The Action of the Disaster Prevention Education in the Uekusa Gakuen Junior College（Part 8）:

本学では平成23年から繰り返される大災害にその都度被災地支援を行ってきた。平成26年度より体系化した教育プログラムを策定、実施し、４回の拠点的福祉避難所運営訓練を行い、マニュアルも作成した。今年度は２つの検証を行った。１つ目は教育プログラムの検証である。２つ目はより現実的な全学的に取り組む拠点的福祉避難所運営訓練の検証、検討を行った。departmental bulletin pape

幼児期における身体活動量と有能感および社会的受容感の関連

【目的】幼児の身体活動量と有能感および社会的受容感を計測し, その関係性にっいて調査することを目的とした。【方法】幼稚園の年長児22名を対象とした, 身体活動量の測定は, 三軸加速度センサー付き小型活動量計を用いた。有能感および社会的受容感の測定はThe Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Childrenを参考とし, 個別面接調査を行った。身体活動量について, 歩数は13, 000 歩を境に, 中高強度活動時間(moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ; 以下, MVPA 時間)は 70 分/日を境にその多寡をそれぞれ分類し, 歩数とMVPA時間の両方とも高値を示した者を「身体活動量充足群」, それ以外の者を「非充足群」として2群に分類した。それぞれの群における有能感および社会的受容感の得点の差を, Mann-WhitneyのU検定を用いて求めた。【結果】身体活動量充足群は非充足群と比較して運動有能感および一般的有能感が有意に高かった。両群において社会的受容感に有鑛は認められなかった。[Purpose] This study examines whether physical activity is associated with perceived competence and social acceptance in preschool children. [Methods] The participants were 22 kindergarten children (5-6 years old; 6.50 士 3.28). Physical activity was measured using triaxial accelerometer. The total step count and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) per day were calculated. Perceived competence and social acceptance were assessed using the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children. Cognitive and physical competence were scored and summed as assessment of general competence. Social acceptance reflected the total score of peer and maternal acceptance. Step count was classified by median as higher step count (> 13,000 steps / day) and lower step count. In addition, MVPA was classified by median as higher (> 70 min / day) or lower. Those whose step count >13,000 steps / day and MVPA > 70min / day were classified as “Sufficient physical activity” group and the others were classified as "'Insufficient physical activity” group. Independent t-tests were used to compare physical activity levels between general competence and social acceptance. [Results] The "Sufficient physical activity” group scored significantly higher in physical and general competence than the '"Insufficient physical activity” group did, while its score in social acceptance was not significant. [Conclusions] This study suggests that children who have sufficient physical activity also have more successful experience, leading to high perceived competence. In addition, the "Insufficient physical activity”, group had lower perceived competence because of narrower interest in the activity and less experience of success. A relationship between social acceptance and physical activity was not found in this study possibly due to the small number of participants

コロナ禍が大学生の身体活動ならびに生活習慣に与える影響 : 2020年4月の緊急事態宣言前後の調査

本研究は, 2020年より続くコロナ禍において様々な活動に大きな制限を受ける大学生を対象として, 質問紙法を用いてコロナ禍がエネルギー消費量ならびに生活習慣に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的とした。204名の大学生が調査の対象となった。身体活動調査票から算出された1日のエネルギー消費量は, コロナ禍前の2020年1月は対象者全体で2067. 2kcalであったが, 緊急事態食言中の同4-5月では, 1833.5kcalに有意に低下した(p<0. 001)。またアンケート調査より, 間食やスクリーンタイムの増加, 睡眠の夜型化など様々な生活習慣ならびに心理的ストレスも大きく影響を受けたことが確認された。また, これらの変化は宣言解除後の8-9月においても宣嘗前の状態に完全に戻ることなく継続される傾向が認められた。健康的な大学生活を送り, 生活習慣病を予防するために, 様々な行動制限下においても身体活動量なら びに規則正しい生活習慣を維持することが必要かつ重要であると考えられた。In light of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2020, Japanese university students in particular have been facing increasing restrictions on their activities, raising concerns about the various physical and mental effects of the rapid changes in lifestyle, such as a decrease in physical activity. This study aims to elucidate the impact of the pandemic on the physical activity and lifestyle of university students using the questionnaire method. Overall,204 university students were surveyed in 2020. In January, before COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, the daily energy expenditure calculated from the physical activity questionnaire was 2067.2kcal, which decreased significantly to 1833.5kcal in April-May during the state of emergency (p<0.05). The questionnaire survey confirmed various lifestyle changes such as increased snacking, screen time, and nighttime sleep. These changes continued even after the declaration was lifted in August-September, without completely returning to the pre-declaration period. To remain healthy and prevent lifestyle-related diseases, it is imperative for university students to participate in regular physical activity and maintain a healthy lifestyle even under various behavioral restrictions

