180 research outputs found
Collective modes of two-dimensional classical Coulomb fluids
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate in detail
collective modes spectra of two-dimensional Coulomb fluids in a wide range of
coupling. The obtained dispersion relations are compared with theoretical
approaches based on quasi-crystalline approximation (QCA), also known as the
quasi-localized charge approximation (QLCA) in the plasma-related context. An
overall satisfactory agreement between theory and simulations is documented for
the longitudinal mode at moderate coupling and in the long-wavelength domain at
strong coupling. For the transverse mode, satisfactory agreement in the
long-wavelength domain is only reached at very strong coupling, when the cutoff
wave-number below which shear waves cannot propagate becomes small. The
dependence of the cutoff wave-number for shear waves on the coupling parameter
is obtained.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figure
Application of High-Power Electrical Sparks for Dynamic Compaction of Soil
The paper describes an electrical discharge technology, applied for soil compaction around a borehole, filled with hardening grout, in operations for erection of micropiles, cast piles, soil anchors and soil nails. The technology consists in that 150-250 microsecond long electrical sparks are generated with 6-second period in borehole. The sparks have 30-40 kJ energy, which is roughly of the same order of magnitude as a pile drop hammer. But a single electrical spark has 200-250 MW because of its short duration. Such pulses compact the contact layer of soil and thus increase bearing capacity of piles, anchors or soil nails times 1.5-2.0. Electrical spark in soil is a practically non-observable event, prohibiting any instrumentation near it, which so far can only allow its qualitative investigation in water rather than in soil. The experiments in water were staged in lab on a set-up, generating 5 kJ sparks, with electronic registration of time-dependent registration of pulse behavior. It was found that longer pulse efficiency is higher and can be increased by addition of special admixtures. Full-size bored piles, micropiles and soil anchors were tested in-situ on construction sites, having various soil conditions. The test data yielded that pile (anchor, nail) bearing capacity could be increased times 1.5-2.0 by high-energy electrical spark treatment, as compared to conventional technology (without electrical spark treatment)
Remote atomic clock synchronization via satellites and optical fibers
In the global network of institutions engaged with the realization of
International Atomic Time (TAI), atomic clocks and time scales are compared by
means of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and by employing telecommunication
satellites for two-way satellite time and frequency transfer (TWSTFT). The
frequencies of the state-of-the-art primary caesium fountain clocks can be
compared at the level of 10e-15 (relative, 1 day averaging) and time scales can
be synchronized with an uncertainty of one nanosecond. Future improvements of
worldwide clock comparisons will require also an improvement of the local
signal distribution systems. For example, the future ACES (atomic clock
ensemble in space) mission shall demonstrate remote time scale comparisons at
the uncertainty level of 100 ps. To ensure that the ACES ground instrument will
be synchronized to the local time scale at PTB without a significant
uncertainty contribution, we have developed a means for calibrated clock
comparisons through optical fibers. An uncertainty below 50 ps over a distance
of 2 km has been demonstrated on the campus of PTB. This technology is thus in
general a promising candidate for synchronization of enhanced time transfer
equipment with the local realizations of UTC . Based on these experiments we
estimate the uncertainty level for calibrated time transfer through optical
fibers over longer distances. These findings are compared with the current
status and developments of satellite based time transfer systems, with a focus
on the calibration techniques for operational systems
High capacity in G protein-coupled receptor signaling.
