The functional morphology of the mouthparts of acheta domesticus (L.) (orthoptera : gryllidae)

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循環型社会に向けた環境共生型高分子複合材料の開発

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨）学位記番号：生工博甲第282号 学位授与年月日：平成29年3月24

Ectopic premolar tooth in the sigmoid notch

Impaction of a mandibular premolar is relatively uncommon. Ectopic placement is more unusual and there has been no discussion in the literature of an ectopic mandibular premolar in the coronoid process. In this case report, we present an impacted ectopic mandibular permanent premolar in the sigmoid notch (incisura mandibulae) region. Etiology of the tooth and treatment options are discussed and illustrated by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images

Multi-Scale Multi-Physics Modeling of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a fast-developing metal additive manufacturing process offering unique capabilities including geometric freedom, flexibility, and part customization. The process induces complicated thermal histories with high temperature gradients and cooling rates, leading to rapid solidification microstructures with anisotropic properties as different from those produced conventionally. In addition, the LPBF parts exhibit to a large extent of in-sample and sample-to-sample variabilities in the microstructure and consequently part performance. The high variability in the microstructure and properties is considered the major obstacle against the widespread adoption of LPBF as a viable manufacturing technique. Therefore, a more in depth understanding and control of the solidification microstructure is needed to achieve the LPBF fabricated parts with desired properties. Since the solidification microstructure is highly influenced by the thermal input, it is essential to have an accreditable thermal model first. Therefore, a portion of this dissertation was devoted to developing an accurate thermal model through various methods including code-to-code verification and experimental validation. The materials used in this portion include Ti-6Al-4V, NiTi-SMA (Shape Memory Alloy). Next, a multi-scale multi-physics modeling framework which couples a finite element (FE) thermal model to a non-equilibrium phase field (PF) model was developed to investigate the rapid solidification microstructure during LPBF. The framework was utilized to predict the spatial variation in the morphology, size and micro-segregation in the single-track deposition of binary NiNb alloy during LPBF and a very good agreement with the experimental measurements was achieved

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Self-Perceived Oral Health Among College-Going Students in Karachi, Pakistan

Background: Oral health inequalities are becoming a major threat to public health, and they excessively burden disadvantaged communities, especially within low and middle-income countries. This study explored the socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived oral health behaviors among college-going students in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 328 college-going students using a convenient sampling technique from three different socioeconomic groups including urban slums, middle, and rich class neighborhoods. Oral health was assessed using three measures: daily tooth brushing, weekly sweet consumption, and substance abuse. Socio-economic inequalities were measured using binary logistic regression (odds ratios), relative index of inequality, and slope index of inequality. Results: Out of 328 participants, 56.4% perceived their oral health as fair, 24.1% good, 14.9% poor, while only 4.6% had an excellent perception of oral health. Significant inequalities were found regarding oral health behaviours with fraternal income, occupation, and education level. Education-related absolute inequalities among college-going students were1.28(95% CI -2.19, -0.36 p-value\u3c0.01), -1.34(95% CI -2.16, -0.52, p-value\u3c0.01), -1.43(95% CI -2.70, -0.15, p-value\u3c0.01) with tooth brushing, high sweet consumption, and substance abuse respectively. Similarly, income and occupation-related absolute inequalities were also existent. Conclusions: In Pakistan, data among college-going students regarding oral healthcare is scarce. Significant inequalities were found in oral health behaviours among college-going students. Thus, there is a need to design equity-based health system provisions specifically to address the needs of poor segments of society