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Deletion of Gpr27 in vivo reduces insulin mRNA but does not result in diabetes.
Gpr27 is a highly conserved, orphan G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) previously implicated in pancreatic beta cell insulin transcription and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Here, we characterize a whole-body mouse knockout of Gpr27. Gpr27 knockout mice were born at expected Mendelian ratios and exhibited no gross abnormalities. Insulin and Pdx1 mRNA in Gpr27 knockout islets were reduced by 30%, but this did not translate to a reduction in islet insulin content or beta cell mass. Gpr27 knockout mice exhibited slightly worsened glucose tolerance with lower plasma insulin levels while maintaining similar insulin tolerance. Unexpectedly, Gpr27 deletion reduced expression of Eif4e3, a neighboring gene, likely by deleting transcription start sites on the anti-sense strand of the Gpr27 coding exon. Our data confirm that loss of Gpr27 reduces insulin mRNA in vivo but has only minor effects on glucose tolerance
Rigid Origami Vertices: Conditions and Forcing Sets
We develop an intrinsic necessary and sufficient condition for single-vertex
origami crease patterns to be able to fold rigidly. We classify such patterns
in the case where the creases are pre-assigned to be mountains and valleys as
well as in the unassigned case. We also illustrate the utility of this result
by applying it to the new concept of minimal forcing sets for rigid origami
models, which are the smallest collection of creases that, when folded, will
force all the other creases to fold in a prescribed way
Explicit kinematic equations for degree-4 rigid origami vertices, Euclidean and non-Euclidean
We derive algebraic equations for the folding angle relationships in completely general degree-4 rigid-foldable origami vertices, including both Euclidean (developable) and non-Euclidean cases. These equations in turn lead to elegant equations for the general developable degree-4 case. We compare our equations to previous results in the literature and provide two examples of how the equations can be used: in analyzing a family of square twist pouches with discrete configuration spaces, and for proving that a folding table design made with hyperbolic vertices has a single folding mode
Gaussian Process Probes (GPP) for Uncertainty-Aware Probing
Understanding which concepts models can and cannot represent has been
fundamental to many tasks: from effective and responsible use of models to
detecting out of distribution data. We introduce Gaussian process probes (GPP),
a unified and simple framework for probing and measuring uncertainty about
concepts represented by models. As a Bayesian extension of linear probing
methods, GPP asks what kind of distribution over classifiers (of concepts) is
induced by the model. This distribution can be used to measure both what the
model represents and how confident the probe is about what the model
represents. GPP can be applied to any pre-trained model with vector
representations of inputs (e.g., activations). It does not require access to
training data, gradients, or the architecture. We validate GPP on datasets
containing both synthetic and real images. Our experiments show it can (1)
probe a model's representations of concepts even with a very small number of
examples, (2) accurately measure both epistemic uncertainty (how confident the
probe is) and aleatory uncertainty (how fuzzy the concepts are to the model),
and (3) detect out of distribution data using those uncertainty measures as
well as classic methods do. By using Gaussian processes to expand what probing
can offer, GPP provides a data-efficient, versatile and uncertainty-aware tool
for understanding and evaluating the capabilities of machine learning models
Increased use of dental services by children covered by Medicaid: 2000-2010
This report analyzes the use of dental services by children enrolled in Medicaid from federal fiscal years (FFY) 2000 to 2010. The number and percent of children receiving dental services under Medicaid climbed continuously over the decade. In FFY 2000, 6.3 million children ages 1 to 20 were reported to receive some form of dental care (either preventive or treatment); the number more than doubled to 15.4 million by FFY 2010. Part of the increase was because the overall number of children covered by Medicaid rose by 12 million (50%), but the percentage of children who received dental care climbed appreciably from 29.3% in FFY 2000 to 46.4% in FFY 2010. In that same time period, the number of children ages 1 to 20 receiving preventive dental services climbed from a reported 5.0 million to 13.6 million, while the percentage of children receiving preventive dental services rose from 23.2% to 40.8%. For children ages 1 to 20 who received dental treatment services, the reported number rose from 3.3 million in FFY 2000 to 7.6 million in FFY 2010. The percentage of children who obtained dental treatment services increased from 15.3% to 22.9%. In FFY 2010, about one sixth of children covered by Medicaid (15.7%) ages 6-14 had a dental sealant placed on a permanent molar. While most states have made steady progress in improving children’s access to dental care in Medicaid over the past decade, there is still substantial variation across states and more remains to be done
Temperature dependent d-d excitations in manganites probed by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering
We report the observation of temperature dependent electronic excitations in
various manganites utilizing resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) at the
Mn K-edge. Excitations were observed between 1.5 and 16 eV with temperature
dependence found as high as 10 eV. The change in spectral weight between 1.5
and 5 eV was found to be related to the magnetic order and independent of the
conductivity. On the basis of LDA+U and Wannier function calculations, this
dependence is associated with intersite d-d excitations. Finally, the
connection between the RIXS cross-section and the loss function is addressed.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
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