Measurement of the diffractive structure function in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

This paper presents an analysis of the inclusive properties of diffractive deep inelastic scattering events produced in $ep$ interactions at HERA. The events are characterised by a rapidity gap between the outgoing proton system and the remaining hadronic system. Inclusive distributions are presented and compared with Monte Carlo models for diffractive processes. The data are consistent with models where the pomeron structure function has a hard and a soft contribution. The diffractive structure function is measured as a function of \xpom, the momentum fraction lost by the proton, of $\beta$, the momentum fraction of the struck quark with respect to \xpom, and of $Q^2$. The \xpom dependence is consistent with the form \xpoma where $a~=~1.30~\pm~0.08~(stat)~^{+~0.08}_{-~0.14}~(sys)$ in all bins of $\beta$ and $Q^2$. In the measured $Q^2$ range, the diffractive structure function approximately scales with $Q^2$ at fixed $\beta$. In an Ingelman-Schlein type model, where commonly used pomeron flux factor normalisations are assumed, it is found that the quarks within the pomeron do not saturate the momentum sum rule.Comment: 36 pages, latex, 11 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of hard scattering in photoproduction events with a large rapidity gap at HERA

Events with a large rapidity gap and total transverse energy greater than 5 GeV have been observed in quasi-real photoproduction at HERA with the ZEUS detector. The distribution of these events as a function of the $\gamma p$ centre of mass energy is consistent with diffractive scattering. For total transverse energies above 12 GeV, the hadronic final states show predominantly a two-jet structure with each jet having a transverse energy greater than 4 GeV. For the two-jet events, little energy flow is found outside the jets. This observation is consistent with the hard scattering of a quasi-real photon with a colourless object in the proton.Comment: 19 pages, latex, 4 figures appended as uuencoded fil

Observation of Events with an Energetic Forward Neutron in Deep Inelastic Scattering at HERA

In deep inelastic neutral current scattering of positrons and protons at the center of mass energy of 300 GeV, we observe, with the ZEUS detector, events with a high energy neutron produced at very small scattering angles with respect to the proton direction. The events constitute a fixed fraction of the deep inelastic, neutral current event sample independent of Bjorken x and Q2 in the range 3 · 10-4 \u3c xBJ \u3c 6 · 10-3 and 10 \u3c Q2 \u3c 100 GeV2

Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower and higher and use more stable pitches than speech: A Registered Report

Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech

Globally, songs and instrumental melodies are slower, higher, and use more stable pitches than speech: a registered report

Both music and language are found in all known human societies, yet no studies have compared similarities and differences between song, speech, and instrumental music on a global scale. In this Registered Report, we analyzed two global datasets: (i) 300 annotated audio recordings representing matched sets of traditional songs, recited lyrics, conversational speech, and instrumental melodies from our 75 coauthors speaking 55 languages; and (ii) 418 previously published adult-directed song and speech recordings from 209 individuals speaking 16 languages. Of our six preregistered predictions, five were strongly supported: Relative to speech, songs use (i) higher pitch, (ii) slower temporal rate, and (iii) more stable pitches, while both songs and speech used similar (iv) pitch interval size and (v) timbral brightness. Exploratory analyses suggest that features vary along a “musi-linguistic” continuum when including instrumental melodies and recited lyrics. Our study provides strong empirical evidence of cross-cultural regularities in music and speech

Measurement of Charged and Neutral Current e-p Deep Inelastic Scattering Cross Sections at High Q2

Deep inelastic e-p scattering has been studied in both the charged current (CC) and neutral current (NC) reactions at momentum transfers squared Q(2) above 400 GeV2 using the ZEUS detector at the HERA ep collider. The CC and NC total cross sections, the NC to CC cross section ratio, and the differential cross sections d sigma/dQ(2) are presented. From the Q(2) dependence of the CC cross section, the mass term in the CC propagator is determined to be M(W) = 76 +/- 16 +/- 13 GeV

Flame Retardant Additives Used for Polyurea-Based Elastomers—A Review

The growing interest in modern polymer materials has targeted research on complex plastic coatings and the possibilities of modifying their features and properties during manufacturing. Today’s modern coatings, including polyurea and polyurethane, are among the most modern developed resins. Compared to other polymer coatings, they are distinguished by their versatility, strength, and durability. They undoubtedly represent the next step in the evolution of coatings. Advances in coating technology have also led to the development of spray, injection, and roto-cast application equipment, improving polyurea-based elastomers’ performance. For many years, there has been much interest in increasing the flame resistance of polymers. This is dictated by safety considerations and the increasing requirements for the flammability of plastics, the area of application of which is growing every year. This text attempts to provide an overview of current research on flame retardant composites. Particular attention was paid to polyurea (PU) and polyurea-based hybrids and the application areas of polyurea coatings. The paper defines flame retardants, discusses how they work, and presents the types of flame retardants and the current trends of their usage in the production of plastics

Mortality and Hospital Admissions Due to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Poland

