Suppes predicate for classes of structures and the notion of transportability

Patrick Suppes’ maxim “to axiomatize a theory is to define a set- theoretical predicate” is usually taking as entailing that the formula that defines the predicate needs to be transportable in the sense of Bourbaki. We argue that this holds for theories, where we need to cope with all structures (the models) satisfying the predicate. For in- stance, in axiomatizing the theory of groups, we need to grasp all groups. But we may be interested in catching not all structures of a species, but just some of them. In this case, the formula that defines the predicate doesn’t need to be transportable. The study of this ques- tion has lead us to a careful consideration of Bourbaki’s definition of transportability, usually not found in the literature. In this paper we discuss this topic with examples, recall the notion of transportable formulas and show that we can have significant set-theoretical pred- icates for classes of structures defined by non transportable formulas as well

Coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2) in obesity and diabetes comorbidities : is heat shock response determinant for the disease complications?

Chronic infammation is involved in the pathogenesis of several metabolic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With the recent worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2), it has been observed that individuals with these metabolic diseases are more likely to develop complications, increasing the severity of the disease and a poorer outcome. Coronavirus infection leads to the activation of adaptive and innate immune responses, resulting in massive infammation (to so called cytokine storm), which in turn can lead to damage to various tissues, septic shock and multiple organ failure. Recent evidence suggests that the common link between metabolic diseases and SARS-CoV-2 is the infammatory response (chronic/low-grade for metabolic diseases and acute/intense in coronavirus infection). However, the ability of the infected individuals to resolve the infammation has not yet been explored. The heat shock response (HSR), an important anti-infammatory pathway, is reduced in patients with metabolic diseases and, consequently, may impair infammation resolution and control in patients with SARS-CoV-2, thus enabling its amplifcation and propagation through all tissues. Herein, we present a new hypothesis that aims to explain the increased severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with metabolic diseases, and the possible benefts of HSR-inducing therapies to improve the infammatory profle in these patients

Labels for non-individuals

Quasi-set theory is a first order theory without identity, which allows us to cope with non-individuals in a sense. A weaker equivalence relation called ``indistinguishability'' is an extension of identity in the sense that if $x$ is identical to $y$ then $x$ and $y$ are indistinguishable, although the reciprocal is not always valid. The interesting point is that quasi-set theory provides us a useful mathematical background for dealing with collections of indistinguishable elementary quantum particles. In the present paper, however, we show that even in quasi-set theory it is possible to label objects that are considered as non-individuals. We intend to prove that individuality has nothing to do with any labelling process at all, as suggested by some authors. We discuss the physical interpretation of our results.Comment: 11 pages, no figure

Ontology and the mathematization of the scientific enterprise

In this basically expository paper we discuss the role of logic and mathematics in researches concerning the ontology of scientific theories, and we consider the particular case of quantum mechanics. We argue that systems of logic in general, and classical logic in particular, may contribute substantially with the ontology of any theory that has this logic in its base. In the case of quantum mechanics, however, from the point of view of philosophical discussions concerning identity and individuality, those contributions may not be welcome for a specific interpretation, and an alternative system of logic perhaps could be used instead of a classical system. In this sense, we argue that the logic and ontology of a scientific theory may be seen as mutually influencing each other. On the one hand, logic contributes to shape the general features of the ontology of a theory; on the other hand, the theory also puts constraints on the possible understanding of ontology and, respectively, on possible systems of logic that may be the underlying logic of the theory

Ontology and the mathematization of the scientific enterprise

In this basically expository paper we discuss the role of logic and mathematics in researches concerning the ontology of scientific theories, and we consider the particular case of quantum mechanics. We argue that systems of logic in general, and classical logic in particular, may contribute substantially with the ontology of any theory that has this logic in its base. In the case of quantum mechanics, however, from the point of view of philosophical discussions concerning identity and individuality, those contributions may not be welcome for a specific interpretation, and an alternative system of logic perhaps could be used instead of a classical system. In this sense, we argue that the logic and ontology of a scientific theory may be seen as mutually influencing each other. On the one hand, logic contributes to shape the general features of the ontology of a theory; on the other hand, the theory also puts constraints on the possible understanding of ontology and, respectively, on possible systems of logic that may be the underlying logic of the theory

