РЕФЕРЕНТНЫЕ АНАТОМИЧЕСКИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ МЕЖМЫЩЕЛКОВОЙ ЯМКИ БЕДРЕННОЙ КОСТИ ПРИ ПЛАСТИКЕ ПЕРЕДНЕЙ КРЕСТООБРАЗНОЙ СВЯЗКИ

Purpose: rationale for using bony landmarks of the femoral intercondylar space for an accurate determination of ACL attachment during arthroscopic reconstruction. Material and methods: anatomic research of 57 femur bones in which were studied anterior cruciate ligament femoral footprint, lateral intercondylar ridge and lateral bifurcate ridge. Results: research has shown, that lateral intercondylar ridge was present at 52 supervision (91 %), and its average length was 15.4 ± 0.46 mm; lateral bifurcate ridge was determined in 28 (49 %), which average length was 3.95 ± 0.26 mm. Conclusions: these bone formation can be considered as the reference structure for the identification of the anterior cruciate ligament femoral insertion.Цель исследования: обоснование использования анатомических образований наружного мыщелка бедренной кости в качестве возможных ориентиров для точного интраоперационного определения области прикрепления ПКС. Материал и методы: исследовано 57 мацерированных бедренных костей, на которых анатомическим методом изучены особенности области прикрепления передней крестообразной связки, латеральный межмыщелковый край и латеральный бифуркационный край. Результаты: латеральный межмыщелковый край протяженностью 15.4 ± 0.46 мм обнаружен на 52 препаратах (91%), латеральный бифуркационный край длиной 3.95 ± 0.26 мм отмечен на 28 костях (49%). Выводы: данные костные образования могут рассматриваться как референтные структуры для идентификации места прикрепления ПКС к бедренной кости

CORRELATION OF THE SKULL PARAMETERS WITH THE WIDTH OF THE DENTAL ARCHES

The study of regularities and variant anatomy in the structure of organs and parts of the human body is one of the fundamental problems of morphology having an applied orientation. The main method of studying a person's aesthetics is a morphometric examination of the head. It includes the study of its size, size and shape of the face and its individual parts, as well as the relationship between the size and shape of the skull and dental arches. The main linear parameters of the skull and their interrelations with the parameters of the width of the dental arches of the upper jaw are studied on the skull of male of mature age with physiological occlusion of teeth. The study was carried out taking into account the type of skull. It was revealed that the index of the width of the dental arch from the vestibular side is lesser then the index of the upper face and the intergnatic part in the frontal part, and in the distal part - to the contrary. Indicators of the width of the dental arch from the palatal side were less in their values to the parameters of the skull at all levels of measurement in all craniotypes. Obtained data on the width of the dental arch of the upper jaw, linear parameters of the skull and their interrelations expand and deepen the information available in the literature on the dimensional characteristics of the craniofacial complex

The structure and characteristics of photochromic dithienylethenes

Abstract. The data on X-ray diffraction analysis for dihetarylethenes with perfluorocyclopentene (F), maleic anhydride (M) and cyclobutenedione (S) bridges between thienyl fragments were summarized and their photochromic properties were discussed. It was established that benzoxazole and benzothiazole substituents in position 5 of thienyl rings are coplanar to the plane of thiophene cycles. Thienyl fragments in A form of all dithienylethenes are considerably turned relative to the plane of bridging cycle. It means that there is no conjugation between π -electrons of aromatic heterocycles and double bond of the bridge. Flattening of molecule framework and the envelope conformation of thienyl cycles because of aromaticity loss are characteristic features of the form B structure with F-bridge. In all cases (excluding the compounds with alkylthio substituents in position 2 of thiophene cycle) the photochromic transition A −→ B is observed independently of different nature and structure of functional groups

Photochromic properties of composite films of thermally irreversible diarylethenes and fulgimides in polytetrafluoroethylene matrix

Photochromic polymeric thin films have been prepared by vacuum codeposition of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and thermally irreversible photochromic compounds: the cyclopentene derivative of diarylethene and fulgimide. Their photochromic properties were studied using the spectral-kinetic method as compared with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) films filled with the same photochromic compounds prepared using the spin coating method. The films prepared using codeposition in vacuum are characterized by photochromic properties acceptable for recording media for 3D optical memor

Modern views of facial asymmetry

The peculiarities of functional asymmetry of the face 46 men aged 20-22 years. Set neravnoznachnost the left and right parts of the face, one of which is taller and wider and the other narrower and lower. Mimic asymmetry is caused by differences of innervation and it appears through particularities of mimics, while functional asymmetry depends on the asymmetry of the brain and is characterized by a more active expressiveness of facial muscles.Изучены особенности функциональной асимметрии лица 46 мужчин в возрасте 20-22 лет. Установлены неравнозначность правой и левой частей лица, одна из которых шире и выше, другая - уже и ниже. Мимическая асимметрия связана с различием иннервации и проявляется особенностями мимики, в то время как функциональная асимметрия зависит от асимметрии мозга и характеризуется более активной выразительностью мимической мускулатуры

Heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes based on 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine and bisthienylethene: structures, luminescence and photochromic properties

Two bisthienylethenes 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis[2,5-dimethyl(3-thienyl)]-1H-imidazole (L1H) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-bis(2,5-dimethyl(3-thienyl))-1-phenyl-imidazole (L2H), which have a chelating N,O-donor binding site attached to the photochromic core, have been synthesized using a one-pot condensation reaction, and used to prepare the heteroleptic complexes [Ir(dfppy)2(L1)]·2CH3OH (1) and [Ir(dfppy)2(L2)] (2) [dfppyH = 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-pyridine]. In the crystal structures of all four compounds, two thiophene groups of each bisthienylethene molecule adopt parallel conformation. Neighboring molecules in L1H and 1 are linked into supramolecular chains through hydrogen bonds. Particularly, the packing structure of 1 contains right- and left-handed 21 helical chains. In contrast, neighboring molecules in L2H and 2 interact only through van der Waals interactions. At room temperature, L1H and L2H in CH2Cl2 show fluorescence emission at 442 nm and 469 nm, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 in CH2Cl2 reveal broad emission band characteristics of the Ir(III)/dfppy− chromophores at 508 nm and 494 nm, respectively, with a mixing of 3MLCT and 3LC characters. At room temperature, the photochromism ability of L2H in CH2Cl2 is clearly weaker than that of L1H. Moreover, no photochromism has been observed in 1 and 2. It has been demonstrated that both the substituent group and {Ir(dfppy)2}+ coordination could significantly influence the crystal structures, luminescence and photochromic properties of L1H, L2H, 1 and 2

Thermally irreversible photochromic dithienylethenes

Abstract. A lot of previously unknown derivatives of dithienylperfluorocyclopentene (DTPFCP) were synthesized. It was shown that 2, 2 -dialkylsubstituted DTPFCP'S are phtochromes. The quantum yields of forward and backward photochemical reactions and spectral parameters of open and cyclic forms of the photochromes synthesized were measured. An attempt to obtain fluorescing phtochromes by means of introduction of benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl moieties in 5 and 5 positions of DTPFCP failed; these compounds were synthesized but they do not fluoresce