Thematic role assignment in the L1 acquisition of Tagalog: use of word order and morphosyntactic markers

It is a common finding across languages that young children have problems in understanding patient-initial sentences. We used Tagalog, a verb-initial language with a reliable voice-marking system and highly frequent patient voice constructions, to test the predictions of several accounts that have been proposed to explain this difficulty: the frequency account, the Competition Model, and the incremental processing account. Study 1 presents an analysis of Tagalog child-directed speech which showed that the dominant argument order is agent-before-patient, and that morphosyntactic markers are highly valid cues to thematic role assignment. In Study 2, we used a combined self-paced listening and picture verification task to test how Tagalog-speaking adults and 5- and 7- year-old children process reversible transitive sentences. Results showed that adults performed well in all conditions, while children’s accuracy and listening times for the first noun phrase indicated more difficulty in interpreting patient-initial sentences in the agent voice compared to the patient voice. The patient voice advantage is partly explained by both the frequency account and incremental processing account

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Diffusion and flow in growing pollen tubes

The growth of walled cells is due to the cooperation of physical and chemical mechanisms leading to the controlled mechanical deformation of the cells. Plant cells, for example, need to expand the surface area of their cell wall in order to grow in size. This can be done in a uniform manner called diffusive growth or through tip-growth. Tip-growth is characterised by a mechanical deformation that is confined to a specific region of the cell wall, namely its tip. Tip-growth generally leads to tubular cell wall shapes and has been observed in plant cells such as pollen tubes and root hairs but also in fungal hyphae, algae and neuronal growth cones. The pollen tube is a protuberance growing on the pollen grain. As part of plant fertilisation, its purpose is to extend until it reaches the ovule of a host plant and allow for the passage of a sperm cell contained in the pollen grain. This thesis studies how physical principles direct and control the tip-growth of a pollen tube. The three particular phenomena that were addressed concern the effects of elastic forces and short-range electrical potentials on ion diffusion, actin protein aggregation and the viscous flow in growing pollen tubes. A very intriguing phenomenon, observed a decade ago, concerning growing pollen tubes is the oscillation in time of the growth rate, the concentration of signalling molecules such as calcium and the thickness of the cell wall. While the total interaction of the components of such a complex system is hard to asses, I show that a few key elements, when coupled adequately, lead to the steady oscillation similar to that observed experimentally. The growing cell was modelled as a fluid finger in the viscous regime with elastic properties depending on the material delivery to the growing region. The difference between the material delivered and the material required for growth led to the stable oscillation of the growth rate. A seLa croissance de cellules ayant une paroie cellulaire est due \'a la collaboration de processus physiques et chimiques menant \'a une déformation mécanique contrôlée de ces cellules. Les cellules végétales, par exemple, doivent augmenter la surface de leur paroie afin de croître. Ceci peut être accompli de façon uniforme appellée croissance diffuse ou par croissance apicale. La croissance apicale est caractérisée par une déformation mécanique qui est confinée à une région spécifique de la cellule, soit l'apex. La croissance apicale méne générallement à des paroies cellulaires de forme cylindrique. Elle est observée chez des cellules végétales telles que le tube pollinique ou des racines mais aussi chez des algues ou des hyphes fongiques. Le tube pollinique est une protubérance qui croît sur un grain de pollen. Lors de la fertilisation, son rôle est de s'allonger jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne l'ovule de la plante hôte et de permettre le passage d'une cellule de sperme contenue dans le grain de pollen.Cette thése étudie les principes physiques qui contrôlent la croissance apicale d'une cellule végétale. Elle s'applique plus spécifiquement à la croissance d'un tube pollinique. Les trois systémes particuliers que nous étudierons concernent les effets élastiques et les potentiels électriques sur la diffusion d'ions, l'aggrégation de protéines et le flot visqueux dans les tubes de pollen en croissance. Un premier phénoméne, observé il y a une décennie, est l'oscillation dans le temps de la vitesse de croissance ainsi que de la concentration de calcium et de l'épaisseur de la paroie cellulaire d'un tube pollinique. Bien que les interactions entre toutes les composantes du tube pollinique sont complexes, nous avont démontré que quelles composantes, lorsque couplées de maniére adéquate, produisent l'oscillation stable observée en laboratoire.La

User Manual for the Corryvreckan Test Beam Data Reconstruction Framework, Version 1.0

Test beam data reconstruction is a task that requires a large amount of flexibility due to the heterogeneous data acquisition environments found in these experiments. Often, detectors with different readout schemes such as triggered, frame-based or data driven approaches are combined in a single setup. In order to correlate these data and to reconstruct particle tracks, a versatile event building algorithm and analysis framework is required. Corryvreckan is a flexible, fast and lightweight test beam data reconstruction framework based on a modular concept of the reconstruction chain. It is written in modern C++, requires a minimum of external dependencies and is designed to be fully configurable by the user without the need to alter code. This document presents the user manual of the software as of release version 1.0.Test beam data reconstruction is a task that requires a large amount of flexibility due to the heterogeneous data acquisition environments found in these experiments. Often, detectors with different readout schemes such as triggered, frame-based or data driven approaches are combined in a single setup. In order to correlate these data and to reconstruct particle tracks, a versatile event building algorithm and analysis framework is required. Corryvreckan is a flexible, fast and lightweight test beam data reconstruction framework based on a modular concept of the reconstruction chain. It is written in modern C++ , requires a minimum of external dependencies and is designed to be fully configurable by the user without the need to alter code. This document presents the user manual of the software as of release version 1.0

Regulator or Driving Force? The Role of Turgor Pressure in Oscillatory Plant Cell Growth

Turgor generates the stress that leads to the expansion of plant cell walls during cellular growth. This has been formalized by the Lockhart equation, which can be derived from the physical laws of the deformation of viscoelastic materials. However, the experimental evidence for such a direct correlation between growth rate and turgor is inconclusive. This has led to challenges of the Lockhart model. We model the oscillatory growth of pollen tubes to investigate this relationship. We couple the Lockhart equation to the dynamical equations for the change in material properties. We find that the correct implementation of the Lockhart equation within a feedback loop leading to low amplitude oscillatory growth predicts that in this system changes in the global turgor do not influence the average growth rate in a linear manner, consistent with experimental observations. An analytic analysis of our model demonstrates in which regime the average growth rate becomes uncorrelated from the turgor pressure

Systemic treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: recommendations from the interdisciplinary working group for renal tumors (IAG-N)

Abstract This letter summarizes recommendations from the interdisciplinary working group of renal tumors (IAGN) of the German Cancer Society for the systemic treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemi