РАДИОНУКЛИДНАЯ ОЦЕНКА АЛЬВЕОЛЯРНО КАПИЛЛЯРНОЙ ПРОНИЦАЕМОСТИ ДЛЯ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ ЛЕГОЧНОГО ИНФИЛЬТРАТА

Summary.Ventilation scintigraphy of the lungs with analysis of alveolar-capillary permeability (ACP) was performed in patients with confirmed diagnoses of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP, n = 40), infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (IPT, n = 20), distal pulmonary embolism (DPE, n = 11),peripheral lung carcinoma (PLC, n = 17), and in 22 healthy volunteers. ACP values were higher in affected and intact lungs in patients with CAP at 10 and 30 min of the investigation vs those with DPE and were higher at 30 min in the affected lung in patients with CAP compared to patients with IPT. Comparison of ACPs in DPE and IPT patients revealed the ACP reduction in affected and intact lungs of DPE patients at 30 min of the investigation. PLC patients demonstrated the ACP reduction in affected lung compared to contralateral lung. Therefore, ACP gave additional information for differential diagnosis of CAP, IPT, DPE and PLCРезюме. У 88 пациентов с верифицированными диагнозами: внебольничная пневмония (ВП) – 40, инфильтративный туберкулез легких(ИТЛ) – 20, тромбоэмболия дистальных ветвей легочной артерии (ТДВЛА) – 11, периферический рак легких (ПРЛ) – 17, а также у 22 здоровых добровольцев проведена вентиляционная пульмоносцинтиграфия с анализом альвеолярно-капиллярной проницаемости (АКП). При ВП, в отличие от ТДВЛА и ИТЛ, АКП была выше на 10-й и 30-й мин исследования в пораженном и интактном легких по сравнению с ТДВЛА и на 30-й мин исследования – в пораженном легком по сравнению с ИТЛ. Сопоставление значений АКП у больных ТДВЛА и ИТЛ показало снижение АКП на 30-й мин исследования у больных ТДВЛА в пораженном и интактном легких. У пациентов с ПРЛ регистрировалось снижение АКП на стороне поражения по сравнению с контралатеральным легким. Таким образом, оценка АКП позволяет расширить возможности дифференциальной диагностики ВП, ИТЛ, ТДВЛА и ПРЛ

Climate variability during the past 2,000 years and past economic and irrigation activities in the Aral Sea basin

International audienceThe lake level history, here based on the relative abundance of Ca (gypsum), is used for tracing past hydrological conditions in Central Asia. Lake level was close to a minimum before approximately A.D. 300, at about A.D. 600, A.D. 1220, A.D. 1400 and since 1960s it is lowering again. Lake water level was lowest during the fourteenth or early fifteenth centuries as indicated by a coeval settlement, which today is still under water near the well-dated mausoleum of Kerderi. Pollen data from riparian vegetation indicate generally wet conditions between A.D. 400 and A.D. 900, intermitted by short intervals with drier conditions (AD 550–600; A.D. 650–700) and riverbanks were again dry from A.D. 900–1150, A.D. 1450–1550, and from A.D. 1970 onward moisture decreased steadily. Irrigation activities were at a maximum between 300 B.C. and A.D. 300 (Classical Antiquity) and between A.D. 800 and A.D. 1300 (Medieval Age) and after A.D. 1960

Water supply and ancient society in the Lake Balkhash Basin: Runoff variability along the historical Silk Road

Expansion of agricultural practices from the Fertile Crescent to China during the mid and late Holocene are believed to have shaped the early network of Silk Road routes and possibly regulated the dynamics of trade and exchange in the urban oases along the Silk Road throughout its existence. While the impacts of climate change on the Silk Road are more or less documented for the medieval period, they remain poorly understood for early history of the Silk Road, especially in Central Asia. We analyze hydroclimatic proxies derived from fluvial stratigraphy, geochronology, and tree-ring records that acted on various time scales in the Lake Balkhash Basin to learn how changes in water supply could have influenced the early farmers in the Semirechye region of southern Kazakhstan. Our approach aims to identify short-term and long-term variability of regional runoff and to compare the hydrological data with cultural dynamics coupled with the archaeological settlement pattern and agricultural production. The reconstructed runoff variability underscore the contribution of winter precipitation driven by the interaction between the Arctic oscillation and the Siberian High-Pressure System, to Central Asian river discharge. We show that Saka people of the Iron Age employed extensive ravine agriculture on the alluvial fans of the Tian Shan piedmont, where floodwater farming peaked between 400 BC and 200 BC. The early Silk Road farmers on the alluvial fans favored periods of reduced flood flows, river stability and glacier retreat in the Tian Shan Mountains. Moreover, they were able to apply simple flow control structures to lead water across the fan surface. It is very unlikely that changes in water supply ever significantly constricted agricultural expansion in this region