EFFECTS OF NEW ORGANIC PREPARATIONS BASED ON ZEOLITE AND DOLOMIT OVER SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRAPE IN R. MACEDONIA

In our research are covered the results of applying new organic products of mineral origin based on zeolite and dolomite. The specific substances processed at our paper represent minerals geographic origin of the mining localities in R. Serbia and the same are protected by intellectual property. In R. Macedonia are implemented on several agricultural crops including the grapevine. According to the method of application to plants can be as improvers of soil features which are applied on the soil of planted place, as well as their other formulations that are applied as fertilizer on the foliage (leaves). Way of their influence is based on improving the health and conditions and capacity of plant organisms and strengthening the entire immune system of the plant. Usually affect an increase in foliage and Equating the flowering and fertilization. Thereby receive yields that have improved quantity and quality. They represent formulations which are allowed to apply organic production ofgrapevine. In this examination are presented results of treating many varieties of grapevine on several localities in R. Macedonia. They are chosen at plantations with low condition and individual plantings for periods of two years. Were obtained visible results in increasing the useful leaf mass and in a timely and evenly flowering. Also, this year, these preparations improve the situation with the frozen vineyards

THE INFLUENCE OF THE DURATION OF MACERATION ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND QUALITY ON THE WINES OF THE VRANEC BRAND IN TIKVESH WINE REGION

This paper shows the results obtained from the study of the duration of maceration to the chemical composition of wine and the sensor characteristics. Analyses were made during 2019 in the Tikvesh Wine Region on the vineyards in the area of the village Shivec. Analyses were made from the grape of three vineyards of variety Vranec, including variants 1, 3 and 5 with the maceration of 7 days, and variants 2, 4 and 6 with the maceration of 15 days. Wines produced from variations 1,4,5, and 6 are wines with a pure smell, a pleasant and discrete varietal aroma, and with a simple and fruity taste which does not leave a lasting aftertaste. Wines produced from variation 3 have dark ruby red colour and the most complex and accentuated fruity aroma, with a sour cherry and red fruits aroma being especially present. Wines produced from variation 2 have a complex and accentuated black fruits aroma, harmonious and full taste and they can be aged for a long time, stored and processed further. Maceration of 15 days gave wines with complex and accentuated aromas and more polyphenols compounds and anthocyanins, which are better for a long time store and processed further, while the maceration of 7 days gave wines with simple and fruity taste which does not leave a lasting aftertaste, nice for quickly consummation

OIL CONTENT IN THE SEEDS OF WINE GRAPE VARIETIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

Modern studies worldwide suggest a high nutritional and medicinal value of the grape seeds. Oil for human consumption produced from the grape seed is already in everyday use in the diet in the economically developed countries. Seeds are also characterized by a rich composition of phenolic substances from which supplements recommended for cardiovascular system improvement are produced. Recent studies indicate the possibility of their use in the treatment of cancer. Grape seeds are not used for these purposes in the Republic of Macedonia. We tested two varieties that are most widely cultivated in the Republic of Macedonia, the red wine variety, Vranec and the white wine variety, Smederevka. Grapes were collected from two regions, Kavadarci and Valandovo, regions that are most important for the production of these two varieties. All tests were carried out in three repetitions. The mechanical and chemical composition of the grapes were analysed following the OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine) methods. We used statistical analysis of thecompletely randomized design. We detected rich chemical composition in the seeds, which indicates the great seed use value of the tested varieties

IMPACT OF THE NUMBER OF CLUSTERS ON CARDINAL VARIETY PRODUCTION RESULTS

The Cardinal variety is a leading very early ripening table grape variety in the Republic of Macedonia. The grape quality largely depends on the applied production technology. The aim of our research is to determine the impact of the number of retained clusters per m2 on the production results of the Cardinal variety, grown on pergola tendon trellis (odrina) system in the Gevgelija - Valandovo wine region. The load of 3, 4, and 5 clusters/m2 respectively was noted. Based on the results, we found a significant impact of the number of clusters on the yield, dynamics of ripening, and quality of grapes. By increasing the number of clusters, the weight of the cluster decreased from 489 g in the 3 clusters/m2 variant to 446 g in the 5 clusters/m2 variant. The weight of the berry ranged from 7,6 g in the 5 clusters/m2 variant to 8,4 g in the 3 clusters/m2 variant. Total weight of packaged grapes ranged from 1,4 kg/m2 for the 3 clusters/m2 variant to 1,9 kg/m2 for the 5 clusters/m2 variant. There was a significant difference in the dynamics of ripening, i.e., the quantity of packaged grapes in the first harvest. The highest weight of 1,55 kg/m2 of packaged grape in the first harvest was obtained from the variant with 4 clusters/m2, and the lowest of 1,29 kg/m2 from the 3 clusters/m2 variant. Thebest quality of 9.6 points was observed in the variant with 3 clusters/m2 and the lowest of 7.9 points in the grapes of the variant with 5 clusters/m2. From these results, it can be concluded that the best results for the Cardinal variety are obtained by leaving 4 clusters per m2.&nbsp