Identifying spatial and temporal dynamics of proglacial groundwater-surface-water exchange using combined temperature-tracing methods

The effect of proglacial groundwater systems on surface hydrology and ecology in cold regions often is neglected when assessing the ecohydrological implications of climate change. We present a novel approach in which we combined 2 temperature-tracing techniques to assess the spatial patterns and short-term temporal dynamics of groundwater–surface-water exchange in the proglacial zone of Skaftafellsjökull, a retreating glacier in southeastern Iceland. Our study focuses on localized groundwater discharge to a surface-water environment, where high temporal- and spatial-resolution mapping of sediment surface and subsurface temperatures (10–15 cm depth) were obtained by Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS). The FO-DTS survey identified temporally consistent locations of temperature anomalies at the sediment–water interface, indicating distinct zones of cooler groundwater upwelling. The high-resolution FO-DTS surveys were combined with calculations of 1-dimensional groundwater seepage fluxes based on 3 vertical sediment temperature profiles, covering depths of 10, 25, and 40 cm below the lake bed. The calculated groundwater seepage rates ranged between 1.02 to 6.10 m/d. We used the combined techniques successfully to identify substantial temporal and spatial heterogeneities in groundwater–surface exchange fluxes that have relevance for the ecohydrological functioning of the investigated system and its potential resilience to environmental change

Longitudinal Analysis Of Patents On Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is epidemiologically relevant worldwide because it is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer. This study aims to present the mapping of technologies related to colorectal cancer. The search took place during the months of May and June 2019. The Leans database was used, which collects global patent information. The search occurred through the term "colorectal cancer", inserted in the title or abstract fields. Patents with publication date between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2019 were selected. Only the patents granted and those filed were filtered (patent application; granted patent). A total of 6,850 patents were identified, of which 5,445 (79.48%) correspond to patents filed and 1,405 (20.51%) are patents granted in the period from 2000 to 2019. In 2000, 47 patents on colorectal cancer were published. The quantitative growth of technologies filed and granted was constant. In 2017 there was a total of 911 applications, indicating a growth of 1938.29% in relation to the year 2000. The first patent of the period was on the APC gene mutation, associated with colorectal cancer in families of Ashkenazi Jews, developed by Laken and collaborators (2000), and belongs to Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, in the United States. It can be concluded that the mapping of patents is important to trace a panorama of the world technological advance, as well as it can also be used as an instrument to identify scientific articles that cite patents developed in a given time space

Juntos: grupo de apoio em educação para a diversidade

Anais do 35º Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul - Direitos Humanos e JustiçaO Grupo Juntos objetiva estudar, acompanhar e dar suporte às demandas de ensino, pesquisa e extensão no que se refere à diversidade. A diversidade está relacionada a questões de etnicidadade, equidade de gênero, livre expressão de identidades sociais, diversidade sexual e religiosa. Juntos busca afirmar-se como uma política de acesso e permanência dentro de um projeto educacional inclusivo, entendendo que, para tanto, a boa convivência é fundamental. A ação se organiza em 3 frentes: a) Políticas de Acesso, b) Políticas de Permanência, c) Direitos Humanos e Diversidad

A dança como estratégia de promoção da saúde cardiometabólica e independência funcional no envelhecimento

