Identification and Antibacterial Activity of Bacteria Isolated from Marine Sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. against Multi-Drug Resistant Human Pathogen

The marine sponge Haliclona (Reniera) sp. was a potential source of natural bioactive compounds. This sponge widely distributed along the coast of Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia. The aims of this research were to isolate the associated bacteria with Haliclona (Reniera) sp. and to screen the antibacterial activity against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria. Amount five bacteria were isolated using media selective for bacteria. The antibacterial activities of bacteria were performed by overlay methods. The bacteria strain PSP. 39-04 had the best activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter cloaceae. Based on colony morphology and phylogenetic characterization using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PSP 39-04 was closely related with Chromohalobacter salixigens strain DSM3043

First Record of Epizoic Diatom Presence on Poricellaria ratoniensis (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from Java Sea, Indonesia

Indonesian waters cover a high diversity of marine organisms (micros- and macros-) of interest to scientists. Among this diversity, the neglected bryozoan had been scarcely reported due to lack of information from this area, especially on the epizoic diatoms since they are favorable as their dietary. This preliminary study aimed to investigate and witness the presence of epizoic diatom on bryozoan Poricellaria ratoniensis. Our data revealed an assemblage of diatoms attached to bryozoan surfaces and exhibiting taxonomic diversity. In total, members of five genera Amphora, Cocconeis, Neodetonia, Staurophora, and Thalassiosira were found, including the measurement of their cell size, respectively. The attached diatoms were mainly within the bryozoan operculum (op) range, functioning as feeding organs. However, further study is needed to understand the interaction between bryozoan and diatoms aiming for ecological services

Isolation And Partial Characterization Of Bacteria Activity Associated With Gorgonian Euplexaura sp. Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in around the world and has been resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin. The aims of this study were to isolate, to investigate and to characterize bacterial symbionts gorgonian having activity against MRSA. Euplexaura sp. was collected from Panjang Island, Jepara, Indonesia by snorkling 2-5 m in depth. Bacterias were isolated by using spesific media with dilution method. Bacterias were conducted by using the streak method. Antibacterial activity was investigated by overlay method. The potent bacteria was identified by using molecular identification (DNA extraction, electrophoresis, PCR and phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA genes with actinobacteria-spesific primers) and bio-chemical test (among 5 isolated bacteria from gorgonian showed activity against MRSA). The strain PG-344 was the best candidat that has an inhibition zone against MRSA. The result of sequencing bacteria is 100% closely related with Virgibacillus salarius. This becomes a potential new bioactive compounds to against MRSA that can be a new drug discovery

The Uncultured Gamma Proteobacterium and Culturable Associated-Bacteria from Tunicate Herdmania momus

Tunicate associated bacteria have been widely known as secondary metabolite producers. Beside the culturable bacteria, little is known about uncultured tunicate associated bacteria. This research aims to know the uncultured bacteria from tunicate Herdmania momus, to screen for antimicrobial activity from culturable Herdmania momus associated bacteria, and to test the crude extract for antimicrobial activity. The tunicate was successfully identified as Herdmania momus with accession number LC456724. The isolation of culturable bacteria resulted in 14 strains. The result 3 of the showing antimicrobial activity against gram-negative (MDR E. coli) and gram-positive (MRSA, MSSA, MDR B. cereus) bacteria. The strongest activity was from the crude extract of strain TSC 20. The 16S rDNA identification revealed the strain has the closest similarity with Bacillus subtilis, and the accession number is LC455706. While from the DNA of Herdmania momus discovered one uncultured gamma proteobacterium DNA fragmen

Characterization and Identification of Antibacterial Compound from Pseudoalteromonas piscicida Associated with Chromodoris lochi

The present study was focused on characterization and analyzed the active compound against human pathogenic bacteria. Thirty-three isolates bacteria associated C. lochi from Saparua Island, were screened as antibacterial activity against strain bacteria of Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR). Screening antibacterial activity was done by the overlay method; the largest clear zone of activity was chosen for further analysis. Identified species of the best candidate was done using molecular work (16s rDNA genes with specific primer). Extraction of bio compound was done with three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane) into paper disk plate assay. The compound was successfully characterized by LCMS/MS spectroscopic data. The isolate SM-N-3-7 showed inhibitory activity against MDR pathogens viz., Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli. The fraction active was successfully isolation from the ethyl acetate fraction. The structure compound extracted from SM-N-3-7 was identified as (E)-Hexadecyl-ferulate and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Based on molecular identification, the isolate SM-N-3-7 was closely related to 99% with Pseudolateromonas piscicida. We concluded that P. piscida associated C. lochi has great potential for the antimicrobial agent

Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria

Bacteria associated with tunicate, Polycarpa aurata, from Lease Sea, Maluku, Indonesia exhibiting anti-multidrug resistant bacteria. Biodiversitas 20: 956-964. Tunicate is a rich secondary metabolites producer with various biological activities whether as an original producer or produced by the associated microorganisms. In this study, a total of 11 tunicate specimens were identified as Polycarpa aurata with four color variations based on morphological characteristic and COI gene identification and BLAST analysis. The P. aurata associated-bacteria were isolated and tested for antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. A total of 86 axenic isolates were successfully purified. Furthermore, nine isolates (10.5%) exhibited antibacterial activity on preliminary screening. Nine prospective isolates were fermented in respective medium (Zobell 2216, modified M1 or modified ISP2 media) then extracted using ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts from liquid fermentation were tested against MDR Escherichia coli, MDR Bacillus cereus, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-Sensitive and Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). As a result, seven isolates (8.1%) still retained the activity at the extract concentration 150 µg/disk. Molecular analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing revealed the most active isolates, TSB 47, TSC 10 and TSB 34 identified as Bacillus tropicus, Vibrio alginolyticus and Virgibacillus massiliensis, with BLAST homology 99%

