Linking multisectoral economic models and consumption surveys for the European Union

Multisectoral models usually have a single representative household. However, more diversity of household types is needed to analyse the effects of multiple phenomena (i.e. ageing, gender inequality, distributional income impact, etc.). Household consumption surveys’ microdata is a rich data source for these types of analysis. However, feeding multisectoral models with this type of information is not simple and recent studies show how even slightly inaccurate procedures might result in significantly biased results. This paper presents the full procedure for feeding household consumption microdata into macroeconomic models and for the first time provides in a systematic way an estimation of the bridge matrices needed to link European Union Household Budget Surveys’ microdata with the most popular multi-regional input–output frameworks (e.g. Eurostat, WIOD, EORA, OECD)

Análisis de impacto del Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima PNIEC 2021-2030 de España

Este artículo recoge un análisis del impacto del borrador del Plan Nacional Integrado de Energía y Clima (PNIEC) 2021-2030 de España, cuyo objetivo central es reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) un 23 por 100 con respecto a 1990. El estudio utiliza varios modelos (DENIO y FASTT-TM5) para abordar los impactos de una forma integrada y multidisciplinar. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el PNIEC movilizaría 241.000 millones de euros, de los cuales un 80 por 100 provendría de financiación privada. Las medidas del PNIEC reducirían en 67.000 millones de euros la importación de combustibles fósiles, que serían sustituidos por energías renovables autóctonas, y generarían un aumento del PIB del 1,8 por 100 en 2030 y del empleo neto entre 253.000 y 348.000 empleos/año. La reducción de GEI, lleva asociada una importante reducción de emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos que causan daño a la salud (SO2, NOX, PM2.5, entre otras), lo que supondría una reducción del 27 por 100 de las muertes prematuras. Una conclusión robusta de este trabajo, similar a la de otros estudios recientes (OCDE, 2017; Comisión Europea, 2018; FUNSEAM, 2018 o IRENA, 2019), es que las soluciones para la crisis climática además de urgentes y necesarias, son una oportunidad, si son bien aprovechadas por aquellos países importadores netos de combustibles fósiles y que además disponen de recursos renovables.Los autores/as agradecen al equipo de la Subdirección General de Energías Renovables y Estudios del MITECO, a cargo de la mode-lización energética: Patricia Bañón, Miriam Bueno, Alejandro Fernández, Javier Galar-za, Víctor Marcos y Manuel Pérez. También a Pedro Linares (Universidad P. Comillas), Antxon Olabe (MITECO), Sara Aagesen (MITECO), Hugo Lucas (IDAE) y Eduardo González (OECC) por los comentarios recibi-dos, así como a IDAE y la Oficina Española de Cambio Climático y la Unidad de Inventarios por la información proporcionada. Cualquier error es responsabilidad de los autores. Fi-nalmente, agradecen la cofinanciación del Gobierno Vasco a través del programa BERC 2018-2021 y del Gobierno de España a tra-vés de la acreditación de BC3 como centro María de Maeztu (MDM-2017-0714) y MI-NECO (RTI2018-093352-B-I00)

Who rebounds most? Estimating direct and indirect rebound effects for different UK socioeconomic groups

This study estimates the combined direct and indirect rebound effects from various types of energy efficiency improvement and behavioural change by UK households and explores how these effects vary with total expenditure. The methodology is based upon estimates of the expenditure elasticity and GHG intensity of 16 categories of goods and services, and allows for the capital cost and embodied emissions of the energy efficiency measures themselves. The study finds that rebound effects, in GHG terms, are modest (0–32%) for measures affecting domestic energy use, larger (25–65%) for measures affecting vehicle fuel use and very large (66–106%) for measures that reduce food waste. Furthermore, measures undertaken by low income households are associated with the largest rebound effects, with direct emissions forming a larger proportion of the total rebound effect for those households. Measures that are subsidised or affect highly taxed energy commodities may be less effective in reducing aggregate emissions. These findings highlight the importance of allowing for rebound effects within policy appraisals, as well as reinforcing the case for economy-wide carbon pricing

A vicinal diol approach for the total synthesis of molestin E ent-sinulacembranolide A and ent-sinumaximol A

In this work an approach for the synthesis of furanocembranoid natural products containing the C-7,8-diol moiety is disclosed. This culminated in the first total synthesis of the natural product molestin E, together with ent-sinulacembranolide A and entsinumaximol A as well as a thorough exploration of their chemistry. Late-stage ring-closure of the C-7,8-diols to the corresponding epoxides was also demonstrated. Key features of this synthetic strategy include a stereoselective Baylis-Hillman reaction, ringclosing metathesis and Shiina macrolactonisation. Chiral-pool materials were deployed to ensure the desired absolute stereochemistry which was confirmed by late-stage single crystal Xray diffraction

Foundations for an Ecological Macroeconomics: literature review and model development.

This milestone provides a broad overview of model development under Work Package 205 of the WWWforEurope project. It describes briefly the challenge of modelling combined economic, ecological and financial systems and sets out a series of objectives for modelling the socio-economic transition towards sustainability. It highlights modelling needs in relation to full employment, financial stability, and social equity under conditions of constrained resource consumption and ecological limits. The paper also provides a broad overview of the literatures relevant to the task in hand. It then describes two separate modelling approaches, developed by two different teams within WWWforEurope. One of these approaches, led by WIFO, uses a Dynamic New Keynesian (DYNK) model to explore the implications of different long-run equilibrium paths for energy consumption. The other approach, led by Surrey in collaboration with York University, is motivated primarily by the desire to integrate a comprehensive model of the financial economy into a model of a (resource and emission-constrained) real economy. This paper sets out the overarching structure of each of these approaches. It discusses the similarities and differences between the two approaches and makes some proposals for the management of subsequent milestones in relation to WP 205

Prices and factor demand in an endogenized input-output model

This paper combines factor demand functions (for intermediate input and labour) and price equations (derived from a Generalized Leontief cost function) with the traditional input-output price model. The cost functions determine factor demands for materials and labour as well as output prices at given input prices. At the second level of aggregation, the intermediate demand as a single input is split proportional to the elements in the column of the technical coefficients matrix. The emphasis in this endogenization of technical coefficients is on two features. First, the repercussion of output on input prices, and, second, the link between the econometric model for the supply side and the input-output demand model.Input-output price model, Generalized Leontief cost functions, endogenous technical coefficients,