZrO 2 - and HfO 2 -doped ceramics at the lasing wavelengths are higher than those of CeO 2 -doped samples. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) O 1s spectra show that the relative intensity of oxygen defect peak detected for 3Yb:Y 2 O 3 + 5CeO 2 ceramics decreases substantially and consistently compared to that of 5Yb:Y 2 O 3 + 5HfO 2 and 3Yb:Y 2 O 3 + 5ZrO 2 samples. This can be attributed to a more complete filling of oxygen vacancies due to annealing-induced oxygen diffusion into the highly defective sintered ceramics. The measurements of XPS Ce 3d spectra showed that the insufficiently complete filling of the oxygen vacancies in the 3Yb:Y 2 O 3 + 5CeO 2 compound is due to the appreciable presence of trivalent cerium ions. © 2019 by the authors.Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 3.7270.2017/8.9This study was supported by FASO (Theme "Electron" No. AAAA-A18-118020190098-5). The XPS measurements were supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project No. 3.7270.2017/8.9) and the Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, agreement No. 02.A03.21.0006). Fabrication of ceramic samples was performed in the framework of the state task of IEP UB RAS

CuO-CeO2 nanocomposite catalysts produced by mechanochemical synthesis

Mechanochemical synthesis based on ball-milling of individual oxides was applied as a one-step preparation technique for CuO-CeO2 catalyst for preferential CO oxidation in H2 excess. The mechanical energy dose transferred to the original powder mixture determines both the catalyst composition and activity. It is found that after 90 min of milling (corresponding to a dose of 372 kJ mol-1), a mixture of 10 wt.% CuO-CeO2 powder exhibits a CO conversion of 97% at 423 K. Four active oxygen states, which are not observed in case of pure CeO2, were detected in the nanocomposite lattice and attributed to the presence of Cu in surface sites as well as in subsurface bulk sites of CeO2, in nearest neighbor and next nearest neighbor positions. Correspondingly, oxidation of CO to CO2 was found to occur in a two-stage process with Tmax = 395/460 K, and oxidation of H2 to H2O likewise in a four-stage process with Tmax = 426/448/468/516 K. The milled powder consists of CeO2 crystallites sized 8-10 nm agglomerated to somewhat larger aggregates, with CuO dispersed on the surface of the CeO2 crystallites, and to a lesser extent present as Cu2O. © 2019 Author(s).This work was partially supported by Russian Foundation for Basic Research [Projects n.n. 16-03-00330a and 16-03-00178a] in theoretical studies and part of experimental research and by FASO [program no. AAAA-A18-118012390374-3]. XPS measurements were supported by FASO (Theme “Electron”). The Alexander von Humboldt foundation is gratefully acknowledged for funding. We also would like to thank N. Berezkina for SEM measurements. We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. Declarations of interest: none