39 research outputs found
Investigation on Pre- and Postsynaptic Ca2+ Signaling in Neuronal Model Systems
No full textCommunication between neuronal and non-neuronal is called volume transmission when the released neurotransmitter (NT) acts via diffusion and affects several target cells. Both the neurosecretory and postsynaptic cell responses are linked to [Ca2+]i elevations. In the present thesis the role of pre-and postsynaptic Ca2+ elevations has been investigated in the reconstituted "synapse" model comprised of NGF-differentiated PC12 and HEL cells as well as in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. In PC12 cells, both 70mM K+ and nicotine triggered NT release, which could be detected as a secondary [Ca2+]i increase in surrounding HEL cells. Both secretagogues shared the same voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx pathway as judged from the pharmacological profile blockers of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. The coupling of electrical responses to the activation of Ca2+ signaling via muscarinic receptors in SH-SY5Y cells was also studied. These data revealed that depolarization caused a considerable potentiation of the muscarinic Ca2+ response. The potentiated Ca2+ increase was mainly dependent on the enhanced Ca2+ influx and to a lesser extent on [Ca2+]i release from intracellular stores. A phospholipase C (PLC) activator, m-3M3FBS was used to further study the role of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-coupled Ca2+ signaling. However, it was found that m-3M3FBS instead triggered [Ca2+]i elevations independently of PLC activation. In conclusion, the results indicate that the magnitude of NT release from PC12 cells is sufficient to cause a robust activation of neighboring target cells. Postsynaptic muscarinic signaling is amplified due to integration of electrical excitation and GPCR signaling. The PLC activator, m-3M3FBS is not suitable for studies of PLC-mediated signals in intact cells
Analysis of Development Financial Market and Outlook in USA
No full textAutores izvÄlÄtÄ diplomdarba tÄma ir āASV finanÅ”u tirgus attÄ«stÄ«bas analÄ«ze un perspektÄ«vasā
Diplomdarba mÄrÄ·is ir prognozÄt Å
ujorkas fondu biržas indeksa nÄkotnes trendu un ASV ekonomikas cikliskumu balstoties uz makroekonomikas rÄdÄ«tÄjiem.
DiplomdarbÄ tiek izpÄtÄ«ti ekonomiskÄs krīžu teorijas galvenie teorÄtiskie iemesli un izpausmes veidi. RÅ«pÄ«gÄk tika izskatÄ«ta tagadÄjÄs - 2008.gada finanÅ”u krÄ«zes iemesli un krīžu izpausmes veidi, piemÄram, hipotekÄro kredÄ«tu krÄ«ze, jaunu finanÅ”u instrumentu ievieÅ”ana apgrozÄ«bÄ, fondu biržas pÄrkarÅ”ana un ekonomiskais cikliskums. Darba praktiskajÄ daÄ¼Ä autore prognozÄ Å
ujorkas Fondu biržas indeksu, balstoties uz ASV ekonomikas makroekomiskajiem rÄdÄ«tÄjiem un to prognozi. Lai arÄ« vÄl joprojÄm ir jutamas 2008.gada krÄ«zes sekas ASV ekonomika pamazÄm āatmostasā un iziet no depresijas fÄzes, sasniedzot augÅ”upejas fÄzi, par ko liecina autores analÄ«ze.
RezultÄtÄ tika iegÅ«ta izpratne par ASV finanÅ”u krÄ«zes aizsÄkumu iemesliem, ASV makroekonomikas rÄdÄ«tÄjiem un Å
ujorkas Fondu biržas indeksu un to prognozi.
DarbÄ tiek izmantotas sekojoÅ”as zinÄtniski-pÄtnieciskÄs metodes: grupÄÅ”ana, vispÄrinÄÅ”ana, grafiskÄ attÄloÅ”ana, faktoru analÄ«ze, autokorelÄcija, tehniskÄ analÄ«ze, un datu aproksimÄcija ar mazÄko kvadrÄtu metodi.
DiplomdarbÄ tiek izmantota zinÄtniski-pÄtnieciskÄ literatÅ«ra par ekonomikas ciklisko attÄ«stÄ«bu, finanÅ”u krÄ«zes bÅ«tÄ«bu, kÄ arÄ« laikrakstos un internetÄ sniegta informÄcija.The topic of authorās diploma thesis is āAnalysis of Development Financial Market and Outlook in USA.
Diploma aims to predict (forecast) New York Stock Exchange trend and cyclicality of the US economy based on macroeconomic indicators.
