Electrochemical reduction of 2-methyl glutaronitrile on deposited electrodes in aqueous media

2-methyl- 1,5 diaminopentane is obtained by the reduction of 2-methyl glutaronitrile by a simple electrochemical technique, using deposited nickel black and palladium black cathodes under different conditions. Various synthetic parameters have been standardised. The results obtained from various reduction experiments are discusse

Giant coherence in driven systems

We study the noise-induced currents and reliability or coherence of transport in two different classes of rocking ratchets. For this, we consider the motion of Brownian particles in the over damped limit in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes subjected to unbiased temporally symmetric and asymmetric periodic driving force. In the case of a time symmetric driving, we find that even in the presence of a spatially symmetric simple sinusoidal potential, highly coherent transport occurs. These ratchet systems exhibit giant coherence of transport in the regime of parameter space where unidirectional currents in the deterministic case are observed. Outside this parameter range, i.e., when current vanishes in the deterministic regime, coherence in transport is very low. The transport coherence decreases as a function of temperature and is a non-monotonic function of the amplitude of driving. The transport becomes unreliable as we go from the adiabatic to the non-adiabatic domain of operation.Comment: 15 pages, 9 figures, replaced by the version to appear in JSTA

Synthesis of polythiophene n-type and p-type doping and compensation

The synthesis of pdythiophene leading to the formation of n-type potythiophene, p-type polythiophene and neutral polythiophene has been investigated through electropolymerization with different dopant ions. The influence of doping level over conductivity of the polymer matrix has also been studied which reveals that a preselected room temperature conductivity can easily be imparted to the parent polymer chain. It has also been found that the compensation of one type of conductivity over other occurs during the process of dedoping and redopin

Role of Associated Complex in Determining the Magnitude of Excess Volumes of Binary Liquid Mixtures: Part I - Aniline & Methyl-substituted Anilines with Cyclohexane as Inert Diluent

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Relativistic spin precession in the binary PSR J1141−-6545

PSR J1141$-$6545 is a precessing binary pulsar that has the rare potential to reveal the two-dimensional structure of a non-recycled pulsar emission cone. It has undergone $\sim 25 \deg$ of relativistic spin precession in the $\sim18$ years since its discovery. In this paper, we present a detailed Bayesian analysis of the precessional evolution of the width of the total intensity profile, to understand the changes to the line-of-sight impact angle ($\beta$) of the pulsar using four different physically motivated prior distribution models. Although we cannot statistically differentiate between the models with confidence, the temporal evolution of the linear and circular polarisations strongly argue that our line-of-sight crossed the magnetic pole around MJD 54000 and that only two models remain viable. For both these models, it appears likely that the pulsar will precess out of our line-of-sight in the next $3-5$ years, assuming a simple beam geometry. Marginalising over $\beta$ suggests that the pulsar is a near-orthogonal rotator and provides the first polarization-independent estimate of the scale factor ($\mathbb{A}$) that relates the pulsar beam opening angle ($\rho$) to its rotational period ($P$) as $\rho = \mathbb{A}P^{-0.5}$ : we find it to be $> 6 \rm~deg~s^{0.5}$ at 1.4 GHz with 99\% confidence. If all pulsars emit from opposite poles of a dipolar magnetic field with comparable brightness, we might expect to see evidence of an interpulse arising in PSR J1141$-$6545, unless the emission is patchy.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Recovery of Xanthan Gum from Palm Oil-Based Fermentation Broth by Diafiltration with Flat Polysulfone Microfiltration (MF) Membrane

Xanthan gum recovery from palm oil-based broth by diafiltration was carried out using flat microfiltration (MF) membrane. Optimization of process parameters such as transmembrane pressure (TMP), crossflow velocity (CFV), ionic strength (IS) and diafiltration factor (DF) was performed by Taguchi method using signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio of larger-the-better criterion yielding the following optimum conditions: level 1, level 2, level 3, and level 2, respectively, corresponding to Xanthan recovery of 68 %. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed the significance of TMP on providing a driving force for Xanthan’s transmembrane transport (XTT), whereas little effect of DF indicated the evidence of sieving action by cake layer on XTT, which was also responsible for complete rejection of oil indicated by the absence of fatty acid component in permeate upon GC-MS analysis. On the contrary, better XTT was observed during MF operation on zero-oil broth due to absence of oily cake layer rendering CFV more effective

Adoption and Impact of Eco-Friendly Conservation Practices in The Nilgiris District of Western Ghats

The study was under taken to find out the relationship between the profile of the farmers of The Nilgiris district and the impact in their adoption of Eco Friendly Conservation Practices. The study revealed that educational status, risk orientation, training undergone, progressiveness, self reliance, innovativeness and contact with extension agency were found  to have positively contributed to the adoption of Eco Friendly Conservation Practices. With respect to impact, majority of the farmers opined that the cost of cultivation decreased, followed by increased farmers confidence level, improved fertility status of the soil and improved biodiversity in the farm fields