1,970 research outputs found
Employment consequences of restrictive permanent contracts: Evidence from Spanish labor market reforms
Temporary employment contracts allowing unrestricted dismissals were introduced in Spain in 1984 and quickly came to account for most new jobs. As a result, temporary employment increased from around 10% in the mid-eighties to more than 30% in the early nineties. In 1997, however, the Spanish government attempted to reduce the incidence of temporary employment by reducing payroll taxes and dismissal costs for permanent contracts. In this paper, we use individual data from the Spanish Labor Force Survey to estimate the effects of reduced payroll taxes and dismissal costs on the distribution of employment and worker flows. We exploit the fact that recent reforms apply only to certain demographic groups to set up a natural experiment research design that can be used to study the effects of contract regulations. Our results show that the reduction of payroll taxes and dismissal costs increased the employment of young workers on permanent contracts, although the effects for young women are not always significant. Results for older workers show insignificant effects. The results suggest a moderately elastic response of permanent employment to non-wage labor costs for young men. We also find positive effects on the transitions from unemployment and temporary employment into permanent employment for young and older workers, although the effects for older workers are not always significant. On the other hand, transitions from permanent employment to non-employment increased only for older men, suggesting that the reform had little effect on dismissals.Temporary employment, dismissal costs, payroll taxes, European unemployment
Derivation of exact flow equations from the self-consistent parquet relations
We exploit the parquet formalism to derive exact flow equations for the
two-particle-reducible four-point vertices, the self-energy, and typical
response functions, circumventing the reliance on higher-point vertices. This
includes a concise, algebraic derivation of the multiloop flow equations, which
have previously been obtained by diagrammatic considerations. Integrating the
multiloop flow for a given input of the totally irreducible vertex is
equivalent to solving the parquet equations with that input. Hence, one can
tune systems from solvable limits to complicated situations by variation of
one-particle parameters, staying at the fully self-consistent solution of the
parquet equations throughout the flow. Furthermore, we use the resulting
differential form of the Schwinger-Dyson equation for the self-energy to
demonstrate one-particle conservation of the parquet approximation and to
construct a conserving two-particle vertex via functional differentiation of
the parquet self-energy. Our analysis gives a unified picture of the various
many-body relations and exact renormalization group equations
Evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of betalainic fruits and vegetables
The present investigation determined total phenolics, ascorbic acid, betalain contents and the corresponding antioxidant capacities of betalain-bearing fruits and vegetables. In addition to differently coloured Swiss chard petioles (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. cicla [L.] Alef. cv. âBright Lightsâ) and hypocotyls of white, yellow, and red beetroot varieties (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris, cv. âAlbina Veredunaâ, cv. âBurpeeâs Goldenâ, and cv. âRote Kugel 2â), juices from cactus pears (Opuntia ficus-indica [L.] Mill. cv. âGiallaâ and cv. âRossaâ) and pitaya fruits (Hylocereus polyrhizus [Weber] Britton & Rose, H. undatus [Haworth] Britton & Rose, Selenicereus megalanthus [K. Schumann ex Vaupel] Moran) were included in this study. Antioxidant capacities were determined by application of the TEAC and FRAP assays, respectively, resulting in differing rankings of the commodities investigated. In both test systems, highest antioxidant capacity was shown for red beetroot extract while for the remaining samples no straightforward order could be established
Increase and development of wheat production, phase I (1971-March 1980): draft interim report.
