Tax reforms - taxes without tax laws

This paper suggests a new tax system without tax laws, tax collection departments and tax enforcement agencies.This new tax system will be without present system’s all Direct and Indirect taxes accompanied by tax laws, tax exemptions, multiple tax collection departments for States and Centre, compulsory accounting, auditing and tax returns to relieve 7 billion people of the world from the cobweb of ambiguous and complex tax structures, plethora of tax laws, mandatory and cumbersome accounting, auditing, tax returns and consequent quagmire of all tax related cases. Taxation, tax collection, tax enforcement, tax compliance, allocation of revenues to various ministries or departments, distribution of subsidies, implementation of welfare schemes and money supply into the economy are unified and integrated in the banking system. There will be no tax collection expenditure for the Governments and no tax compliance costs for the people either. Citizens need not maintain separate account books and submit tax returns annually for paying either Direct taxes on personal incomes or Indirect taxes while running business or industry. Yet, this new tax system envisages 20 to 30 % more revenues from single tax called "TOP Tax” - than presently accruing revenues from multiple taxes collected by different tax collection departments/agencie

A road map to cashless economy in India

The cashless economy should be achieved in the phased manner and step by step process instead of forcing it on people overnight without expanding/providing banking infrastructure to every nook and corner of the country, internet connectivity with high speed at cheap rate and unbroken power supply. The demonetisation of higher valued notes and cashless economy are Siamese twins and they cannot be separately achieved. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down

Stochastic modelling of eukaryotic cell cycle

Stochastic models are developed to capture the inherent stochasticity of the biochemical networks associated to many biological processes. The objective of the present thesis is to present a detailed picture of stochastic approach for the mathematical modeling of eukaryotic cell cycle, to demonstrate an important application of such model in chemotherapy and to present a methodology for selecting the model parameters. The stochastic cell cycle model, developed using stochastic chemical kinetics approach, leads to the formation of an infinite dimensional differential equation in probabilities of system being in a specific state. Using Monte Carlo simulations of this model, dynamics of populations of eukaryotic cells such as yeasts or mammalian cells are obtained. Simulations are stochastic in nature and therefore exhibit variability among cells that is similar to the variability observed in natural populations. The model’s capability to predict heterogeneities in cell populations is used as a basis to implement it in a chemotherapic modeling framework to demonstrate how the model can be used to assist in the drug development stage by investigating drug administration strategies that can have different killing effect on cancer cells and healthy cells. Finally, basic cell cycle model is refined in a systematic way to make it more suitable for describing the population characteristics of budding yeast. Selection of model parameters using an evolutionary optimization strategy referred to as insilico evolution is described. The benefits of this approach lie in the fact that it generates an initial guess of reasonable set of parameters which in turn can be used in the least squares fitting of model to the steady state distributions obtained from flow cytometry measurements. The Insilco evolution algorithm serves as a tool for sensitivity analysis of the model parameters and leads to a synergistic approach of model and experiments guiding each other. To conclude, the stochastic model based on single cell kinetics will be useful for predicting the population distribution on whole organism level. Such models find applications in wide areas of biological and biomedical applications. Evolutionary optimization strategies can be used in parameter estimation methods based on steady state distributions

An Approach towards the synthesis of furo[3,4-c]pyrazole

Synthesis of pyrazole and its N-aryl analogues has been a subject of consistent interest because of the wide applications of such heterocycles in pharmaceutical as well as in agrochemical industry. Numerous compounds containing pyrazole moiety have been shown to exhibit antihyperglycemic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial, and sedative-hypnotic activity. The 1-phenylpyrazole motif is present in several drug candidates for treatment of various diseases such as cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibitors, IL-1 synthesis inhibitors, and protein kinase inhibitors etc. Similarly a few of the 1, 5-diarylpyrazole derivatives have been shown to exhibit nonnucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities along with Cox-2 inhibitor. Pyrazoles are usually prepared by condensation between a hydrazine derivative and a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound or by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of diazoalkanes or nitrile imines to olefins or acetylenes. Here, in this report our approach towards the synthesis of some polycyclic pyrazole compounds by the Diels-Alder reaction of furo[3,4-c]pyrazole and several dienophiles is disclosed. As furo[3,4-c]pyrazole is unknown till now, we want to focus our study for the synthesis of furo[3,4-c]pyrazol

