Corporate Social Responsibility, ethics and incentives

Los beneficios derivados de la internalización de los valores de la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa [CSR] en la empresa pueden pasarse por alto debido a la falta de pruebas sólidas de una correlación positiva entre la RSE y las ganancias corporativas.  Sin embargo, la RSE también podría tener un propósito estratégico para desviar la atención del mercado de los objetivos corporativos. Aunque puede ser difícil probar cuáles son los objetivos que persigue una empresa, a excepción de los declarados en informes oficiales, confiamos en la información cualitativa de la empresa y el comportamiento observado. Como el Código de conducta de un banco en México y los incentivos para los empleados no están alineados con el mandato de la RSE, la inconsistencia subsiguiente sugiere que podrían estar implementando prácticas no éticas en detrimento de los clientes para lograr su objetivo

BRICS: financial literacy and financial inclusion

En este artículo abordamos el estado de la educación y la inclusión financiera en los países BRICS donde la desigualdad y la pobreza siguen presentes. Del mismo modo la inclusión financiera debe combinarse con la educación financiera para mejorar las capacidades financieras de las personas; asimismo, revisamos cómo los países BRICS están gestionando dichos problemas. Se utilizaron los datos de la Encuesta Global FinLit 2014 de Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services para analizar la educación financiera, la base de datos de inclusión financiera mundial 2014 y la encuesta de acceso financiero 2015 para examinar la inclusión financiera. Dado que no más de 5 de cada 10 personas en los países del BRICS responden correctamente a preguntas básicas de problemas financieros, y los resultados de las estrategias nacionales para la educación financiera aún no están disponibles, es difícil evaluar si las personas serán capaces de usar instrumentos financieros y obtener los beneficios de la inclusión financiera. Por lo tanto, en este momento, las preguntas sobre el acceso financiero universal aún están sin resolver

Response to criticism on "Ruling Out Primordial Black Hole Formation From Single-Field Inflation'': A note on bispectrum and one-loop correction in single-field inflation with primordial black hole formation

Primordial black holes (PBHs) can be formed from the collapse of large-amplitude perturbation on small scales in the early universe. Such an enhanced spectrum can be realized by introducing a flat region in the potential of single-field inflation, which makes the inflaton go into a temporary ultraslow-roll (USR) period. In this paper, we calculate the bispectrum of curvature perturbation in such a scenario. We explicitly confirm that bispectrum satisfies Maldacena's theorem. At the end of the USR period, the bispectrum is generated by bulk interaction and field redefinition. At the end of inflation, bispectrum is generated only by bulk interaction. We also calculate the one-loop correction to the power spectrum from the bispectrum, called the source method. We find it consistent with the calculation of one-loop correction from the second-order expansion of in-in perturbation theory. In the last section of this paper, we write our response to criticism to our letter [arXiv:2211.03395] by [arXiv:2301.00599]. We argue that the criticism is based on the incorrect use of Maldacena's theorem. After fixing such a mistake, we show that the one-loop correction in our letter is reproduced in the source method as well. This confirms our letter's conclusion that rules out PBH formation from single-field inflation.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2211.0339

Personal and Social Deixis as A Political Campaign Strategy Used in Donald Trump’s Rally

The use of personal and social deixis often has a crucial role in political speeches. This study investigated how personal deixis was used as a strategy to get other people’s support in Donald Trump’s presidential campaign speech. The object of the study was Trump’s speech in his presidential rally on October 10, 2020, and the data were the personal and social deixis in the speech. The occurrences of deixis were counted to reveal the parties to whom Trump gave his attention, and an analysis of the words used was conducted to see Trump’s attitudes toward the parties addressed by the deixis. The study revealed that Trump used personal deixis more than social deixis. There were five big parties to which he gave his attention using the deixis: the audience, Trump himself, the USA and its people, his opponents, and his party and government. Using the deixis, Trump also showed a positive attitude to his side and a negative attitude to the opponents. His use of personal and social deixis was also used as a campaign strategy. The deixis created inclusiveness, positioned Trump in different roles, showed support from several American communities, and influenced the audience’s attitude toward Trump’s opponents