The author reports and analyzes the main theoretical aspects of economic crisis. An economic crisis in the United States from 2008 to the present are profoundly analyzed. Furthermore, the causes and forms of crisis, e.g. mortgage loan crisis, the introduction of new financial instruments in circulation, and of current financial crisis (year 2008) are also reported. Finally, in the practical part of work the author forecasts New York Stock Exchange trend based on macroeconomic indicators.
The author gained deeper understanding of the causes of economic crisis in U.S.A., the governmentās response to financial crisis, macroeconomic indicators and New York Stock Exchange index and forecast.
In this paper one uses the following scientific-experimental methods: the grouping, generalization, graphic presentation of factor analysis, autocorrelation, technical analysis, and the least-squares method.
In DIPLOMA scientific research literature on cyclical economic developments, the nature of the financial crisis, as well as newspapers and the information available in the world wide web is used
Concept of Food in Postmodern Fairy-Tales
No full textÄÅ”ana ir fundamentÄla cilvÄka aktivitÄte un Ädiens ir neatÅemama mÅ«su dzÄ«ves daļa. Tas ne tikai baro, tam piemÄ«t arÄ« nozÄ«me; tas ir ne tikai mÅ«su ikdienas sastÄvdaļa, bet arÄ« nozÄ«mÄ«ga tekstu, kuros parÄdÄs Ädiens un ÄÅ”ana, daļa. Å ajÄ pÄtÄ«jumÄ aplÅ«kots Ädiena motÄ«vs daiļliteratÅ«rÄ, proti, postmodernajÄs pasakÄs, tajÄ skaitÄ Andželas KÄrteres, Tanitas LÄ«, NÄ«la Geimena, Gregorija Frosta, Lizas GoldstÄ«nas, PatrÄ«cijas A. Makkilipas un Džeimsa Finna GÄrnera darbos. Å ajÄ darbÄ pÄtÄ«ti Ädiena simboli un metaforas, kas sastopamas iepriekÅ” minÄtajos literÄrajos darbos; Ädiens un ÄÅ”ana sÄ«kÄk aplÅ«koti kÄ varoÅu Ä«patnÄ«bu un savstarpÄjo attiecÄ«bu atklÄÅ”anas lÄ«dzekļi, izdomÄtas pasaules reÄlijas, kÄ arÄ« kÄ reÄlÄs pasaules kritika.
Å Ä« darba teorÄtisko pamatu veido tÄdu pazÄ«stamu autoru kÄ Kloda LevÄ«-Stross, RolÄna Barta, Mihaila Bahtina, Džordža Lakofa un citu darbi, Ä«paÅ”u uzmanÄ«bu pievÄrÅ”ot ar Ädienu saistÄ«tiem simboliem, metaforÄm un alÅ«zijÄm. PÄtÄ«juma aktualitÄti ietekmÄ, pirmkÄrt, tas, ka gastrokritika (Ädiena un ÄÅ”anas pÄtÄ«Å”ana daiļliteratÅ«rÄ) ir salÄ«dzinoÅ”i jauna nozare, kas nozÄ«mÄ daudz iespÄju jauniem atklÄjumiem; otrkÄrt, tas, ka lÄ«dz Å”im nav veikti gastrokritiski postmoderno pasaku pÄtÄ«jumi ā Å”Äda tipa pÄtÄ«jumos lÄ«dz Å”im aplÅ«kotas vienÄ«gi tradicionÄlÄs pasakas.
AtslÄgas vÄrdi: postmodernÄs pasaka, simboli, metaforas, gastrokritika, Ädiens daiļliteratÅ«rÄEating is a fundamental human activity, and food is an essential part of our lives. It does not
only nourish, it also signifies; it is not only a part of our everyday life, it is also a significant
part of any texts where food and eating is present. This research paper is focused on food
motifs in fiction, namely, postmodern fairy tales, including tales by Angela Carter, Tanith
Lee, Neil Gaiman, Gregory Frost, Lisa Goldstein, Patricia A. McKillip, and James Finn
Garner. In this research, food symbols and metaphors present in the abovementioned literary
works are investigated; food and eating are scrutinized as means of revealing character
features, relationship between characters, realia of a fictional world, as well as criticism of a
real world. As a theoretical base for the present research the works of such prominent authors
as Claude Levi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, Mikhail Bakhtin, George Lakoff, and many others
are reviewed, a special emphasis put on food signs and metaphors. The topicality of this
research is defined, firstly, by the fact that gastrocriticism (food and eating studies in works of
fiction) is a relatively new field and thus there is much room for new discoveries; secondly,
by the fact that there are no gastrocritical researches on postmodern fairy tales ā while there
are such studies on traditional fairy tales.
