Гендерні стратегії в українській літературі кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ віку: корекція традиційних жіночих образів (Gender Strategies in the Ukrainian Literature in the end of ХIX – Beginning ХX Century: Correction of the Traditional Female Images)

У статті доведено, що гендерні стратегії модерної літератури найвиразніше сфокусувалися саме в моделюванні концепції головної героїні, яка й стає носієм авторської свідомості. На основі текстуального аналізу оповідання Лесі Українки «Над морем» виокремлено дві художньо-світоглядні матриці жіночих образів: «нова» жінка, що є уособленням особистісної зрілості, і героїня, яка втілює тип роздвоєної особистості. (Female literature in the cultural situation of modern was a significant phenomenon. Gender strategies most clearly focused on modeling concepts of the main heroine, which becomes the carrier of author’s consciousness. It is worth noting the fundamental difference between the new heroine and representations of the previous artistic system. Widespread in the Ukrainian cultural canon modus of heroine-victim in female writing is offset, but instead comes the type of self- contained person. In the artistic practice of Lesya Ukrainka transformation of traditional female images was realised through the typical for the modernism modus of psychologization. The story «Over Sea» was based on the reception of contrast. The two heroines are the exponents of opposing ideas, that’s why the author clearly polarize characters. The narrator is presented as a type of «new» woman: purposeful, intelligent, self-contained, she loves nature and books. The heroine is the female personification of personal maturity. Contrary to this heroine, Alla Myhailivna is modeled as infantile character. The meaning of her life is the search for pleasure, through clothing, relationships with men, extreme entertainments. However, this choice leads to psychological discomfort and frustration. She embodies the type of bifurcated personality, because she finds herself in a situation as lack of life perspective when traditional practices do not satisfy women, and modern are available. The writer focuses on the boredom and emptiness, as a dominant world view of women that is formed by the patriarchal family upbringing, physical illness, gender stereotypes and social status. Actually, the permanent being in a situation of choice, but here – tragic defenceless of inner world, is one of the distinguishing features of literary hero of the modern era.

Гендерний вимір тоталітарного насильства у сучасній жіночій прозі (Gender dimension of totalitarian violence in contemporary women's fiction)

У статті на прикладі творів Людмили Таран, Марії Матіос, Теодозії Зарівни аналізуються художні спроби переосмислення минулого з акцентуванням проблеми травматичної жіночої тілесності в умовах репресивних практик тоталітарного режиму. (The article is an example of works of Lyudmula Taran, Mariya Matios, Teodosia Zarivna analyzed сheck the level of art attempts to re-focusing the past traumatic problems of female physicality in terms of repressive practices of the totalitarian regime

Methanesulfonyl Fluoride: A Probe of Substrate Interactions in the Catalytic Site of Acetylcholinesterase

Methanesulfonyl fluoride, which reacts at the catalytic S!ite of acetylcholinesterase causing inactivation, is a useful probe of substrate binding. This is because molecules absorbed in or near the active center appear to protect the enzyme only if, by interacting strongly with the esteratic s.ite, they physically obstruct its approach. Its reaction is not disturbed by non-specific adsorption of these molecules in regions adjoining the active center, and ~s comparatively insensitive to conditions that reversibly denature the enzyme. The binding of three classes of substrates is discussed: acetylcholine analogs, phenyl esters, and indophenyl acetate. Acetylcholine fits into an active center crevice and covers both the anionic and esteratic sites, but bulkier analogs, which cannot fully penetrate, are held primarily at the anionic site and adjoining non-polar regions, with weak and intermittent attraction to the esteratic site. Phenyl esters are bound within the crevice, over the esteratic site. Indophenyl acetate is adsorbed on the margin of the active center, covering neither the anionic nor esteratic site