Cel: Opis ilościowy skutków zdrowotnych zatruć tlenkiem węgla w Polsce, ich rozkładu terytorialnego i zmian w czasie, oraz ich związku z wybranymi wskaźnikami warunków mieszkaniowych i klimatycznych. Projekt i metody: Analiza opisowa oparta na danych z rejestracji zgonów prowadzonej przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny w latach 2000-2011 oraz na danych z Ogólnopolskiego Badania Chorobowości Szpitalnej Ogólnej prowadzonego przez Narodowy Instytut Zdrowia Publicznego – Państwowy Zakład Higieny w latach 2005-2011. Wyniki: W latach 2000-2011 rocznie rejestrowano w całej Polsce między 331 a 418 zgonów spowodowanych zatruciem gazami. Obserwowano nieznaczny spadek współczynników zgonów w okresie objętym analizą, jednak umieralność w Polsce była wyższa niż w większości krajów Europy, dla których dostępne były dane. Umieralność różniła się ponad dwukrotnie między województwami. W latach 2005-2011 przyjmowano do szpitali między 2557 a 5026 pacjentów zatrutych tlenkiem węgla rocznie. Średnie miesięczne liczby hospitalizacji w miesiącach zimowych (listopad-marzec) były 4-7 razy większe niż w pozostałych miesiącach (kwiecień-październik). Miesięczna częstość hospitalizacji była wyrażnie skorelowana z temperaturą powietrza i jej wzrost ze spadającą temperaturą zaznaczał się szczególnie wyraźnie przy średnich temperaturach miesięcznych poniżej 10ºC. Obserwowano ponad pięciokrotną różnicę częstości hospitalizacji między województwami, jednak związek tej zmienności z wojewódzkimi wskaźnikami umieralności spowodowanej zatruciami CO, jak również wojewódzkimi wskaźnikami warunków mieszkaniowych był słaby. Narażenie na dym, ogień i płomienie było przyczyną 6% hospitalizacji osób zatrutych CO. Wnioski: Częstość zatruć tlenkiem węgla w Polsce jest większa niż w większości krajów Europy. Można przypuszczać, że zatrucia te są najczęściej spowodowane ulatnianiem się tlenku węgla z niesprawnych urządzeń domowych i niedostateczną wentylacją. Koszt zdrowotny zatruć CO w Polsce jest istotny i wyraża się tysiącami osób tracącymi zdrowie i życie na skutek dobrze znanej, i teoretycznie możliwej do uniknięcia, trucizny.Objective: The quantitative assessment of the health effects due to carbon monoxide poisoning in Poland, their spatial and temporal distribution as well as their relation to the selected indicators of housing and climatic conditions. Material and methods: The descriptive analysis based on the data from mortality registration of the Central Statistical Office in 2000-2011 and on the data from the Polish General Hospital Morbidity Study managed by the National Institute of Public Health in 2005-2011. Results: Between 331 and 418 deaths due to exposure to gases were registered annually in Poland in 2000-2011. A slight decline of mortality in the period covered by the analysis was observed, but the mortality in Poland was higher than in most of the European countries for which data are available. There were more than two-fold differences in mortality between the regions of Poland. In 2005-2011, between 2557 and 5026 patients annually were treated for toxic effects of carbon monoxide in hospitals. The monthly number of hospital admissions in winter months (November-March) was 4-7 times higher than in the other part of the year (April-October). Monthly hospital admission rates were highly correlated with ambient air temperature and their increase with the declining temperature was especially clear at mean monthly temperature below 10ºC. There were more than five-fold differences in hospital admission rates between the regions. However the associations of the region-specific hospitalization rates with mortality due to CO poisoning or with region-specific indicators of housing conditions were weak. Exposure to smoke, fire and flames was the external cause of 6% of cases hospitalized for treatment of toxic effects of CO. Conclusions: The frequency of carbon monoxide poisoning in Poland is greater than in majority of European countries. There are reasons to assume that the poisonings are most often caused by the escape of carbon monoxide from malfunctioning house equipment and by insufficient ventilation. Health burden of carbon monoxide poisoning in Poland is significant, amounting to thousands of people sick or killed by a well-known and potentially avoidable poison

Experimental aerodynamic characteristics of F-16 aircraft model in nonsymmetrical fluid flow

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań aerodynamicznych modelu F-16 w tunelu aerodynamicznym, przy opływie niesymetrycznym, tzn. ze ślizgiem. Badania wykonano dla modelu samolotu w konfiguracji „gładkiej” dla przypadków: całego samolotu, kadłuba, kadłuba ze skrzydłem, kadłuba z usterzeniem poziomym. Zbadano wpływ wychylenia usterzenia poziomego, wpływ mechanizacji skrzydła, wpływ podwieszeń zewnętrznych oraz wpływ zbiorników konforemnych na charakterystyki aerodynamiczne badanego modelu w zakresie kątów ślizgu od ß = –30° do ß = 30°.The paper presents the results of aerodynamic investigations of F-16 model in wind tunnel under nonsymmetrical air flow. Investigations have been carried out for an aircraft model under plain configuration, for the following cases: whole aircraft, isolated fuselage, fuselage with wings, fuselage with a horizontal tail. The following influences: control surfaces displacement, high lift devices, external stores, as well as conformal fuel tanks, on aerodynamic characteristics of the investigated model within an angle of slip from ß = -30° up to ß = 30° have been presented