INTRODUÇÃO: O envelhecimento biológico é caracterizado, dentre outros fatores, por uma diminuição de massa muscular concomitante a um aumento de tecido adiposo visceral, elevando o risco do desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e dependência física. A dança tem sido sugerida como uma intervenção de exercício potencial para melhorias cardiometabólicas e funcionais com o envelhecimento. Além disso, é uma atividade amplamente praticada pelos idosos como lazer, sendo uma intervenção de baixo custo e grande aderência por essa população. Entretanto, conclusões acerca dos efeitos da dança como forma de exercício para saúde ainda são limitadas, principalmente devido à falta de comparação com outros tipos de exercício físico, bem como ao número limitado de ensaios clínicos randomizados controlados analisando marcadores de risco cardiovascular (RCV). OBJETIVO GERAL: Verificar os efeitos de uma intervenção de dança, comparada a um exercício aeróbio tradicional (caminhada) e a um grupo controle (alongamento), sobre marcadores RCV e capacidade funcional de mulheres idosas, em um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado (ECRc). Adicionalmente, verificar as respostas cardiorrespiratórias agudas de uma aula de dança para idosas, em um estudo de respostas agudas (antes e depois). MÉTODOS: Trinta mulheres sedentárias (655 anos, índice de massa corporal (IMC) 274) foram randomizadas em três grupos de intervenção (n=10/grupo): dança, caminhada e alongamento (controle ativo) com duração de oito semanas (grupos dança ou caminhada 3x/sem, 60 min; grupo alongamento 1x/sem, 60 min). Intervenções: Dança: elementos técnicos (ballet, jazz, etc), estilos variados (danças latinas, dança aeróbica, etc), sem par. Caminhada: esteira, intensidade 60% VO2pico. Alongamento: grandes grupos musculares, sem desconforto. Intervenções incluíam aquecimento, parte principal (35-40 min), e volta à calma. Foram avaliados no período pré e pós intervenção: consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico, desfecho primário); insulina, CRP, TNF-α, circunferências da cintura e quadril, tecido adiposo visceral, colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, glicose, espessura muscular do quadríceps, força máxima e potência muscular, equilíbrio estático e dinâmico, marcha, flexibilidade, habilidade de sentar e levantar, e nível de atividade física. Os resultados estão descritos em média e IC (95%). As comparações intra e entre grupos foram realizadas pelo método de Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas, post hoc LSD (p<0,05), utilizando o software SPSS 22.0 Tamanho de efeito (TE) da intervenção de dança vs. alongamento (D vs. A) e caminhada vs. alongamento (C vs. A) também foram calculados. RESULTADOS: ECRc (pré vs. pós): Efeito de interação grupo vs. tempo mostrou aumentos no VO2pico (mL.kg-1.min-1) após a intervenção de dança 23,3 (20,8-25,8) vs 25,6 (23,4-27,8), e caminhada 23,4 (21,3-25,5) vs 27,0 (25,4-28,6), sem diferenças no grupo alongamento 23,5 (21,3-25,7) vs 23,0 (21-24,9). Não houve diferença entre os grupos dança e caminhada. O grupo caminhada foi superior ao grupo alongamento no momento pós-intervenção. TE: D vs. A = 0,72, C vs. A = 1,28. Altura do salto vertical (cm) também melhorou para os grupos dança 11,2 (9,3-13,1) vs 12,2 (10,3-14), e caminhada 10,3 (9-11,6) vs 11,3 (9,7-13), sem diferença para o grupo alongamento 9,8 (8,6 to 11,3) vs 9,3 (7,8 to 10,7). Não houve diferença entre os grupos dança e caminhada. O grupo dança foi superior ao grupo alongamento no momento pós-intervenção. TE: D vs. A = 1,00, C vs. A = 0,74. Equilíbrio estático (s) também melhorou para os grupos dança 5,44 (2,34-8,55) vs 11,07 (6,53-15,62) e caminhada 5,67 (2,91-8,42) vs 14,46 (9,09-19,84), sem diferença para o grupo alongamento 4,05 (2,28-5,82) vs 4,04 (3,12-4,97). Não houve diferença entre os grupos dança e caminhada. Ambos os grupos dança e caminhada foram superiores ao grupo alongamento no momento pós-intervenção. TE: D vs. A = 1,22, C vs. A = 1,55. Habilidade de marcha e equilíbrio dinâmico melhoraram apenas para o grupo caminhada. Efeito tempo (efeitos agrupados) mostrou melhoras em relação aos marcadores inflamatórios CRP (mg/L)1,65 (1,56-1,73) vs 1,55 (1,44-1,65) e TNFα (pg/mL) 6,69 (6,36-7,02) vs 6,04 (5,82-6,25), LDL-C (mg/dL) 139,1 (126,6-151,7) vs 130,7 (117,1-144,4), HDL-C (mg/dL) 43,3 (38,9-47,7) vs 47,4 (42,6-52,3), gordura visceral (mm) 48,1 (40,1-56,0) vs 42,9 (35,9-50,0), habilidade de sentar e levantar (s) 10,23 (9,71-10,75) vs 8,32 (7,88-8,76), flexibilidade (cm) -0,60 (-2,44-1,24) vs 1,71 (-0,51-3,92), e nível de atividade física (tempo de caminhada em min.semana) 85 (39-131) vs 233 (154-313). Não foram encontradas diferenças para perfil glicêmico, triglicerídeos, colesterol total, força e espessura muscular do quadríceps. Estudo de respostas agudas (n=10 participantes do grupo dança, resultados em média ± desvio padrão): Teste de esforço máximo: VO2 (mL.kg-1. min-1): VO2pico (23,3 ± 4,3), primeiro limiar ventilatório (LV1) (17,2 ± 3,5) e segundo limiar ventilatório (20,9 ± 3,4). Aula de dança; VO2 (mL.kg-1. min-1, %VO2pico ): aquecimento (12,8 ± 2,4, 55%), deslocamento (14,2 ± 2,4, 62%), coreografia (14,6 ± 3,2, 63%) e show (16,1 ± 3,3, 69%). A parte do show (coreografia aprendida) foi igual ao LV1 das participantes. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do ECRc mostraram que a intervenção de dança foi capaz de induzir ganhos cardiorrespiratórios, potência de membros inferiores e equilíbrio estático iguais à caminhada, enquanto o grupo alongamento não apresentou mudanças. Ganhos adicionais em marcha e equilíbrio dinâmico foram verificados após a intervenção de caminhada. O engajamento em quaisquer das intervenções (alongamento, dança ou caminhada) foi capaz de atenuar marcadores inflamatórios e perfil lipídico, bem como induzir mudanças positivas na composição corporal. Os resultados do estudo de respostas cardiorrespiratórias agudas mostraram que a aula de dança elaborada para idosas foi de baixa intensidade aeróbia (LV1).INTRODUCTION: Biological aging is characterized, among many factors, by reductions in lean mass simultaneously to increases in visceral adipose tissue. This is connected to the development of cardiovascular diseases and physical dependence. Dancing has been suggested as a potential exercise intervention for cardiometabolic and functional improvements with aging. Moreover, it is a low-cost leisure activity, widely practiced among the older, with great adherence rates. However, conclusions on the effects of dancing as a type of exercise for improving health are still limited, mainly due to the lack of comparisons with other types of exercise. There is also a limited number of randomized controlled trials analyzing cardiovascular risk (CVR) markers as result of dance practice by the elderly. AIMS: Verifying the effects of a dance intervention, compared to a traditional aerobic exercise (walking), and to a control group (stretching), on CVR markers and functional capacity of older women, in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Additionally, verifying the acute cardiorespiratory responses of a dance session for older women, in a study of acute cardiorespiratory responses (before and after). METHODS: Thirty sedentary women (65±5 yrs, BMI 27±4 kg/m2) were randomized into three groups (n=10/group): dancing, walking or stretching (active control). All interventions lasted 8 weeks (60 min sessions): dancing/walking 3x/wk, stretching 1x/wk. Dancing: technical elements (ballet, jazz, etc), several styles (latin