State business: gender, sex and marriage in Tajikistan

This article examines the relation of the state to masculinity and sexuality by way of an exploration of the sexual problems of a young man and his wife in Tajikistan at the end of the Soviet era. It suggests that the regime’s inattention to this kind of issue was bound up with the importance to the state of projecting appropriate versions of masculinity. It further posits the idea that the continued refusal of the independent Tajik state to offer appropriate treatments for sexual dysfunction is consistent with the image of modernity President Rahmon wishes to present to the world. The article shows that as masculinity discursively occupies the superior gender position, with men expected to dominate, the state is itself impotent to respond when they are, in fact, unable to do so in sexual practice. However, the myth of male dominance persists to the point that it may prevent women from seeing beyond their subordination and finding mutually beneficial solutions in their familial and sexual relationships

Understanding the moral economy of post-Soviet societies: an investigation into moral sentiments and material interests in Kyrgyzstan

The article offers three competing conceptual approaches to the moral economy in post-Soviet societies: the economic market, the socially embedded and the moral sentiments approaches. We aim to contribute to the debate on how post-Soviet economies are socially constituted, paying particular attention to their moral and ethical aspects, and arguing for a cross-disciplinary account of Kyrgyzstani market society that engages with political economy, post-communism and moral philosophy. We analyse how, as vulnerable and dependent human beings, we care for and have responsibilities for others, though it is a struggle to pursue these concerns and commitments and to have compassion in a harsh economic environment. We suggest that the moral sentiments approach reveals how moral emotions inform and motivate economic behaviour and affect human well-being. By analysing the transition in the public sector, social networks and real markets in Kyrgyzstan, this perspective explains how shame, frustration and anger dominate people's lives and how corruption emerges in the absence of both positive moral emotions and human capabilities

Development in Kyrgyzstan : Failed State or Failed Statebuilding?

This chapter examines the tensions present in approaches to development in Kyrgyzstan. It argues that development in this small post-Soviet republic has been approached primarily as formal statebuilding (Marquette & Beswick 2011), implying a belief that domestic political institutions and processes are the primary cause of fragility and that the adoption of democratic institutions and free market economic policies will result in development. The consequences of this inherently normative endeavour are explored in terms of the local political economy that has developed since independence and especially in the 2000s. Centrally, it is demonstrated how the competing interests and priorities of donors and local elite have undermined development efforts. On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that rather than being framed as a failing or failed state, Kyrgyzstan is better understood as a case of failed statebuilding that cannot be remedied by the adoption of the current principles for development in fragile states situations, as adopted by the international community. Instead, the focus needs to be on facilitating the rebuilding of state-society relations both locally and internationally with a view to beginning to check the marketization of the state that has occurred

A ‘balikbayan’ in the field: scaling and (re)producing insider’s identity in a Philippine fishing community

Insider researchers are often construed as having an easy time in the field, with their stay in fieldwork sites less demanding than their outsider counterparts. In some ways, this is true, with less efforts to know the place, its people and history, and master the idioms of everyday life. But being an insider researcher could prove challenging in a place that ascribes a particular salience to a specific identity like ‘balikbayan’, a Filipino word for a native who has either lived or worked abroad for a number of years and returns home for a visit. Based on an empirical ethnographic study of a fishing community in the Philippines, I argue that insider researchers in developing economies like the Philippines are faced with more challenges pertaining to their newly acquired status identity as returning natives in the context of their ability to be mobile and jump scales – from local to national and global – and the economic and symbolic appurtenances, among many, attached to it. Thus, in the context of their status identity, insider researchers’ social reproduction in the field must be attended to in order to further understand the ways in which informants make sense of their place in the world and agency over the conduct of and their involvement in research of homecoming native researchers