Effects of a moving X-line in a time-dependent reconnection model

In the frame of magnetized plasmas, reconnection appears as an essential process for the description of plasma acceleration and changing magnetic field topology. Under the variety of reconnection regions in our solar system, we focus our research onto the Earth's magnetotail. Under certain conditions a Near Earth Neutral Line (NENL) is free to evolve in the current sheet of the magnetotail. Reconnection in this region leads to the formation of Earth- and tailward propagating plasma bulges, which can be detected by the Cluster or Geotail spacecraft. Observations give rise to the assumption that the evolved reconnection line does not provide a steady state behavior, but is propagating towards the tail (e.g., Baker et al., 2002). Based on a time-dependent variant of the Petschek model of magnetic reconnection, we present a method that includes an X-line motion and discuss the effects of such a motion. We focus our main interest on the shock structure and the magnetic field behavior, both for the switch-on and the switch-off phase

Optimal Control Problem Investigation for Linear Time-Invariant Systems of Fractional Order with Lumped Parameters Described by Equations with Riemann-Liouville Derivative

This paper studies two optimal control problems for linear time-invariant systems of fractional order with lumped parameters whose dynamics is described by equations which contain Riemann-Liouville derivative. The first problem is to find control with minimal norm and the second one is to find control with minimal control time at given restriction for control norm. The problem setting with nonlocal initial conditions is considered which differs from other known settings for integer-order systems and fractional-order systems described in terms of equations with Caputo derivative. Admissible controls are allowed to belong to the class of functions which are p-integrable on half segment. The basic investigation approach is the moment method. The correctness and solvability of moment problem are validated for considered problem setting for the system of arbitrary dimension. It is shown that corresponding conditions are analogous to those derived for systems which are described in terms of equations with Caputo derivative. For several particular cases of one- and two-dimensional systems the posed problems are solved explicitly. The dependencies of basic values from derivative index and control time are analyzed. The comparison is performed of obtained results with known results for analogous integer-order systems and fractional-order systems which are described by equations with Caputo derivative

Ethical Expertise for Gene Diagnostics and Gene Therapy Clinical Studies

Purpose of the study: to develop proposals for improving regulatory documentation on ethical expertise (EE) of gene diagnostics and gene therapy clinical studies.Materials and methods. We used general philosophical research methods, including the formal-logical, historical method, comparative method, systematic approach and axiological method. We analyzed 10 international acts, including acts of «soft law», 4 documents adopted at the level of interstate integration entities, 7 domestic normative legal acts, and a number of various doctrinal sources on the topic under consideration. In addition, we analyzed the regulatory documents for ethical committees (EC) acivities, including those from a historical perspective.Results. We formulated the concept of EE, defined the principles and main areas of EE, including the personalized medicine, and suggested the regulatory principles of EE operating.Conclusion. To improve the regulation of EE, the legal status and requirements for the activities of independent ECs should fit the scope of EE, differentially related to the area of a trial (non-interventional trials, clinical trials with a drug treatment); at the national level, independent ECs conducting EE of drug treatmemnt clinical trials should be institutionalized into a single system; to improve the activities of independent ECs in the field of clinical testing, the development of a special normative regulation is required

Extirpation of distal part of the pacreas in the severe erosive intraperitoneal bleeding caused by postoperative necrotic acute pancreatitis