bitstream/item/126672/1/ID-5623.pd
Being on the same page about social rules and norms: Effects of shared relational models on cooperation in work teams
In working teams, each member has an individual understanding of the social rules and norms that underlie social relationships in the team, as well as about what behavior is appropriate and what behavior can be expected from others. What happens if the members of a team are not âon the same pageâ with respect to these social rules and norms? Drawing on relational models theory, which posits four elemental relational models that people use to coordinate their social interactions, we examined the effects of a common understanding of relational models in teams (i.e., âshared relational modelsâ) on various aspects of cooperative and uncooperative behaviors. We hypothesized that a shared understanding of relational models in a team is positively related to justice perception and negatively related to relationship conflict, which are in turn related to helping behavior and knowledge hiding. We conducted a field study, collecting data from 46 work teams (N = 189 total participants) in various organizations, and found support for all proposed hypotheses. Our findings emphasize the importance of a shared understanding of relational models for (un)cooperative behavior in teams, thereby opening a new door for research on relational models in organizations
Mindfulness and Leadership
In recent years, the construct of mindfulness has gained growing attention in psychological research. However, little is known about the effects of mindfulness on interpersonal interactions and social relationships at work. Addressing this gap, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mindfulness in leaderâfollower relationships. Building on prior research, we hypothesize that leadersâ mindfulness is reflected in a specific communication style (âmindfulness in communicationâ), which is positively related to followersâ satisfaction with their leaders. We used nested survey data from 34 leaders and 98 followers from various organizations and tested mediation hypotheses using hierarchical linear modeling. Our hypotheses were confirmed by our data in that leadersâ self-reported mindfulness showed a positive relationship with several aspects of followersâ satisfaction. This relationship was fully mediated by leadersâ mindfulness in communication as perceived by their followers. Our findings emphasize the potential value of mindfulness in workplace settings. They provide empirical evidence for a positive link between leadersâ dispositional mindfulness and the wellbeing of their followers, indicating that mindfulness is not solely an individual resource but also fosters interpersonal skills. By examining leadersâ mindfulness in communication as an explanatory process, we created additional clarification about how leadersâ mindfulness relates to followersâ perceptions, offering a promising starting point for measuring behavioral correlates of leader mindfulness
In-plane optical spectral weight transfer in optimally doped BiSrCaCuO
We examine the redistribution of the in-plane optical spectral weight in the
normal and superconducting state in tri-layer \bbb (Bi2223) near optimal doping
( = 110 K) on a single crystal via infrared reflectivity and spectroscopic
ellipsometry. We report the temperature dependence of the low-frequency
integrated spectral weight for different values of the cutoff
energy . Two different model-independent analyses consistently show
that for = 1 eV, which is below the charge transfer gap,
increases below , implying the lowering of the kinetic
energy of the holes. This is opposite to the BCS scenario, but it follows the
same trend observed in the bi-layer compound \bb (Bi2212). The size of this
effect is larger in Bi2223 than in Bi2212, approximately scaling with the
critical temperature. In the normal state, the temperature dependence of
is close to up to 300 K
"WissensWert - Wert des Wissens": Kooperativer Bericht von der ODOK 2012 - 14. Ăsterreichisches Online-Informationstreffen und 15. Ăsterreichischer Dokumentartag in Wels (12.-14. September 2012)
cooperative report of the Austrian library conference ODOK "worth knowing - the worth of knowledge", September 201
Biocharts: a visual formalism for complex biological systems
We address one of the central issues in devising languages, methods and tools for the modelling and analysis of complex biological systems, that of linking high-level (e.g. intercellular) information with lower-level (e.g. intracellular) information. Adequate ways of dealing with this issue are crucial for understanding biological networks and pathways, which typically contain huge amounts of data that continue to grow as our knowledge and understanding of a system increases. Trying to comprehend such data using the standard methods currently in use is often virtually impossible. We propose a two-tier compound visual language, which we call Biocharts, that is geared towards building fully executable models of biological systems. One of the main goals of our approach is to enable biologists to actively participate in the computational modelling effort, in a natural way. The high-level part of our language is a version of statecharts, which have been shown to be extremely successful in software and systems engineering. The statecharts can be combined with any appropriately well-defined language (preferably a diagrammatic one) for specifying the low-level dynamics of the pathways and networks. We illustrate the language and our general modelling approach using the well-studied process of bacterial chemotaxis
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