Research of Phenolic Compounds in Plants of Genus Sorbus L

Sorbus L. genus is widespread in the world. In the course of research carried out in various countries, analysis of the phytochemical composition of Sorbus L. species has been performed, however, information about possible variation of phenolic compounds is insufficient. In order to investigate qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves, inflorescences and fruits of Sorbus L. growing in natural habitats and grown in collection in Lithuania HPLC method was developed. Variation patterns of the contents of phenolic compounds flavonoids in leaves, inflorescences and fruits of S. aucuparia L. during the growth season were determined. Qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic acids and flavonoids in leaves of S. aucuparia L. growing in natural habitats in Lithuania was investigated. Qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic acids and flavonoids of species and varieties of genus Sorbus L. plants, grown in collections, was investigated. Antioxidant activity of fruits of species and varieties of genus Sorbus L. was investigated applying postcolumn HPLC method and relationship between the amount of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was revealed

Analysis of 5-nitrofuraldehyde derivatives antimicrobial activity, evaluation of toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties and structure – activity relationship

Analysis of 5-nitrofuraldehyde derivatives antimicrobial activity, evaluation of toxicity, pharmacokinetic properties and structure – activity relationship. K. Gaivelytė Master Thesis. Scientific supervisors: Dr. V. Petrikaitė, Dr. J. Šarlauskas, Prof. Habil. Dr. A. Pavilonis; Kaunas University of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry. Kaunas, 2010. The Aim of the Research – to evaluate the influence of the structure of 5-nitrofuraldehyde derivatives and identify the most promising compounds for the further research. Methods. Prognosis of antimicrobial activity of all compounds was carried out by using PASS software. Antimicrobial activity was tested in vitro by using a serial dilution in agar technique. Pharmacokinetic properties and toxicity were predicted by using ADME/Tox Boxes program. Results. PASS program predicted antibacterial and antifungal activity for all tested compounds. The results of experiments in vitro showed that activity against various microorganisms was different; compounds without nitrofuran fragment were not active. Biscompouds were active enough against all bacteria (MIC = 0,5-100 μg/ml), except P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis. Biscompoud possessing butyl fragment in its structure was the most active against S. aureus, E. faecalis and B. subtilis and biscompound BIC-67 with the moiety of pyridine was the most active against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis (MIC = 50 μg/ml). It could be that the activity of this compound (BIC-67) is influenced not only by the presence of heterocycle, but also by its double (bis) structure. Compound BIC-22 having dichlorbenzene moiety connected through the oxygen bridge in its structure selectively and in low concentration (MIC = 10 μg/ml) inhibited the growth of B. subtilis. Halogenation of benzene moiety in the side chain of 5-nitrofuran derivatives increased the activity against C. albicans compared to nitrofural. The lower toxicity was predicted for biscompounds (except compound BIC-67) and for the most active antimicrobial compound having furanyl moiety (BIC-24) compared to nitrofural. High probability of toxicity to organs was predicted for the biscompounds, and these probabilities were lower for the compound BIC-24. Toxicity of 5 nitrofurans increases almost two times after chain lengthening by the double bond in the second position, however antimicrobial activity increases, too. Toxicity to organs increases by increasing the number of nitro groups in the structure of 5-nitrofuran derivatives. The structure of nitrofuran bisderivatives and incorporation of benzimidazole moiety into nitrofuran structure may lead to their low bioavailability, so it is not advisable to develop compounds with similar structure for oral use. Conclusions. Prognosis of activity is useful because it helps to identify the compounds for testing but it is not advisible to rely in it completely; it is necessary to carry out the experiments in vitro. On the basis of the results of microbiological experiments and the prognosis data for toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties we identified the most promising nitrofuran derivatives: BIC-22, BIC-24, BIC 34, BIC-67

Determination of the Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Pear Extracts

The specific HPLC analytical procedure was developed and validated for the determination of phenolic compounds in pear samples of different popular cultivars “Conference,” “Concordia,” “Grabova,” and “Patten.” HPLC mobile phase consisted of 0.05% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid in water and 100% (v/v) acetonitrile. The HPLC method was used to identify and confirm the specificity of 8 analytes: chlorogenic acid, rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin rutinoside, quercitrin, quercitrin malonyl glucoside, and isorhamnetin glucoside. Repeatability % RSD did not exceed 3.87%, and intermediate precision did not exceed 4.63%. The total content of phenolic compounds varied from 0.51±0.001 mg/g (cv. “Concordia”) to 1.11±0.013 mg/g (cv. “Patten”). Chlorogenic acid was the major component in all the tested pear cultivars. The highest amount of chlorogenic acid (0.69±0.033 mg/g) was found in pear samples of the cultivar “Grabova,” and the highest amount of flavonol compounds (1.11±0.013 mg/g) was found in pear samples of the cultivar “Concordia.

Composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds in fruit of the genus Rosa L.