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of receptors that activate intracellular signaling pathways upon detecting specific extracellular ligands. While many aspects of GPCR signaling have been uncovered through decades of studies, some fundamental properties, like its channel capacity-a measure of how much information a given transmission system can reliably transduce-are still debated. Previous studies concluded that GPCRs in individual cells could transmit around one bit of information about the concentration of the ligands, allowing only for a reliable on or off response. Using muscarinic receptor-induced calcium response measured in individual cells upon repeated stimulation, we show that GPCR signaling systems possess a significantly higher capacity. We estimate the channel capacity of this system to be above two, implying that at least four concentration levels of the agonist can be distinguished reliably. These findings shed light on the basic principles of GPCR signaling
Practical thermodynamics of Yukawa systems at strong coupling
Simple practical approach to estimate thermodynamic properties of strongly
coupled Yukawa systems, in both fluid and solid phases, is presented. The
accuracy of the approach is tested by extensive comparison with direct computer
simulation results (for fluids and solids) and the recently proposed
shortest-graph method (for solids). Possible applications to other systems of
softly repulsive particles are briefly discussed.Comment: Published in J. Chem. Phy
The relationship between reaction to a moving object with concentrations of biogenic amines and kynematic-dynamic parameters of complex coordination movement in elite alpine skiers
Aim of the study: to identify mutual interaction between the reaction to a moving object with functional state of the central nervous system and kinematic-dynamic parameters of complex coordination movement.Materials and methods: 9 elite alpine skiers were participated in this study. Visual-motor coordination variables were assessed by computer complex for psychophysiological testing NS-Psychotest (Neurosoft, Russia). Dynamic parameters of complex coordination movement during counter movement jump were registered on the MuscleLab Force Plate (Ergotest Innovation A.S., Norway). Quantitation of hormones — adrenaline and noradrenaline as well as neurotransmitters — dopamine and serotonin in blood samples was performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph combined with triple quadrupole mass analyzer LCMS-8060 (Shimadzu, Japan).Results: a significant negative relationship between the maximum output of motor efforts during counter movement jump, mean reaction time and the number of negative reactions recorded within visual-motor coordination testing was documented. A reliable positive relationship between excitation processes, jump power and jump time was established. Increases in noradrenaline and serotonin concentrations are positively associated with the number of accurate reactions, whereas dopamine level was positively correlated with jump altitude.Conclusion: the predominance of excitation over inhibition processes in the central nervous system had a positive effect on reducing the time spent on counter moving and increasing the maximum power of movement. As applied to alpine skiers we registered the following relationship: the higher the speeds of signal perception and muscle activation when solving a visual-motor task, the higher the power of working efforts, the shorter the time of the eccentric phase and total time spent on performing counter movement jump
Scanning Electron Microscopy Study of Drilling Cuttings in Tomsk Oblast Sites
The research is focused on determining mineralogical composition of drilling cuttings by scanning electron microscope as well as imaging the sample surface of high resolution that allows studying the structural characteristics of the site. In addition, a number of other techniques permit obtaining information on chemical composition of sample in near-surface layers. The study in drilling cuttings by means of scanning microscopy has revealed the presence of titanium, iron, zirconium oxides, iron sulphide, barium sulphate. The former is a mineral that concentrates rare-earth elements, presumably monocyte, as well as uranium silicate, etc. The results obtained confirm the data of previous X-ray structural analysis, i.e. the study samples consist of alumosilicate matrix. Apart from silicon and aluminium oxides, the matrix includes such elements as Na, K, Mg. Such a composition corresponds to rock-forming minerals: quartz, albite, microcline, clinochlore, muscovite, anorthoclase
The Minimum-Uncertainty Squeezed States for for Atoms and Photons in a Cavity
We describe a six-parameter family of the minimum-uncertainty squeezed states
for the harmonic oscillator in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics. They are
derived by the action of corresponding maximal kinematical invariance group on
the standard ground state solution. We show that the product of the variances
attains the required minimum value 1/4 only at the instances that one variance
is a minimum and the other is a maximum, when the squeezing of one of the
variances occurs. The generalized coherent states are explicitly constructed
and their Wigner function is studied. The overlap coefficients between the
squeezed, or generalized harmonic, and the Fock states are explicitly evaluated
in terms of hypergeometric functions. The corresponding photons statistics are
discussed and some applications to quantum optics, cavity quantum
electrodynamics, and superfocusing in channeling scattering are mentioned.
Explicit solutions of the Heisenberg equations for radiation field operators
with squeezing are found.Comment: 27 pages, no figures, 174 references J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.,
Special Issue celebrating the 20th anniversary of quantum state engineering
(R. Blatt, A. Lvovsky, and G. Milburn, Guest Editors), May 201
A transverse current rectification in graphene superlattice
A model for energy spectrum of superlattice on the base of graphene placed on
the striped dielectric substrate is proposed. A direct current component which
appears in that structure perpendicularly to pulling electric field under the
influence of elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave was derived. A
transverse current density dependence on pulling field magnitude and on
magnitude of component of elliptically polarized wave directed along the axis
of a superlattice is analyzed.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
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