Navigation of Mobile Robot using Fuzzy Logic

In this paper research has been carried out to develop a navigation technique for an autonomous robot to work in a real world environment, which should be capable of identifying and avoiding obstacles, specifically in a very busy a demanding environment. In this paper better technique is develop in navigating mobile robot in above mention environment. The action and reaction of the robot is addressed by fuzzy logic control system. The input fuzzy members are turn angle between the robot head and the target, distance of the obstacles present all around the robot (left, right, front, back).The above mention input members are senses by series of infrared sensors. The presented FLC for navigation of robot has been applied in all complex and adverse environment. The results are hold good for all the above mention conditions

COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF INTERNAL FLOW, NEAR NOZZLE AND EXTERNAL SPRAY OF A GDI INJECTOR UNDER FLASH-BOILING CONDITIONS

The early and late portions of transient fuel injection have proven to be a rich areaof research, especially since the end of injection can cause a disproportionate amountof emissions in direct injection internal combustion engines. While simulating theinternal flow of fuel injectors, valve opening and closing events are the perennialchallenges. A typical adaptive-mesh CFD simulation is extremely computationallyexpensive, as the small gap between the needle valve and the seat requires verysmall cells to be resolved properly. Capturing complete closure usually involves atopological change in the computational domain. Furthermore, Internal CombustionEngines(ICE) operating with Gasoline Direct Injection(GDI) principle are susceptibleto flash boiling due to the volatile nature of the fuel.The presented work simulates a gasoline direct injector operating under cavitatingconditions by employing a more gradual and easily implemented model of closure that avoids spurious water-hammer effects. The results show cavitation at low valve lift forboth flash boiling and non-flash boiling conditions. Further, this study reveals post-closure dynamics that result in dribble, which is expected to contribute to unburnthydrocarbon emissions. Flashing versus non-flashing conditions are shown to causedifferent sac and nozzle behavior after needle closure. In particular, a slowly boilingsac causes spurious injection behavior.Furthermore, a qualitative analysis of the injector tip-wetting phenomena underboth flash-boiling and non-flashing conditions are conducted and different wettingmechanisms are identified. The jet expansion mechanism is observed to dominate thewetting process during the main injection period, whereas the sac conditions drive thepost-closure wetting phenomena. Additionally, the effect of flash-boiling conditionson the near-nozzle spray during the quasi-steady period of the injection cycle is explored. The exploration captured hole-to-hole variations in the rate of injection (ROI), rate of momentum (ROM), and hydraulic coefficients of injection. Moreover, it also indicates influences of the in-nozzle variations on the near-nozzle spray behaviors.Finally, a novel plume-based coupling approach is developed to couple the Eulerian near nozzle simulations with the Lagrangian spray simulations under both non-flashing and flash-boiling conditions. Predictions from the novel coupling approachare validated with the experimental observations. This coupling approach requiresrunning an Eulerian primary atomization model, i.e., the Σ −Y model, to initializethe Lagrangian parcels for the secondary atomization process. Hence, this couplingapproach does not depend upon the linearized instability models to simulate the dense spray region

R. K. Narayan’s The Bachelor of Arts: Self-Realization in Hindu Traditional Family

The Bachelor of Arts (1935) is one of R. K. Narayan’s best Indian novels written in English designed with the intent to show a mirror to the society of the false love, attractions and reality. It bespeaks of the key character’s Chandran’s struggle and determination to live a second life after much retrospection. What Narayan endeavors and aims to do in this novel is to set right the societal issues and check before it slips out of the clutch. Chandran is shown both as a real man and everyman because of his realistic attributes. Thus, Narayan depicts the problems of Chandran as everyman’s. Chandran’s life is categorized into three stages in the first term as student in the last year of his college life, in the second term as a romantic lover and in the third term as a sanyasi. For Narayan, life is full of charm; one has to only choose the right dose of happiness and joy to make a pleasurable living

Extremal points for a (n, p)-type Riemann–Liouville fractional-order boundary value problems

The main objective of this work is to use the Krein–Rutman theorem to characterize extremal points for a (n, p)-type Riemann–Liouville fractional-order boundary value problem. The key premise is that a mapping from a linear, compact operatör to its spectral radius, which depends on =, is continuous and strictly increasing as a function of =. A nonlinear problem is also treated as an application of the result for the linear case’s extremal point.Publisher's Versio