Biodegradation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) using the Compact Trickle Bed Bioreactor (CTBB)

tekst w j. pol. i ang.W przeprowadzonym eksperymencie biodegradacji poddana została mieszanina LZO, która składała się ze styrenu, etanolu oraz siarczku dimetylu. Wybrane LZO są powszechnie spotykane w wielu gałęziach przemysłu farmaceutycznego lub medycznego (alkohol etylowy), przemysłu chemicznego lub petrochemicznego (styren) oraz w oczyszczalni ścieków (siarczek dimetylu). W celu obliczenia wydajności procesu biodegradacji wyrażanego współczynnikiem konwersji (K) w funkcji wybranych parametrów pracy bioreaktora KBT (przepływu gazu, cieczy, stężenia wlotowego badanej mieszaniny) wykonano systematyczne badania empiryczne polegające na monitorowaniu stężenia mieszaniny LZO w strumieniu wlotowym i wylotowym bioreaktora KBT

Crystal structure of sparteinium tetrachlorocuprate monohydrate‑packing polymorph

A new polymorph of sparteinium tetrachlorocuprate monohydrate [(C15H28N2)CuCl4·H2O] is reported. The structure of the analyzed crystal was solved in the orthorhombic P212121 space group with the following unit cell parameters at 295 K: a = 9.7722(2) Å; b = 13.4582(3) Å; c = 15.1582(3) Å. The various types of hydrogen bonding interactions existing in the crystal structure of this salt were compared with the data of the previously reported polymorph. XRPD measurement proved that our salt consists of a pure phase of the new polymorph. Cooling down the salt to ca. 230 K caused its color to change from orange-brown to yellow. DSC experiments revealed that during the cooling an endothermic process takes place corresponding to the mentioned color change of the salt

Sulfolane: Magic Extractor or Bad Actor? Pilot-Scale Study on Solvent Corrosion Potential

The sulfur-containing derivatives and their metabolites, regarded as ‘old devils of green’ chemistry, constitute a relevant class of air/water/soil contaminants in over-polluted world. In fact, some industrially-engineered solvents have become environmentally unfavorable. An attractive alternative to commonly used industrial liquids is sulfolane (C4H8SO2), an anthropogenic medium. The main objective of this paper is the comprehensive review focusing mainly on the state-of-the-art aspects of the sulfolane synthesis, application of sulfolane as an extractive solvent due to its ‘unique’ physicochemical properties as well as the potential of sulfolane to cause equipment corrosion and subsequent spills. The potential risk for groundwater contamination, danger for human health and ways of sulfolane biodegradation were briefly reviewed as well. Interestingly, the analysis performed on data stored in the Reaxys database revealed an alternating tendency of waxing and waning interest in sulfolane during the space of the last fifty years. Moreover, the primary goal of the presented case study was to verify applicability of industrial, multi-electrochemical technique for reliable detection of corrosion in low conductive process fluids. Several aspects of corrosion measurement including the impact of process parameters (temperature) and impurities (oxygen and chlorides) on stainless steel corrosion in pure sulfolane were investigated briefly

Real-time corrosion monitoring of AISI 1010 carbon steel with metal surface mapping in sulfolane

Solvents are widely used in organic synthesis. Sulfolane is a five-membered heterocyclic organosulfur sulfone (R-SO2-R’, where R/R’ is alkyl, alkenyl, or aryl) and an anthropogenic medium commonly used as industrial extractive solvent in the liquid-liquid and liquid-vapor extraction processes. Under standard conditions sulfolane is not aggressive towards steel, but at higher temperatures and in oxygen, water, or chlorides presence, it can be decomposed into some corrosive (by-)products with generation of SO2 and subsequent formation of corrosive H2SO3. This pilot-case study provides data from laboratory measurements performed in low conductivity sulfolane-based fluids using an industrial multi-electrochemical technique for reliable detection of corrosion processes. In particular, a comprehensive evaluation of the aqueous phase impact on general and localized corrosion of AISI 1010 carbon steel in sulfolane is presented. Assessment of corrosive damage was carried out using an open circuit potential method, potentiodynamic polarization curves, SEM/EDS and scanning Kelvin probe technique. It was found that an increase in the water content (1–3 vol.%) in sulfolane causes a decrease in the corrosion resistance of AISI 1010 carbon steel on both uniform and pitting corrosion due to higher conductance of the sulfolane-based fluids

Comparison of Volatile Profiles of Meads and Related Unifloral Honeys: Traceability Markers

Volatile profiles of unifloral honeys and meads prepared in different ways (boiled-saturated, not boiled-unsaturated) were investigated by headspace solid-phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and dehydration homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction (DHLLE) followed by GC-FID/MS analyses. The obtained data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) to evaluate the differences between the investigated products. The volatile profiles of honey as well as the boiled and the not boiled meads prepared from it showed significant discrepancies. The meads contained more aliphatic acids and esters but fewer monoterpenes and aliphatic hydrocarbons than the honey. Significant/substantial differences were found between the boiled (more aliphatic alcohols and acids) and the not boiled meads (more aliphatic hydrocarbons and esters). Some compounds related to yeast metabolism, such as tryptophol, may be considered markers of honey fermentation. This research allowed us to identify chemical markers of botanical origin, retained and detectable in the meads: 4-isopropenylcyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-propanyl)cyclohexa-1,3-diene-1-carboxylic acid for linden; valeric acid, γ-valerolactone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid for buckwheat; 4-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, homovanillic acid and trans-coniferyl alcohol for honeydew; and methyl syringate for canola