8,999 research outputs found
Molecular Dynamics in grafted layers of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy 10^-1 Hz to 10^6 Hz) is employed to study
the molecular dynamics of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS, Mw=1.7 10^5 g/mol and
Mw=9.6 10^4 g/mol as grafted films with thicknesses d below and above the
radius of gyration Rg. For d smaller than Rg the molecular dynamics becomes
faster by up to three orders of magnitude with respect to the bulk resulting in
a pronounced decrease of the Vogel temperature T0 and hence the calorimetric
glass transition temperature Tg. For d larger than Rg the molecular dynamics is
comparable to that of the bulk melt. The results are interpreted in terms of a
chain confinement effect and compared with the findings for low molecular eight
glass forming liquids contained in nanoporous glasses and zeolites.
Crystallization effects - well known for PDMS - are observed for films of
thicknesses above and below Rg.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
Adaptive Resolution Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Changing the Degrees of Freedom on the Fly
We present a new adaptive resolution technique for efficient particle-based
multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The presented approach is
tailor-made for molecular systems where atomistic resolution is required only
in spatially localized domains whereas a lower mesoscopic level of detail is
sufficient for the rest of the system. Our method allows an on-the-fly
interchange between a given molecule's atomic and coarse-grained level of
description, enabling us to reach large length and time scales while spatially
retaining atomistic details of the system. The new approach is tested on a
model system of a liquid of tetrahedral molecules. The simulation box is
divided into two regions: one containing only atomistically resolved
tetrahedral molecules, the other containing only one particle coarse-grained
spherical molecules. The molecules can freely move between the two regions
while changing their level of resolution accordingly. The coarse-grained and
the atomistically resolved systems have the same statistical properties at the
same physical conditions.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, 5 table
Accelerated expansion in bosonic and fermionic 2D cosmologies with quantum effects
In this work we analyze the effects produced by bosonic and fermionic
constituents, including quantum corrections, in two-dimensional (2D)
cosmological models. We focus on a gravitational theory related to the
Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger model, to simulate the dynamics of a young,
spatially-lineal, universe. The cosmic substratum is formed by an {\it
inflaton} field plus a matter component, sources of the 2D gravitational field;
the degrees of freedom also include the presence of a dilaton field. We show
that this combination permits, among other scenarios, the simulation of a
period of inflation, that would be followed by a (bosonic/fermionic) matter
dominated era. We also analyse how quantum effects contribute to the destiny of
the expansion, given the fact that in 2D we have a consistent (renormalizable)
quantum theory of gravity. The dynamical behavior of the system follows from
the solution of the gravitational field equations, the (Klein-Gordon and Dirac)
equations for the sources and the dilaton field equation. Consistent
(accelerated) regimes are present among the solutions of the 2D equations; the
results depend strongly on the initial conditions used for the dilaton field.
In the particular case where fermions are included as matter fields a
transition to a decelerated expansion is possible, something that does not
happen in the exclusively bosonic case.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, to appear in EP
Decidability of quantified propositional intuitionistic logic and S4 on trees
Quantified propositional intuitionistic logic is obtained from propositional
intuitionistic logic by adding quantifiers \forall p, \exists p over
propositions. In the context of Kripke semantics, a proposition is a subset of
the worlds in a model structure which is upward closed. Kremer (1997) has shown
that the quantified propositional intuitionistic logic H\pi+ based on the class
of all partial orders is recursively isomorphic to full second-order logic. He
raised the question of whether the logic resulting from restriction to trees is
axiomatizable. It is shown that it is, in fact, decidable. The methods used can
also be used to establish the decidability of modal S4 with propositional
quantification on similar types of Kripke structures.Comment: v2, 9 pages, corrections and additions; v1 8 page
Normal origamis of Mumford curves
An origami (also known as square-tiled surface) is a Riemann surface covering
a torus with at most one branch point. Lifting two generators of the
fundamental group of the punctured torus decomposes the surface into finitely
many unit squares. By varying the complex structure of the torus one obtains
easily accessible examples of Teichm\"uller curves in the moduli space of
Riemann surfaces. The p-adic analogues of Riemann surfaces are Mumford curves.
A p-adic origami is defined as a covering of Mumford curves with at most one
branch point, where the bottom curve has genus one. A classification of all
normal non-trivial p-adic origamis is presented and used to calculate some
invariants. These can be used to describe p-adic origamis in terms of glueing
squares.Comment: 21 pages, to appear in manuscripta mathematica (Springer
On big rip singularities
In this comment we discuss big rip singularities occurring in typical phantom
models by violation of the weak energy condition. After that, we compare them
with future late-time singularities arising in models where the scale factor
ends in a constant value and there is no violation of the strong energy
condition. In phantom models the equation of state is well defined along the
whole evolution, even at the big rip. However, both the pressure and the energy
density of the phantom field diverge. In contrast, in the second kind of model
the equation of state is not defined at the big rip because the pressure bursts
at a finite value of the energy density.Comment: 8 page
Surface micro-discharges on spacecraft dielectrics
Extensive measurements on Teflon and Kapton in a scanning electron microscope indicate the existence of a well-defined family of surface micro-discharges characteristic of the dielectric material. For a given small region exposed to the 16-20 kV electron beam, the strongest discharge pulses are similar in shape and amplitude. For Teflon, typical pulse durations are 2-3 ns, rise and fall times are sometimes as low as 0.2 ns, current amplitudes are approximately 100 mA flowing down to the pedestal and the pulses are unidirectional with no ringing. The use of a rapid-scan electron microscope with a secondary-electron imaging system reveals complex charge distributions resembling Lichtenberg figures on a supposedly flat homogeneous dielectric surface. These patterns undergo extensive alteration at each micro-discharge pulse and indicate that both the charging and discharging processes are highly nonuniform over the dielectric surface. The use of floodbeam causes the occurrence of a large-scale macro-discharges, in which a typical peak current is 40 A with a duration of 120 ns
Inflationary and dark energy regimes in 2+1 dimensions
In this work we investigate the behavior of three-dimensional (3D)
cosmological models. The simulation of inflationary and dark-energy-dominated
eras are among the possible results in these 3D formulations; taking as
starting point the results obtained by Cornish and Frankel.
Motivated by those results, we investigate, first, the inflationary case
where we consider a two-constituent cosmological fluid: the scalar field
represents the hypothetical inflaton which is in gravitational interaction with
a matter/radiation contribution. For the description of an old universe, it is
possible to simulate its evolution starting with a matter dominated universe
that faces a decelerated/accelerated transition due to the presence of the
additional constituent (simulated by the scalar field or ruled by an exotic
equation of state) that plays the role of dark energy. We obtain, through
numerical analysis, the evolution in time of the scale factor, the
acceleration, the energy densities, and the hydrostatic pressure of the
constituents. The alternative scalar cosmology proposed by Cornish and Frankel
is also under investigation in this work. In this case an inflationary model
can be constructed when another non-polytropic equation of state (the van der
Waals equation) is used to simulate the behavior of an early 3D universe.Comment: Latex file, plus 9 figures. To appear in General Relativity and
Gravitatio
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