Heterogeneous singlet fission in a covalently linked pentacene dimer

Molecular dimers are generally regarded as essential tools for probing structure-property relationships in condensed-phase systems, revealing complexities where structural tuning is challenging. Traditionally treated as “static,” with properties defined by their optimized geometry, we argue that dimers are “dynamic,” exhibiting considerable conformational heterogeneity over time, which significantly influences interchromophore coupling strengths. Illustrating this, we explore the singlet fission dynamics of a pentacene dimer linked by phenyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole and acetylene bridges. The unrestricted rotations yield a myriad of rotational conformers, each altering the singlet fission processes, evident through excitation-energy-dependent transient absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. This necessitates considering not only broad distribution of rate constants but also multidimensional potential-energy surfaces with multiple sub-ensembles, leading to “heterogeneous singlet fission.” Consequently, these findings challenge the prevailing static approach to molecular dimer photophysics, suggesting that individual steps in excited-state relaxation pathways cannot be delineated by unique rate constants and yields

Estimation of 24 hours proteinuria comparison of two method

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Significance of protenuria in diabetes

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Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) as a Clinical Predictor of Decompensation in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)

Introduction. Systemic inflammation triggered by bacterial products like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the circulation is an important factor leading to decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has a significant role in innate immune response to LPS in the circulation and could therefore increase the risk for decompensation in patients with CLD. In this study, we have explored the role of HDL-C as a prognostic marker for decompensation. Methods. This was a prospective, observational, cohort study where consecutive patients with CLD were included. Patients with cholestatic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. Fasting lipids were measured in all patients at the time of recruitment. Each patient was carefully followed up for development of decompensation events such as new-onset/worsening ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleed during follow-up. Results. A total of 170 patients were included (mean age 60±11.5 years, M:F=6:1). At the end of follow-up, 97/170 patients (57%) had decompensation events. Mean HDL-C levels were significantly lower among patients with decompensation (27.5±15 mg/dL vs. 43.5±13.9 mg/dL; p value 0.004). Using ROC analysis, cut-off for HDL-C of 36.4 mg/dL was identified. On multivariate analysis, HDL-C (OR=6.072; 95% CI 2.39-15.39) was found to have an independent association with risk of decompensation. Conclusions. HDL-C level (<36.4 mg/dL) is a reliable marker for risk of decompensation and can be a useful addition to existing prognostic scoring systems in CLD. It can be a valuable tool to streamline treatment protocols and prioritise liver transplantation

Comparison of Stalk Volume by Water Displacement Method and Calculation Method for Stalk Weight Determination and Its Relevance to Single Cane Weight in Sugarcane Clones

The present study was conducted to identify the association of non-destructive rapid estimation of stalk volume by calculation method with water displacement method and to predict the single cane weight by stalk volume. The stalk volume by water displacement method (SVWM) and stalk volume by calculation method (SVCM) were compared for the efficacy of stalk weight determination in sugarcane clones. Results from both methods were similar and a highly significant relationship was found between the two methods (r2 = 0.9092, P &lt; 0.0001). Both protocols provide consistent stalk volume measurements; however, the stalk volume calculation method is preferred for its quick evaluation of a large number of stalks in a rapid way besides its non-destructive nature. The calculation method saved more than 70 seconds for each sample. The stalk weight has shown a significant correlation of r=0.71***, 0.83***, 0.94***, 0.99*** with SH, CD, SVCM and SVWM respectively, while the stalk density (SD) was observed with a negative correlation (r=-0.27ns) with stalk weight. The stalk volume-based predicted stalk weight estimation was observed with high degree of correlation (&gt;0.88***) with the original single cane weight by both the studied methods, thus, measurements of stalk volume based on calculation method which provide simple, rapid, non-destructive field phenotyping of single cane weight in sugarcane crop may be recommended for the sugarcane research

Rapid Assessment of Rind Hardness in Sugarcane and Its Association with Biochemical Traits

Rind hardness in sugarcane plays a major role in lodging resistance, and internode borer resistance,screening of sugarcane for rind hardness is essential for reducing yield loss. In order to identify the suitability of soil penetrometer for rapid rind hardness measurement, the rind hardness testing was carried out in two sugarcane clones of different rind hardness variability viz., Co 13003 (hard rind type) and Co 14002 (soft rind type). The investigation was carried out by three methods viz., pendulum type impact test rig, texture analyzer,and soil penetrometer and theresults revealed that thehard rind type Co 13003 sugarcane clone was observed with significantly greater hardness. Significant correlation between the three methods for the rind hardness trait and among the three methods the soil penetrometer method of determination of rind hardness is easy and rapid. Two-way hierarchical cluster analysis of studied biochemical traits has revealed a better classification of hard-rinded and soft-rind sugarcane clones. The Co 13003 was recorded as least susceptible to borers with high rind hardness (&gt;200 psi), along with better fibre. The NG 77 a hard rind type clone was also observed with high lignin compared to soft rind Gungera