Гендерні стратегії в українській літературі кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ віку: корекція традиційних жіночих образів (Gender Strategies in the Ukrainian Literature in the end of ХIX – Beginning ХX Century: Correction of the Traditional Female Images)

Abstract

У статті доведено, що гендерні стратегії модерної літератури найвиразніше сфокусувалися саме в моделюванні концепції головної героїні, яка й стає носієм авторської свідомості. На основі текстуального аналізу оповідання Лесі Українки «Над морем» виокремлено дві художньо-світоглядні матриці жіночих образів: «нова» жінка, що є уособленням особистісної зрілості, і героїня, яка втілює тип роздвоєної особистості. (Female literature in the cultural situation of modern was a significant phenomenon. Gender strategies most clearly focused on modeling concepts of the main heroine, which becomes the carrier of author’s consciousness. It is worth noting the fundamental difference between the new heroine and representations of the previous artistic system. Widespread in the Ukrainian cultural canon modus of heroine-victim in female writing is offset, but instead comes the type of self- contained person. In the artistic practice of Lesya Ukrainka transformation of traditional female images was realised through the typical for the modernism modus of psychologization. The story «Over Sea» was based on the reception of contrast. The two heroines are the exponents of opposing ideas, that’s why the author clearly polarize characters. The narrator is presented as a type of «new» woman: purposeful, intelligent, self-contained, she loves nature and books. The heroine is the female personification of personal maturity. Contrary to this heroine, Alla Myhailivna is modeled as infantile character. The meaning of her life is the search for pleasure, through clothing, relationships with men, extreme entertainments. However, this choice leads to psychological discomfort and frustration. She embodies the type of bifurcated personality, because she finds herself in a situation as lack of life perspective when traditional practices do not satisfy women, and modern are available. The writer focuses on the boredom and emptiness, as a dominant world view of women that is formed by the patriarchal family upbringing, physical illness, gender stereotypes and social status. Actually, the permanent being in a situation of choice, but here – tragic defenceless of inner world, is one of the distinguishing features of literary hero of the modern era.