Institutul de chirurgie „A.V. Vishnevskii”, Moscova, Rusia, Al XII-lea Congres al Asociației Chirurgilor „Nicolae Anestiadi” din Republica Moldova cu participare internațională 23-25 septembrie 2015Introducere: Pancreatita acută postoperatorie (PAP) reprezintă o complicație gravă ce apare după o intervenție chirurgicală pe pancreas (P). Incidența ei poate atinge 58,9%, în timp ce formele severe se întîlnesc în 24,2% cazuri (Kubyshkin V.A.). O trăsătură distinctivă este apariția pe fonul acesteia a dehiscenței anastomotice, fistulelor pancreatice (FP) și hemoragiilor erozive (HE). Scopul lucrării: De a aprecia eficacitatea rezecției bontului pancreatic în caz de HE postoperatorie. Material și metode: La 17 pacienți sursa de HE a fost vena lienală și mezenterică superioară, artera hepatică și mezenterică superioară. Toți pacienții au fost distribuiți în 2 grupuri. În primul grup (5 pacienți) intervenția chirurgicală s-a finisat cu suturarea și ligaturarea vaselor, în cel de-al doilea – extirparea bontului pancreatic. HE a apărut în 8-15 zile după operația inițială, în timp ce FP a fost obsevată în toate cazurile. Rezultate: Toți pacienții au suportat intervenție chirurgicală de urgență. Suturarea vasului sîngerînd s-a efectuat în 5 cazuri, dintre care în 3 au fost relevate hemoragii repetate (toți 5 pacienți au decedat). Extirparea bontului distal pancreatic a fost efectuată la 12 pacienți, dintre care 8 au supraviețuit, iar 4 au decedat. În toate cazurile de deces operația a fost efectuată în condiții de anemie posthemoragică severă. Concluzii: Suturarea și ligaturarea vasului sîngerînd în cazul PAP necrotice deseori este neefectivă și se soldează cu decesul pacientului. Profilaxia apariției și tratamentul adecvat al PAP permite prevenirea formării FP și reduce riscul apariției HE. Extirparea bontului distal pancreatic în cazul PAP severe, deși este o intervenție de disperare, poate fi recomandată cu scop curativ.Introduction: Postoperative acute pancreatitis (PAP) is a serious complication that occurs after surgery on the pancreas (P). The incidence can reach 58.9%, while severe forms are encountered in 24.2% cases (Kubyshkin VA). Its distinctive feature is the occurence of anastomotic dehiscence, pancreatic fistulas (PF) and erosive hemorrhage (EH). The aim: To assess the effectiveness of distal pancreatic resection in cases of postoperative EH. Material and methods: In 17 patients the source of EH was superior mesenteric and splenic vein, hepatic and superior mesenteric artery. All patients were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (5 patients) surgery ended with suturing and ligation of vessels in the second group – distal pancreatic resection was performed. EH appeared in 8-15 days after the initial surgery. PF was mentioned in all cases. Results: All patients have undergone emergency surgery. The suture of the bleeding vessel was performed in 5 cases, including 3 cases of repeated bleeding (all 5 patients died). Distal pancreatic resection was performed in 12 patients: 8 pat ients have survived, 4 – died. In all cases of death, the surgery was performed in patients with posthaemorrhagic severe anemia. Conclusions: Suturing and ligation of bleeding vessels in necrotic PAP is inefficient and often leads to death of the patient. The prevention of occurrence and adequate treatment of PAP allows to prevent the PF formation and reduces the risk of EH. Extirpation of distal part of the pancreas cause a severe PAP, though is an desperate operation, but may be recommended for therapeutic purposes

Legislation of the Russian Federation in the Field of Protection of Genomic and Genetic Information in the Framework of Medical Diagnostics

Objective: to formulate recommendations and proposals for improving legislation in the field of protection of genomic and genetic information, including those obtained as a result of medical diagnostics.Materials and methods. We analyzed 18 regulatory legal acts, including 4 international, 3 acts of foreign states, 11 domestic legislation and judicial practice in the area under study. In addition, scientific works on this topic were analyzed. In the course of the study, we used the formal-logical, dogmatic, comparative method and axiological approaches.Results. We formulated the concepts of genomic and genetic information and demonstrated differences between these concepts. We showed topical issues of information protection, identified problems in the field of legal regulation of relevant relations, formulated recommendations and proposals for improving legal regulation.Conclusion. Based on performed research results, we recommend: 1. To incorporate in the legislation of the Russian Federation the principle that would allow the use of genetic information for further research depending on certain cases using a criteria-based approach, when such use should meet important public interests, for example, contributes to developing methods for the treatment of serious and socially significant diseases. 2. Regulate relations in the field of obtaining consent for research of biological material for scientific purposes (for example, within the framework of the Federal Law "On Personal Data"). 3. To define in Federal Law No. 86-FZ of July 5, 1996 "On State Regulation in the Field of Genetic Engineering Activities" the cases that require ethical examination in order to comply with the principle of safety of clinical trials of gene diagnostic methods, as well as in other cases. 4. Medical organizations shall ensure compliance with the rules of professional ethics in terms of data confidentiality, carry out their depersonalization, notify patients in writing about compliance with such a regime and, as a result, provide guarantees for the protection of information about patients, as well as about their relatives

Optimization of a diagnostic algorithm for benign breast nodules

The results of examinations were studied in 76 reproductive-aged patients with benign breast nodules (BBNs). The determination of the leukocyte common antigen CD45 in the trephine biopsy specimens, as well as proteinase activity in the solid tumor homogenates and in the cyst puncture samples in the preoperative stage or the postpuncture period can identify groups of patients with BBNs in relation to a tissue inflammatory response. BBNs with a tissue inflammatory response showed increases in the level of nonspecific proteinases and in the expression of the leukocyte common antigen CD45, which was accompanied enhanced proliferative activity (Ki-67) and elevated levels of apoptosis proteins (p53 and Bcl-2), and estrogen and prolactin receptors