Symmetries of Helmholtz forms and globally variational dynamical forms

Invariance properties of classes in the variational sequence suggested to Krupka et al. the idea that there should exist a close correspondence between the notions of variationality of a differential form and invariance of its exterior derivative. It was shown by them that the invariance of a closed Helmholtz form of a dynamical form is equivalent with local variationality of the Lie derivative of the dynamical form, so that the latter is locally the Euler--Lagrange form of a Lagrangian. We show that the corresponding local system of Euler--Lagrange forms is variationally equivalent to a global Euler--Lagrange form.Comment: Presented at QTS7 - Quantum Theory and Symmetries VII, Prague 7-13/08/201

The Comparative Biochemistry of Mammalian and Insect Acetylcholinesterase with Reference to the Selective Inhibition by Organophosphates and Carbamates

Acetylcholinesterases from bovine erythrocytes and housefly heads are compared with respect to binding of substrates and reversible cationic inhibitors, effects of the latter on reaction with methane sulfonyl fluoride, and inactivation by organophosphofus and carbamate inhibitors. The observations show that a hydrophobic region is present outside the catalytic centre, which is considerably broader and more accessible in the insect enzyme. Phosphate and carbamate inhibitors can interact productively with this region, whereas such interactions would be detrimental to true substrates, diminishing their rates of reaction. It is this broader hydrophobic region, rather than wider separation of the anionic and esteratic sites, that accounts for acceleration of methane sulfonyl fluoride reaction by large cations and accommodation of bulky irreversible inhibitors in fly acetylcholinesterase. It is concluded that the greater selectivity for fly acetylcholinesterase of many organophosphates and carbamates may primarily depend on recognition of distinctive features around, rather than in, the active centre

The Comparative Biochemistry of Mammalian and Insect Acetylcholinesterase with Reference to the Selective Inhibition by Organophosphates and Carbamates

Acetylcholinesterases from bovine erythrocytes and housefly heads are compared with respect to binding of substrates and reversible cationic inhibitors, effects of the latter on reaction with methane sulfonyl fluoride, and inactivation by organophosphofus and carbamate inhibitors. The observations show that a hydrophobic region is present outside the catalytic centre, which is considerably broader and more accessible in the insect enzyme. Phosphate and carbamate inhibitors can interact productively with this region, whereas such interactions would be detrimental to true substrates, diminishing their rates of reaction. It is this broader hydrophobic region, rather than wider separation of the anionic and esteratic sites, that accounts for acceleration of methane sulfonyl fluoride reaction by large cations and accommodation of bulky irreversible inhibitors in fly acetylcholinesterase. It is concluded that the greater selectivity for fly acetylcholinesterase of many organophosphates and carbamates may primarily depend on recognition of distinctive features around, rather than in, the active centre

On a Order Reduction Theorem in the Lagrangian Formalism

We provide a new proof of a important theorem in the Lagrangian formalism about necessary and sufficient conditions for a second-order variational system of equations to follow from a first-order Lagrangian.Comment: 9 pages, LATEX, no figures; appear in Il Nuovo Cimento

Modified permittivity observed in bulk Gallium Arsenide and Gallium Phosphide samples at 50 K using the Whispering Gallery mode method

Whispering Gallery modes in bulk cylindrical Gallium Arsenide and Gallium Phosphide samples have been examined both in darkness and under white light at 50 K. In both samples we observed change in permittivity under light and dark conditions. This results from a change in the polarization state of the semiconductor, which is consistent with a free electron-hole creation/recombination process. The permittivity of the semiconductor is modified by free photocarriers in the surface layers of the sample which is the region sampled by Whispering Gallery modes.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Reversible recording medium based on optical storage of information, method of reversible recording on such a medium.

A reversible recording medium based on optical storage of at least one item ofinformation within a support material, includes at least one layer of support material having: base molecules able to take, in a local zone, a first collective state of molecules able to generate a first signal of second harmonic characteristic of this first collective state of molecules when excited by electromagnetic reading radiation; the base molecules having the first collective state of molecules able to transform, at least in part, into transformed molecules so as to pass to a second collective state of molecules when excited by electromagnetic writing radiation, the molecules having the second collective state of molecules able to generate a second signal of second harmonic characteristic of this second collective state of molecules when excited by the electromagnetic reading radiation. The molecules exhibit a molecular structure based on a coumarin skeleton of Formula (I)