Key words: postmodern fairy tales, symbols, metaphor, gastrocriticism, food in fiction
Attitudes in V. Nabokovās āLolitaā: Analysis of Lexical Expressive Means
No full textÅ ajÄ pÄtÄ«jumÄ apskatÄ«ts viens no 20. gadsimta slavenÄkajiem romÄniem ā Vladimira Nabokova āLolitaā. DarbÄ aplÅ«koti leksiskie tÄlainÄs izteiksmes lÄ«dzekļi, proti, metafora, metonÄ«mija, ceigma, epitets, eifÄmisms un oksimorons, kas ataino attiecÄ«bas starp diviem galvenajiem varoÅiem ā Lolitu, noveles galveno sievietes tÄlu, un Humbertu ā stÄstÄ«tÄjtÄlu. Pirms pÄtÄ«juma rezultÄtu prezentÄcijas dots ieskats teorÄtiskajos materiÄlos, kur tiek izpÄtÄ«ti un izskaidroti augstÄkminÄtie izteiksmes lÄ«dzeļi, kÄ arÄ« sniegts metodoloÄ£ijas apraksts. PÄtÄ«juma rezultÄti var tikt izmantoti par pamatu turpmÄkai izpÄtei.
AtslÄgvÄrdi: mÄkslinieciskÄs izteiksmes lÄ«dzekļi, stilistiskie paÅÄmieni, metafora, metonÄ«mija, zeigma, epitets, oksimorons, Vladimirs Nabokovs, Lolita, literatÅ«ra, noveleThe object of the present research is one of the most famous novels of the 20th century ā āLolitaā by Vladimir Nabokov. This paper focuses on the analysis of lexical expressive means, namely, the notions of metaphor, metonymy, epithet, euphemism and oxymoron, that reflect the attitudes between the two main characters: Lolita, the central female character of the novel, and Humbert, character-narrator. Before the presentation of the findings, the theoretical materials clarifying all the relevant notions ā expressive means in general and the abovementioned devices in particular are presented, and the methodology is described. The findings of the research might be used as a base for further investigations on the subject matter.
Key words: lexical expressive means, stylistic devices, metaphor, metonymy, epithet, oxymoron, Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, literature, nove
Environmental risk factors in operation nurse practice
No full textBakalaura darba tÄma: āApkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktori operÄciju mÄsas pamatspecialitÄtÄ ā Ir svarÄ«gi pÄrzinÄt apkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktorus, kas atrodas darba vidÄ operÄciju mÄsas ikdienÄ, lai kvalitatÄ«vi veiktu darba pienÄkumus. Ja Å”ie faktori paliks bez uzmanÄ«bas, laika gaitÄ tas var atspoguļoties uz veiktÄ darba kvalitÄtes un mÄsas veselÄ«bas. TÄpÄc darba autore uzskata, ka tÄma ir aktuÄlÄ. PÄtÄ«juma mÄrÄ·is: Noskaidrot apkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktorus operÄciju mÄsas pamatspecialitÄtÄ. PÄtÄ«juma uzdevumi: Apkopot un analizÄt zinÄtnisko literatÅ«ru par apkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktoriem operÄciju mÄsas praksÄ; analizÄt V. Hendersones mÄszinÄ«bu teoriju saistÄ«bÄ ar bakalaura darba tÄmu; izstrÄdÄt pÄtÄ«juma instrumentu ā interviju un veikt pilotpÄtÄ«jumu un praktisko pÄtÄ«jumu; apkopot un analizÄt pÄtÄ«jumÄ iegÅ«tos rezultÄtus un izveidot secinÄjumus. PÄtÄ«juma jautÄjums: KÄdi ir apkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktori operÄciju mÄsas pamatspecialitÄtÄ? IzmantotÄ pÄtniecÄ«bas metode: KvalitatÄ«vÄ pÄtniecÄ«bas metode ā daļÄji strukturÄtÄ intervija, kas sastÄv no 10 jautÄjumiem. PÄtÄ«jumÄ tiek analizÄti darba vides riska faktori, kas var apdraudÄt operÄciju mÄsu darba laikÄ. AtslÄgas vÄrdi: apkÄrtÄjÄs vides riska faktori, operÄciju mÄsa, darba videThe theme of the thesis is āEnvironmental risk factors in operation nurse practiceā. The aim of the study is to research environmental risk factors, which are affecting the health of operating room nurses. The tasks of the study are - collecting and analyzing literature about environmental risk factors and how they are affecting operation nurse health. Analyze V. Hendersons nursing theory about basic human needs that refer to bachelorās thesis theme. Research is to develop an interview, to collect and analyze the study results, make conclusions. The research question of the thesis: What are the environmental risk factors in operation nurses practice? Research methodology: non ā experimental, qualitative, descriptive study with a content analysis. 