The Information Structures of by + V-Ing in Social Media’s Legal Texts

The structure of a sentence might be influenced by how information is intended to be delivered. In legal texts, how words are arranged is a crucial factor as it might affect how readers understand the messages in the texts. This study investigates the information structure of a prepositional phrase (PP) namely by + V-ing in social media’s legal texts. The data sources of this study were nine legal texts from five social media, namely Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, and TikTok. The analysis process resulted in the findings that 43 % of the phrases were preposed and 57 % were in postverbal position. The study also found that every placement of the PP is able to present both given or new information, with introduction of new information dominates the use of the PP. Further, the research also observed several contexts in which the PP is employed. From the research, it is expected that the results could help readers in understanding information delivered in legal texts.

Pengaruh kepuasan kerja, motivasi kerja, dan stres kerja terhadap komitmen organisasi guru

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis dan menguji pengaruh positif kepuasan kerja, motivasi kerja dan pengaruh negatif stress terhadap komitmen organisasi guru di sekolah XYZ. Metode survey dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Metode pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner yang diberikan kepada seluruh guru sekolah XYZ. Jumlah responden sebesar 42 responden. Analisis statistik menggunakan pendekatan partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kepuasan kerja dan motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap komitmen organisasi. Selanjutnya, stres kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap komitmen organisasi

Ruling Out Primordial Black Hole Formation From Single-Field Inflation

The most widely studied formation mechanism of a primordial black hole (PBH) is collapse of large-amplitude perturbation on small scales generated in single-field inflation. In this Letter, we calculate one-loop correction to the large-scale power spectrum in such a model. We find models producing appreciable amount of PBHs generically induce too large one-loop correction on large scale probed by cosmic microwave background radiation. We therefore conclude that PBH formation from single-field inflation is ruled out

Older Adults’ Financial Literacy Spatial Analysis in Tlaxcala

Análisis Espacial de la Educación Financiera en Adultos Mayores en TlaxcalaEste artículo mapea la educación financiera de las personas adultas mayores (PAM) en 59 de 60 municipios del estado de Tlaxcala (México) analizando los patrones a nivel municipal y distrito electoral. A través de una muestra aleatoria de 2954 PAM, medimos y comparamos las medias de educación financiera de los subgrupos respecto a la media estatal. Sólo el 2,33% de todas las PAM tienen conocimientos financieros, y aquellos con mayor dependencia muestran menores conocimientos respecto a la media estatal. Tener educación formal y no haber heredado se asocian con mejores conocimientos y el analfabetismo financiero se asocia con la violencia hacia las PAM. Estos resultados pueden constituir una línea base para políticas públicas y evidencian las vulnerabilidades específicas de este grupo etario. La principal limitación consiste en no haber alcanzado todos los municipios ni todos los distritos electorales. La originalidad de esta investigación radica en el mapeo de microdatos agregados que puede beneficiar a los tomadores de decisiones y a los investigadores. Para difundir la educación financiera es necesario adoptar medidas específicas y vinculadas a la política nacional en materia.This paper maps older adults (OAs) financial literacy in 59 out of 60 municipalities of the Tlaxcala state (Mexico) analyzing the patterns at municipality and voting district level. Through a random sample of 2954 OAs we measure and compare sub-groups financial literacy means versus the state mean. Only 2.33% of all OAs are financial literate, and those with higher dependency score below the state average. Formal education and not having inherited are associated with major knowledge and OAs financial illiteracy is associated with being abused. This results may serve as a baseline for public policy and show specific vulnerabilities for this age group. The main limitation of the research is that neither all municipalities, nor voting district, were surveyed. The originality stems from mapping microdata aggregation that may benefit decision makers and research scholars. In order to spread financial literacy specific actions attached to the national policy need to be taken