Bacterial isolates from bryozoanPleurocodonellina sp.: Diversity and antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria

There isan urgent need to discover new compounds with antibacterial activity, which can be developed into lead structures for the treatment of human disease caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we focussed on bryozoan-associated bacteria to screen them toward antibacterial activities, since the microbiome of these organisms can still be regarded as under-investigated. Most of the few publications about bryozoan-associated bacteria focused on taxonomy and the potential as producers of antibacterial natural products were neglected. Four specimens of bryozoan Pleurocodonellina sp. were collected from Teluk Awur, Jepara inJava Sea, Indonesia. Therefrom, 56 bacterial strains were isolated, and 17 displayed antibacterial activitiesagainst MDR bacteria Pseudomonas aruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Taxonomic identification of the bacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed them belonging to the genera Virgibacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Halomonas, and Bacillus. Most interestingly, the genus Virgibacillus was dominantly obtained from the Pleurocodonellina sp. specimens, i.e., 12 active isolates. Nevertheless, the best activities against MDR bacteria(both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) were contributed to isolates showing >99% identity to Pseudoalteromonas. The results further suggest adding the genus Virgibacillus as bacteria associated with bryozoan, since to the best of our knowledge there were no reports of this genus isolated from bryozoan

Antibacterial potential of nudibranch-associated bacteria from Saparua and Nusa Laut Islands, Indonesia

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria are the international health issue that triggers the urgency of finding new antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to obtain the nudibranchs-associated bacteria that have bioactivity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. A total of 13 species of nudibranch were identified based on morphological characterization. Overlay methods were used for the screening of the isolates bioactivity against six pathogenic multidrug-resistant bacteria. The Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of the crude extract was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Bacillussubtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus,and Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases E. coli (ESBL) using MTT method. A total of 145 isolates were obtained which eleven of the isolates showed antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria. The MIC tests showed that the best activity was isolate SM-S-9-15 and SM-N-3-7. The methanolic extract of isolate SM-S-9-15 active to all of the pathogenic bacteria, while the ethyl acetate extract of the isolate SM-N-3-7 active to the E. coli, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniaat the concentration of 500 g/mL. According to 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence-based identification, all active isolates belong to Virgibacillusmarismortui, V. dokdonensis, Bacilluskochii, Vibrioalgynoliticus,and Pseudoalteromonaspiscicida

Isolasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dari Bakteri Asosiasi Nudibranch terhadap Bakteri Multi-Drug Resistant

Penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen merupakan salah satu masalah serius dalam dunia kesehatan. Kondisi ini semakin memburuk dengan ditemukannya strain bakteri yang bersifat resisten terhadap senyawa antibakteri atau antibiotik. Bakteri ini disebut bakteri Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR). Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini, yaitu mencari senyawa antibakteri dari mikroorganisme yang bersimbiosis dengan invertebrata laut. Invertebrata laut yang mulai dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan ini salah satunya adalah nudibranch. Namun, penelitian mengenai aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri asosiasi nudibranch masih kurang dieksplor dibandingkan dengan invertebrata laut lainnya seperti spons, bryozoa, dan tunikata. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, maka masih diperlukan eksplorasi dan uji antibakteri dari mikroorganisme nudibranch untuk mendapatkan isolat maupun senyawa antibakteri yang berpotensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan menganalisis potensi bakteri asosiasi nudibranch terhadap bakteri Multi-Drug Resistant. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa 6 spesies nudibranch, yang terdiri dari Halgerda willeyi, Polycera abei, Discodoris boholiensis, Carminodoris grandiflora, dan Tambja sp. yang diambil dari area Batuniti Slope. Tulamben, Bali. Media isolasi bakteri yang digunakan berupa media universal (Zobell Marine Agar) dan media selektif (SCA, ISP2, dan AIA) yang ditambahkan anti-jamur berupa nystatin (30 mg/L) dan ketoconazole (30 mg/L). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu secara kualitatif menggunakan metode soft-agar overlay dan agar plug diffusion serta secara kuantitatif menggunakan disc-diffusion. Crude extract yang digunakan pada uji disc-diffusion diperoleh dari metode ekstraksi berupa partisi cair-cair menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Tujuh jenis bakteri MDR yang diujikan, yaitu Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella thypi, dan Bacillus subtilis. Total 79 isolat yang berhasil diisolasi dari keenam jenis nudibranch. Ditemukan 5 isolat (6,33%) yang mampu menghambat beberapa jenis bakteri MDR, yaitu terdapat 2 isolat yang aktif menghambat bakteri MDR Bacillus subtilis dan 3 isolat yang membentuk zona hambat pada bakteri MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat terbesar terhadap bakteri MDR B. subtilis dihasilkan adalah 9,3 mm (kategori sedang) sedangkan pada bakteri MDR P. aeruginosa sebesar 12,8 mm (kategori kuat). Menurut sifat antibakterinya, terdapat 1 isolat yang bersifat bakterisidal, lainnya bersifat bakteriostatik. Kelima isolat bakteri ini memiliki antibakteri berspektrum sempit (narrow spectrum). Kelima isolat termasuk dalam golongan bakteri gram positif dan positif uji katalase. Sebanyak 3 isolat yang positif saat uji oksidase. Berdasarkan pengamatan bentuk sel, 2 isolat memiliki bentuk sel kokus dan 3 isolat lainnya memiliki bentuk sel basil