10 regional hospitalās intensive care unit nurses participated in the study and there were 10 questions in the interview, which were used for collecting the data. Key words: environmental risk factors, operation room nurse, work environmen
The attitude of women to homosexuals as depending on the sex of the homosexual person under consideration
No full textPÄtÄ«juma mÄrÄ·is bija: noskaidrot vai sÄkotnÄjÄs informÄcijas jeb ievirzes sniegÅ”ana par to, ka cilvÄks ir homoseksuÄli orientÄts, negatÄ«vi ietekmÄ lÄmumu par novÄrtÄjamÄ indivÄ«da Ä«paŔībÄm; vai pastÄv statistiski nozÄ«mÄ«ga atŔķirÄ«ba sievieÅ”u attieksmÄ pret homoseksuÄli orientÄtiem cilvÄkam atkarÄ«bÄ no vÄrtÄjamÄ indivÄ«da dzimuma; vai attieksme pret vÄ«rieÅ”u dzimuma homoseksuÄli orientÄtiem cilvÄkiem ir negatÄ«vÄka nekÄ pret sievieÅ”u dzimuma homoseksuÄli orientÄtiem cilvÄkiem; izmantot iepriekÅ” veikto pÄtÄ«jumu paradigmu, lai pÄtÄ«tu, kÄ informÄcija par cilvÄka seksuÄlo orientÄciju ietekme Ŕī cilvÄka novÄrtÄjumu. PÄtÄ«jumÄ piedalÄ«jÄs 40 viena dzimuma respondenti (sievietes), vecumÄ no 20 lÄ«dz 24, Latvijas UniversitÄtes studentes, dzimtÄ valoda ā latvieÅ”u. PÄtÄ«juma metode un datu ievÄkÅ”anas metodes: pÄtÄ«jumÄ tika replicÄts iepriekÅ” veiktais eksperiments (Myron Rothbart & Pamela Birell, 1977). Pirms pÄtÄ«juma tika veikts pilot pÄtÄ«jums, lai noskaidrotu vai stimulmateriÄls (Ä«ss teksts ar ievirzi) ir pietiekami neitrÄls. VÄrtÄÅ”anai tika izmantotas Peabody (1969) Ä«paŔību skalas, kas ļauj nodalÄ«t pozitÄ«vÄs un negatÄ«vÄs Ä«paŔības. LatvieÅ”u valodÄ adaptÄjis DimdiÅÅ” (1998) maÄ£istra darbÄ. Respondentiem tika prasÄ«ts, lai viÅi izlasÄ«tu Ä«sus tekstus un atzÄ«mÄtu novÄrtÄjamÄ indivÄ«da Ä«paŔības. Katrs respondents izlasÄ«ja informÄciju par vienu sievieti un vienu vÄ«rieti. Pusei dalÄ«bnieku informÄcijÄ tika minÄts, ka Å”ie indivÄ«di ir homoseksuÄli, pusei - ka heteroseksuÄli. PirmÄ pÄtÄ«juma hipotÄze tika apstiprinÄtÄ statistiskÄs nozÄ«mÄ«bas lÄ«menÄ«. OtrÄ hipotÄze netika apstiprinÄta.The aim of the present study is to make clear whether the giving of initial information about the homosexual orientation influences the decision about the individual under observation in a negative way; whether there is a statistically significant difference in womenās attitude to a homosexually oriented person, according to the sex of the individual. 40 female students of the University of Latvia aged 20 to 24 have taken part in the research. The native language of respondents ā Latvian. The method employed in the research replicates an earlier experiment (Myron Rothbart & Pamela Birell, 1977). Before the research a pilot research was made to see whether the stimulating material (short text with a disposition) is neutral enough. The evaluation is based on the Peabody (1969) quality scales, that allow to distinguish negative from positive qualities. Adapted to Latvian by DimdiÅs in his masterās paper (1998). The respondents were asked to read a short text and then to name the qualities of the evaluated individual. Each responded read the information about one female and one male. Half of the respondents were told that these persons are homosexual, other half ā that they are heterosexual. The results of this research show that attitude to male homosexuals is more negative than to female homosexuals. One of the hypotheses of the research got verified on the level of staticstic significance, but the other one did not