Single-cell temperature mapping with fluorescent thermometer nanosheets

Recent studies using intracellular thermometers have shown that the temperature inside cultured single cells varies heterogeneously on the order of 1°C. However, the reliability of intracellular thermometry has been challenged both experimentally and theoretically because it is, in principle, exceedingly difficult to exclude the effects of nonthermal factors on the thermometers. To accurately measure cellular temperatures from outside of cells, we developed novel thermometry with fluorescent thermometer nanosheets, allowing for noninvasive global temperature mapping of cultured single cells. Various types of cells, i.e., HeLa/HEK293 cells, brown adipocytes, cardiomyocytes, and neurons, were cultured on nanosheets containing the temperature-sensitive fluorescent dye europium (III) thenoyltrifluoroacetonate trihydrate. First, we found that the difference in temperature on the nanosheet between nonexcitable HeLa/HEK293 cells and the culture medium was less than 0.2°C. The expression of mutated type 1 ryanodine receptors (R164C or Y523S) in HEK293 cells that cause Ca2+ leak from the endoplasmic reticulum did not change the cellular temperature greater than 0.1°C. Yet intracellular thermometry detected an increase in temperature of greater than ∼2°C at the endoplasmic reticulum in HeLa cells upon ionomycin-induced intracellular Ca2+ burst; global cellular temperature remained nearly constant within ±0.2°C. When rat neonatal cardiomyocytes or brown adipocytes were stimulated by a mitochondrial uncoupling reagent, the temperature was nearly unchanged within ±0.1°C. In cardiomyocytes, the temperature was stable within ±0.01°C during contractions when electrically stimulated at 2 Hz. Similarly, when rat hippocampal neurons were electrically stimulated at 0.25 Hz, the temperature was stable within ±0.03°C. The present findings with nonexcitable and excitable cells demonstrate that heat produced upon activation in single cells does not uniformly increase cellular temperature on a global basis, but merely forms a local temperature gradient on the order of ∼1°C just proximal to a heat source, such as the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase

緊急避難用の介助紐の開発について

要旨：災害時に避難の困難な重度身体障害者が地域で生活している．１人介助で救出可能な介助紐を開発することで，今後発生する可能性のある災害に備えることが可能になると考えられる．本研究は，重度心身障害児者施設，介護老人保健施設の利用者の協力のもと，緊急避難用の介助紐を開発することを目的とした． 以前筆者らが作製した入浴用の介助紐と，新生児用の抱っこ紐を参考に開発を行い，使用時の筋電計測や使用感の調査を行った．通常の横抱きよりも上肢筋の活動が低下し，背部筋の活動が向上した．また，開発した介助紐を利用することで，介助の負担を感じにくく被介助者を持ち上げることが可能であった．重度身体障害者は背負うことが困難で，横抱きによる介助方法を用いることが多い．横抱きは上肢の負担が大きく，長時間保持しながらの移動は困難である．今回開発した介助紐は上肢負担を減らし，体全体で支える機構を目指し作製されており，重度身体障害者の介助に有効な手段であることが示唆された．Severely physically handicapped people in local areas have difficulty in refuge situations during disasters. We wanted to be able to prepare for a quick and smooth emergency response in the future by developing an assistance string which can enable a single helper to perform a rescue. The purpose of this study was development of an assistance string for emergencies, in which people severe limb/trunk dysfunction in institutions and long-term care health facilities participated. It was developed by referring to past assistance strings for bathing, and neonate holding auxiliary strings. We investigated muscle activity and the usability during our trial assistance strings. Activity of the muscles of the upper extremities decreased compared to normal lateral holding, while back muscle activity increased. Also, when the helpers used the assistance string which we developed, they experienced little burden. Piggyback rides for people with severe limb/trunk dysfunction were difficult, and the major method used by helpers is the lateral hold. Movement during the lateral hold is difficult and maintaining the hold ups the burden for the arms. The assistance string which we developed reduced arm burden with the mechanism using support of the whole body, and it was suggested to be effective for the assistance of people with severe limb/trunk dysfunction