Didattica della traduzione e interculturalità. Esperienze e modello didattico nella traduzione fra l’italiano e il tedesco

The present article tries to demonstrate the interdependence between cultural facts and translation, referring more specifically to the translation between the Italian and the German language. The scientific interest was until now mainly focussed on general theories about the interdependence between culture and translation without giving concrete examples nor taking into account specific languages. Therefore it seemed useful to study the specific combination between German and Italian for translation. One of the main purposes of this article consists in giving a practical help to translation teachers and students in order to bridge the gap between translation theory and practical work. It tries to give a schematic description of some cultural facts and figures in Italy comparing them to cultural aspects in German speaking countries. All those factors are subsumed to cultural elements that could give a first clue for a cultural based translation between the two above mentioned languages

A Simple Protocol for Certifying Graph States and Applications in Quantum Networks

We present a simple protocol for certifying graph states in quantum networks using stabiliser measurements. The certification statements can easily be applied to different protocols using graph states. We see, for example, how it can be used for measurement based verified quantum computation, certified sampling of random unitaries, quantum metrology and sharing quantum secrets over untrusted channels

Foraging behaviour of small mammals for sessile prey

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Soziale Einstellungen in der Organisationsgesellschaft : betriebliche Strukturen und die gerechte Verteilungsordnung der Gesellschaft (Social attitudes in the organisational society : Company structures and the just distributive order of society)

"This paper examines the significance of income and career chances in the firm for attitudes regarding social justice. On the basis of organisational theory arguments from the more recent sociological class theories and the findings from labour-market and organisational research, the autonomous role of employment organisations for the allocation of position in the social structure of a society is first shown. This is justified by the fact that income and career chances in the firm are to be understood as collective goods, with the consequence that mere membership of a firm opens up or closes income and career chances. Based on the assumption that attitude formation is based on the 'logic of the situation' and is imparted via learning-theory mechanisms, the paper then builds on this to discuss the significance of work organisations for the formation of general social attitudes. The assumption involves the structural characteristics of an organisation being important not only for work-related and organisation-related attitudes but also for political and social attitudes. For a first empirical examination the cross-sectional study of the National Organization Study (NOS) is used, for which data was collected in the USA in 1991 and which is linked with data from the ISSP from 1992. On the basis of structural equation models, the relationship between the company distribution structure and attitudes of social justice is examined. The observed effects largely confirm the hypotheses derived from theory. Thus employees with low income and mobility chances in the firm and whose firms recruit their staff internally are more in favour of state regulation of social inequalities. In contrast, managers and employees in profit-orientated firms who also have good career chances in the firm are in favour of an order of social distribution that stands out due to high social inequalities. The results indicate that the career and income chances which are imparted via work organisations can be decisive for the formation of employees' general, social attitudes. However, longitudinal studies are needed in order to obtain more precise information about the causal direction of this relationship." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))soziale Einstellungen - Determinanten, Arbeitsmarktchancen, beruflicher Aufstieg, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Verteilungsgerechtigkeit, betrieblicher Status, Statusmobilität, Einkommenshöhe, soziale Mobilität, Berufsaussichten, innerbetriebliche Hierarchie, innerbetriebliche Mobilität, gesellschaftliche Einstellungen, soziale Ungleichheit, sozialer Status, Sozialstruktur, soziale Wahrnehmung, Verteilungspolitik, soziale Klasse, USA

A Compositional Semantics for Stochastic Reo Connectors

In this paper we present a compositional semantics for the channel-based coordination language Reo which enables the analysis of quality of service (QoS) properties of service compositions. For this purpose, we annotate Reo channels with stochastic delay rates and explicitly model data-arrival rates at the boundary of a connector, to capture its interaction with the services that comprise its environment. We propose Stochastic Reo automata as an extension of Reo automata, in order to compositionally derive a QoS-aware semantics for Reo. We further present a translation of Stochastic Reo automata to Continuous-Time Markov Chains (CTMCs). This translation enables us to use third-party CTMC verification tools to do an end-to-end performance analysis of service compositions.Comment: In Proceedings FOCLASA 2010, arXiv:1007.499

Analog Computing for Molecular Dynamics

Modern analog computers are ideally suited to solving large systems of ordinary differential equations at high speed with low energy consumtion and limited accuracy. In this article, we survey N-body physics, applied to a simple water model inspired by force fields which are popular in molecular dynamics. We demonstrate a setup which simulate a single water molecule in time. To the best of our knowledge such a simulation has never been done on analog computers before. Important implementation aspects of the model, such as scaling, data range and circuit design, are highlighted. We also analyze the performance and compare the solution with a numerical approach.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Emerging Topics in Computing, IEEE Tran

Understanding antimicrobial and antiseptic resistance relationships in Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that causes skin infections, bacteraemia, and endocarditis in humans. In New Zealand, the common lineage of S. aureus is the ST1 lineage which harbours a fusidic acid resistance gene (fusC) on its chromosome and can carry the multi-drug resistance plasmid pNZAK1. pNZAK1 confers resistance to mupirocin (mupA), ampicillin (blaZ), and chlorhexidine (qacA). Chlorhexidine is a rapid and effective antiseptic widely used in healthcare to disinfect equipment and patients to prevent bacterial growth. The pNZAK1 plasmid encodes qacA, which produces a multi-drug efflux pump that can confer tolerance to chlorhexidine. The aim of this study was to investigate the maintenance of pNZAK1 in S. aureus 14487 using a continuous culture system to impose energy limiting conditions and examine the variation in antimicrobial sensitivity and viability. The second objective was to investigate the role of qacA using a ∆qacA mutant in antimicrobial sensitivity assays against an isogenic qacA+ wild-type, specifically looking at tolerance to biocides like chlorhexidine or benzalkonium chloride. Our results indicated that low levels of chlorhexidine can increase gene expression of qacA, mupA, and norA. Additionally, qacA can increase survival of bacteria under antimicrobial pressure from biocide mixtures like Trigene. These data also showed that pNZAK1 was highly stable (>94%) in S. aureus 14487 and was maintained even without selection pressure under generalised nutrient limitation. Bacteria that lost pNZAK1 (5-6%) were isolated and showed an increased antimicrobial sensitivity. To investigate key mechanisms of plasmid maintenance we focused on the bacteriocin lactococcin 972, and the toxin/antitoxin system pepA1. By creating single gene knockouts we observed no change in pNZAK1 plasmid maintenance. These results suggest that pNZAK1 is a highly stable multi-drug resistant plasmid and that plasmid-encoded genes such as qacA can be induced by sub-MIC levels of commonly used antiseptics such as chlorhexidine and can be beneficial to survival