EXAMINING THE STATUS CYTOGENETIC ON SOME AUTOCHTHONOUS VARIETIES A GRAPEVINE IN R. MACEDONIA ACCORDING O.I.V. SYSTEM

In R. Macedonia has many domestic (autochthonous) or domesticated varieties of vines. Many of them are similar to some varieties of from neighboring countries, and some of them are very different between them, and are also differ from the other varieties. It depends on heritable traits of their ancestors and their origins, from the centers of origin. They represent undiscovered source of many genes that are carriers of positive properties and predominantly transmitted to future generations. Many of them are unidentified and not known their exact origin. Therefore efforts are made with certain adequate methods to identify (ampelographic, ampelometric, DNA identification). In our research we covered several table and wine varieties of grapevine from different vineyards through R. Macedonia. In the trials used methods for determination of cytogenetic status according O.I.V. system of descriptors - (number of chromosomes, ploidy level, germination of pollen, meiosis, type and characteristics of the flower, etc.). We used statistical computer processing by (SPSS) program.Obtained are interesting results in terms of the structure of the flower and the cell division that indicate the similarity between them and their common origin

DYNAMICS OF RIPENING OF AFUS-ALI TABLE GRAPE VARIETY

The afus-ali variety, together with the muscat italia, cardinal, victoria, ribier, and palieri, is the most important table grape variety in the Republic of Macedonia. We studied the dynamics of ripening of the afus-ali table grape variety from two locations Kavadarci and Valandovo where this variety is most commonly cultivated in the Republic of Macedonia. To determine the timing of ripening, we examined the dynamics of ripening by randomised sampling in the period from early August to the ripening of the grapes in early September. Four samples with three repetitions for each sample were taken every 10 days. We analysed the mechanical and chemical composition and mechanical properties of the cluster and berries following the OIV (International Organisation of Vine and Wine) methods. We used statistical analysis of the completely randomised design. The changes that occur during ripening of the afus-ali variety are the indicator of its technological ripeness. The results can be applied in the planning of the vintage depending on the market placement and duration of refrigerator storage of grapes

The influence of climate on the grapevine phenology and content of sugar and total acids in the must

For the period of 10 years in the condition of Skopje vineyard area, at two regional (Vranec and Smederevka) and two international (Merlot and Chardonnay) grapevine cultivars, the researches are done. The influences of temperatures sum on the duration of following phenological stages (number of days) are analyzed: from budburst to full maturity; from budburst to flowering and from veraison to full maturity. The temperature sum has a high impact on the duration of each phenological stage, especially from budburst to full maturity and from budburst to flowering. The climate has the influence on the content of sugar and total acids in the must. These parameters show grater variation at the cultivars Merlot and Chardonnay than cvs. Smederevka and Vranec

The influence of pinching on some technological characteristics of cluster and berry of Italia grape variety

The aim of investigation was to confirm the influence of pinching on some technological characteristics of Italia grape variety: dimension and shape of cluster and berry, mechanical characteristics of berry, and chemical content of must (sugar and total acids). Pinching was applied in two terms (before and after blooming) with two ways: by cutting 1/2 and 1/3 of bunch (P1, P2, P3, P4) and control (K). From the results we can concluded that the time and the way of pinching has the influence on technological characteristics. The pinching 1/3 before and after blooming increased the weight of cluster and berry and increased the transportability

Comparison of three Chardonnay clones (Vitis vinifera L.), growing in Skopje'vineyard region, R. Macedonia

Some agro-biological and technological characteristics of three Chardonnay clones selections, including 95, 124 and 277, cultivated in Skopje’s vineyard region, R. Macedonia (during the period from 2007 to 2009) were determined. Certificated seedling material was introduced from France in 1999/2000, cultivated and studied at the vineyards of the Department of viticulture and oenology, Institute of Agriculture, Skopje. The aim of the study was to apply optimal agro-technical and ampelotechnical measures and to compare the characteristics of the three Chardonnay clones (95,124,277) cultivated in same agro-ecological conditions. Different values of the examined characteristics were observed because of the selection specification, as well as, the ecological conditions during the period of examination. It was found that the yield was most stable for the clone 277 with a coefficient of variable 14.4, and the biggest variation of 21.7 was noticed for the 124 clone. Considering the chemical composition, more significant variation was observed for the sugar content in the grape must from the clone 277, while, insignificant variations were noticed for total acids in the musts of all clones studied. The content of alcohol in the wines is from 12.88 vol% in the clone 277 to 13.95 vol% in the clone 95 for the examined period, and it is found insignificant variations in the three clones. Wines from all three clones from the vintage 2007 are with a bigger contents of total extract, and for the examined period wines with the most extract from the clones 95 (21,30 g/L) and 277 (21,20 g/L) With the highest degustation rating from 17,97 points is the wine which is made from the clone 277

Phyllometric study of some wine grapevine cultivar (vitis vinifera l.) from the Balkan subgroup (subconvarietas balcanica negr.)

The aim of investigations was to establish the basic leaf characteristics of grapevine cultivars of balkan subgroup, with the phyllometric researches. Ten cultivars for red wine production (Blatina, Vranec, Kratoshija, Teran, Kadarka, Prokupec, Stanushina, Melnik, Mavrud and Plovdina) and four cultivars for white wine productio (Zilavka, Sipon, Zupljanka and Smederevka) were studied. The established standards has the practical meaning in the description and differeniation of eventual biotypes and clones in the population of this cultivars throught the clonal selection. On the base of obtained results from the cluster analysis of phyllometric parametars the clasification of 14 investigated cultivars was done. According to the values closeness of phyllometric characteristics the cultivars are classified in clusters rom witch can determine the differences or similarities between the ecxaminated cultivars. The cluster analysis are made. For the classification of cultivars in the first cluster analyze we used 19 phyllometric descriptors from the GENRES List of primary descriptors, part II. For the second cluster analyse the parapetars from the "leaf method" are used. According to the phyllometric characteristics in the both cluster analysis very closeness linkage has the cultivars mavrud and plovdina and kratosija and vranec. This means that there lot of common leaf characteristics between these cultivars