dances, aerobics, etc), no partner. Walking: treadmill, 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Stretching: large muscle groups, no discomfort. Interventions included a warm-up, main part (35-40 min) and cool-down. Before and after interventions assessments: VO2peak (primary outcome), insulin, CRP, TNF-α, waist and hip circumferences, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, glucose, quadriceps thickness, maximal muscle strength/power, static and dynamic balance, gait ability, flexibility, chair-raise and level of physical activity. Results are described as mean and CI (95%). Statistics: Generalized estimating equations, post-hoc LSD (p<0.05), SPSS 22.0. Effect sizes (ES) of dancing vs. stretching (D vs. S) and walking vs. stretching (W vs. S) were also calculated. RESULTS (mean-CI): RCT (before vs after): Group vs time interaction showed increases in VO2peak (mL.kg-1.min-1) for dancing 23.3 (20.8-25.8) vs. 25.6 (23.4-27.8), and walking 23.4 (21.3-25.5) vs 27.0 (25.4-28.6), with no differences for stretching 23.5 (21.3-25.7) vs 23.0 (21.0-24.9). There was no difference in between dancing and walking groups. Walking was superior to stretching after the interventions. ES: D vs. S = 0.72, W vs. S = 1.28. Lower body muscle power also improved for dancing 11.2 (9.3-13.1) vs 12.2 (10.3-14), and walking 10.3 (9-11.6) vs 11.3 (9.7-13), but not for stretching 9.8 (8.6 to 11.3) vs 9.3 (7.8 to 10.7). There was no difference in between dancing and walking groups. Dancing was superior to stretching after the interventions. ES: D vs. W = 1.00, W vs. S = 0.74. Static balance (s) also improved for dancing 5.44 (2.34-8.55) vs 11.07 (6.53-15.62) and walking groups 5.67 (2.91-8.42) vs 14.46 (9.09-19.84), with no differences for the stretching group 4.05 (2.28-5.82) vs 4.04 (3.12-4.97). There was no difference in between dancing and walking. Both dancing and walking were superior to stretching after the interventions. ES: D vs. S = 1.22, W vs. S = 1.55. Gait ability and dynamic balance improved only for the walking group. Main time effect (polled effects) showed improvements in CRP (mg/L)1.65 (1.56-1.73) vs 1.55 (1.44-1.65) and TNFα (pg/mL) 6.69 (6.36-7.02) vs 6.04 (5.82-6.25), LDL-C (mg/dL) 139.1 (126.6-151.7) vs 130.7 (117.1-144.4), HDL-C (mg/dL) 43.3 (38.9-47.7) vs 47.4 (42.6-52.3), visceral fat (mm) 48.1 (40.1-56.0) vs 42.9 (35.9-50.0), chair raise (s) 10.23 (9.71-10.75) vs 8.32 (7.88-8.76), flexibility (cm) -0.60 (-2.44-1.24) vs 1.71 (-0.51-3.92), and level of physical activity (walking time in min.week) 85 (39-131) vs 233 (154-313). No differences were found for glycaemic profile, triglycerides, total cholesterol, quadriceps thickness and muscular strength. Acute responses study: (n=10 participants from the dancing group, results in mean ± standard deviation): Maximum effort test: VO2 (mL.kg-1 .min-1): VO2peak (23.3 ± 4.3). first ventilatory threshold (VT1) (17.2 ± 3.5) and second ventilatory threshold (20.9 ± 3.4). Dance class: VO2 (mL.kg-1 .min-1. %VO2peak): warm-up (12.8 ± 2.4, 55%), across-the-floor (14.2 ± 2.4, 62%), choreography (14.6 ± 3.2, 63%) and show (16.1 ± 3.3, 69%). The show part (choreography learned) was equal to participants’ VT1. CONCLUSIONS: Results from the RCT showed that dancing induced similar increases in VO2peak, lower body muscle power and static balance as walking, while the stretching group remained unchanged. Additional gains for gait ability and dynamic balance were observed for the walking group. The engagement in any of the interventions (stretching, dancing or walking) attenuated inflammatory markers and lipid profile, as well as induced positive changes in body composition. Results from the acute cardiorespiratory responses study showed that the dance class designed for older women was at low aerobic intensity (VT1)