Marie Stopes

Marie Stopes, scientist, birth control activist, and author, was born in Scotland and moved to London in her teens. Her father was an architect and her mother a Shakespeare scholar and campaigner for women’s education. Prodigiously bright, Stopes had earned two doctoral degrees by the age of twenty-five and enjoyed early academic success in paleobotany (the study of fossil plants). Her first marriage, in 1911, was not a success and after five years she secured an annulment on grounds of non-consummation. In the meantime, she had embarked on research in sexology, work which included observation of her own sexual feelings, and had met and exchanged ideas with US birth control campaigner Margaret Sanger. In 1918, her book Married Love, subtitled A New Contribution to the Solution of Sex Difficulties, was published and she married her second husband, Humphrey Roe, retaining her maiden name. The same year also saw the publication of Wise Parenthood, which dealt explicitly with contraception. These books sold in hundreds of thousands and went into numerous editions; by 1921, when she opened her first birth control clinic, Stopes had become a household name. Unheard of in its time, her unique selling point was the idea that women’s happiness and sexual fulfillment in marriage rested upon their ability to control their own fertility

From sea to land and beyond : new insights into the evolution of euthyneuran Gastropoda (Mollusca)

Background The Euthyneura are considered to be the most successful and diverse group of Gastropoda. Phylogenetically, they are riven with controversy. Previous morphology-based phylogenetic studies have been greatly hampered by rampant parallelism in morphological characters or by incomplete taxon sampling. Based on sequences of nuclear 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA as well as mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI DNA from 56 taxa, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Euthyneura utilising Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The evolution of colonization of freshwater and terrestrial habitats by pulmonate Euthyneura, considered crucial in the evolution of this group of Gastropoda, is reconstructed with Bayesian approaches. Results We found several well supported clades within Euthyneura, however, we could not confirm the traditional classification, since Pulmonata are paraphyletic and Opistobranchia are either polyphyletic or paraphyletic with several clades clearly distinguishable. Sacoglossa appear separately from the rest of the Opisthobranchia as sister taxon to basal Pulmonata. Within Pulmonata, Basommatophora are paraphyletic and Hygrophila and Eupulmonata form monophyletic clades. Pyramidelloidea are placed within Euthyneura rendering the Euthyneura paraphyletic. Conclusion Based on the current phylogeny, it can be proposed for the first time that invasion of freshwater by Pulmonata is a unique evolutionary event and has taken place directly from the marine environment via an aquatic pathway. The origin of colonisation of terrestrial habitats is seeded in marginal zones and has probably occurred via estuaries or semi-terrestrial habitats such as mangroves

Elinor Glyn

Perhaps most remembered in the United States for her best-selling 1907 novel of exotic sensuality Three Weeks and her brainchild “It,” that enigmatic characteristic embodied in actress Clara Bow and dramatized in the silent motion picture It (1927), English-born journalist, novelist, screenwriter, and actress Elinor Glyn, born Elinor Sutherland, embarked on her American career in 1920 during her second visit to the United States. In October of 1907, at forty-two, Glyn, traveling as Elinor Glyn, the authoress of romantic fiction, boarded the Lusitania and set sail for New York on her first American tour in order to promote Three Weeks. According to her British biographer, Joan Hardwick, “the reception of Three Weeks in the States had renewed [Glyn’s] confidence and she decided to try her hand at dramatizing it” (133). Before that version materialized, however, Glyn returned to England, but only after lengthening her stay with a journey by rail through the American West to California. Her 1907 tour of the United States and her introduction to American culture and way of life may very well have laid the fertile groundwork for her 1920 return and subsequent work as writer, director, producer, and actress in Hollywood

Memory texts and memory work: Performances of memory in and with visual media

The online version of this article can be found at: http://mss.sagepub.com/content/early/2010/05/24/175069801037003

Does bladder wall thickness decrease when obstruction is resolved?

Introduction and hypothesis: The aim of the current study was to determine if sonographic bladder wall thickness diminishes after symptomatic obstruction is resolved in female patients after stress incontinence surgery. Methods: Between December 2008 and December 2010, 62 female patients with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction, as defined by Blaivas, who had undergone prior surgery for urinary stress incontinence were included in the study. The patients' history was taken and symptoms were noted. Patients underwent gynaecological examination, and multichannel urodynamic assessment was performed. Vaginal sonographic assessment of the bladder wall thickness (BWT) was performed before and after urethrolysis. Results: 62 patients were included in this study, 55 of whom had undergone suburethral sling insertion and seven had Burch colposuspension. Postoperatively, BWT decreased significantly from 9.1mm ± 2.1 to 7.6mm ± 2.2 (p < 0.0001). In seven patients, obstruction was still unresolved postoperatively; of these, two had undergone a retropubic sling insertion and two had a Burch colposuspension. An ROC curve analysis showed a significant positive association between residual urine and persistent obstruction before surgery (AUC 0.76, 95%CI 0.58-0.94; p < 0.05). Conclusions: If obstruction is resolved, bladder wall thickness decreases. Preoperatively elevated residual urine may increase the risk of persistent obstruction after urethrolysi

Mandy con perspectiva

Kuhn, A. (1995). Mandy con perspectiva. Vértigo. Revista de cine. (12):60-67. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/43044.Importación Masiva60671

Sexual function after suburethral sling removal for dyspareunia

Introduction: Impact on sexual function has received little attention in the medical literature for a long time. Because of the site of insertion of permanent tension free vaginal tape (TVT) the G spot might be affected or the tape might interfere with arousal and sensory stimulation. Recent studies have reported varying degrees of sexual impairment after TVT insertion ranging from 0% to 15% including dyspareunia. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate sexual function before and after suburethral sling removal due to postoperative female de novo dyspareunia. As a secondary outcome, general patients' satisfaction with their overall continence situation was assessed. Patients and methods: Between December 2005 and December 2007, we included 18 female patients who complained of de novo dyspareunia after suburethral sling insertion for urinary stress incontinence. All patients filled in an FSFI questionnaire prior to sling removal and at 3 months postoperatively. Additionally, all women were asked to estimate their general satisfaction regarding their continence situation using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) from 0 to 10, with 0 being the least satisfying situation and 10 being the most satisfying situation. All patients underwent gynaecological examination including ICS-pelvic organ prolapse staging (ICS-POP score). Results: Of the 18 slings, ten were transobturator tapes (6 × TVT-O, 2 × Monarch, 2 × unknown) and eight were retropubic tapes (7 × TVT, 1 × SPARC). Desire, arousal, lubrication, satisfaction, and pain improved statistically significant. Orgasm scores were low with median scoring of 1.5 scores before and 1.0 scores after sling removal, and they did not change significantly after sling removal. The satisfaction rate deteriorated from a median of 7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3-7.7) to a median of 4 (95% CI 3.7-5.1; p=0.99) but not statistically significant. Conclusions: Sexual function in patients with de novo dyspareuina is likely to improve after sling removal but not in all domains. Bladder function may deteriorat