We investigated the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds in the fruit of Rosa L. cultivars grown in Lithuania. The highest total content of phenolic compounds (50.13 ± 4.17 mg GAE/g, p < 0.05) was determined in fruit samples of Rosa pimpinellifolia L. cultivar “Single Cherry”. The highest levels of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were determined in fruit samples of Rosa rugosa Thunb. cultivars “Dart’s Defender” and “Adam Chodun”. The highest flavonoid content was determined in fruit samples of Rosa multiflora Thunb. cultivar “Nana” and R. multiflora species. The strongest antioxidant activity evaluated by applying DPPH and FRAP assays was determined in fruit extracts of R. pimpinellifolia cultivar “Single Cherry” and R. rugosa cultivar “Adam Chodun”. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds in Rosa L. fruit was performed by applying UHPLC. The following phenolic compounds were identified in fruit samples: caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, (−)-epicatechin gallate, rutin, phloridzin, and kaempferol-3-O-glycoside. A strong correlation was determined between the total amount of phenolic compounds determined in extracts of the fruit samples of Rosa L. cultivars and the radical scavenging and reducing activity of their extracts in vitro (R = 0.767 and 0.727, respectively, p < 0.05)

Detection and analysis of triterpenic compounds in apple extracts

A new technique for the rapid detection and analysis of triterpenic compounds in apple extracts using HPLC was developed and validated. The main advantage of this technique is the short duration of the analysis – this makes this technique superior to others currently applied for the routine HPLC analysis of triterpenic compounds. The developed, optimized, and validated technique was used for the evaluation of triterpenic compounds in samples of different cultivars of apples, their peels, and flesh. In total, four triterpenic compounds were isolated and identified. Ursolic acid was the dominant compound in all the tested apple samples. The highest amounts of triterpenic compounds were detected in the peels of the ‘Lodel’ apple cultivar, and thus apples of this cultivar may be potentially useful for the isolation of individual compounds and the production of functional food and dietary supplements

Variability in the Qualitative and Quantitative Composition and Content of Phenolic Compounds in the Fruit of Introduced American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton)

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the composition and content of phenolic compounds in ethanol extracts of eight di erent cultivars of American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) fruit using spectrophotometric and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis and to evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro of these extracts. The highest total amount of phenolic compounds evaluated via Folin–Ciocalteu spectrophotometry was detected in American cranberry fruit samples of the ‘Bain’ clone, and the highest total amount of flavonoids was found in samples of the ‘Drever’ and ‘Baiwfay’ cultivars. The highest total amount of the individual phenolic compounds (519.53 25.12 mg/g DW) identified and quantitatively evaluated via chromatography was detected in samples of the ‘Searles’ cranberry cultivar. In the studied cranberry samples, the predominant phenolic compounds were hyperoside, quercetin, and procyanidin A2, while the amounts of other compounds were significantly lower. HCA and PCA revealed that ‘Woolman’, ‘Holliston’, ‘Pilgrim, and ‘Searles’ fruit samples had di erent quantitative content of phenolic compounds from other cranberry cultivars. Meanwhile, fruit of ‘Baiwfay’, ‘Drever’, ‘Bain’, and ‘Bergman’ were similar in their phytochemical profile

Variability in the Content of Phenolic Compounds in Plum Fruit

The aim of this study was to determine the composition and content of phenolic compounds in extracts of plum fruit. Fruit of 17 plum cultivars were analyzed. Fruit samples were collected in 2019 from fruit trees with “Myrobalan” (P. cerasifera Ehrh.) and “Wangenheim Prune” (P. domestica L.) rootstocks. The following glycosides of the flavonol group were identified: avicularin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, rutin, and an aglycone quercetin. Compounds of the flavan-3-ol group were identified, such as (+)-catechin, procyanidin C1, and procyanidin A2, along with chlorogenic acid attributed to phenolic acids and a non-phenolic cyclitol–quinic acid. Of all the analytes identified in plum fruit samples, quinic acid predominated, while chlorogenic acid predominated among all the identified phenolic compounds, and rutin predominated in the flavonol group. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that fruit samples of “Kubanskaya Kometa”, “Zarechnaya Raniaya”, “Duke of Edinburgh”, “Jubileum”, and “Favorita del Sultano” cultivars had di erent quantitative content of phenolic compounds from that observed in other samples. The highest total amount of phenolic compounds was found in the European plum samples of the “Zarechnaya Rannyaya” cultivar, while the amount of quinic acid was the highest in plum fruit samples of the “Jubileum” cultivar

Detection and analysis of triterpenic compounds in apple extracts

<p>A new technique for the rapid detection and analysis of triterpenic compounds in apple extracts using HPLC was developed and validated. The main advantage of this technique is the short duration of the analysis – this makes this technique superior to others currently applied for the routine HPLC analysis of triterpenic compounds. The developed, optimized, and validated technique was used for the evaluation of triterpenic compounds in samples of different cultivars of apples, their peels, and flesh. In total, four triterpenic compounds were isolated and identified. Ursolic acid was the dominant compound in all the tested apple samples. The highest amounts of triterpenic compounds were detected in the peels of the ‘Lodel’ apple cultivar, and thus apples of this cultivar may be potentially useful for the isolation of individual compounds and the production of functional food and dietary supplements.</p